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1、第五章 简单句的种类英语句子按结构可分为三类：简单句，并列句和复合句：1、 简单句Simple Sentences含有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.2、 并列句Compound Sentences包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词and/but等或用分号连接。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuo
2、us.3、 复合句Complex Sentences 包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属连词引导。定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句都是复合句。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.按照句子的功能，简单句可分为4类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，和感叹句。一、陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法。1肯定式：主语谓语I came here last night. 我是昨晚到这儿的。The earth turns around the sun. 地球绕着太阳
3、转。We have many friends. 我们有很多朋友。Zhang Hong likes dancing. 张红喜欢跳舞。2否定式：如果句子的谓语动词是behave或有助动词和情态动词，在它们之后加not构成否定式。China is not a developed country. 中国不是一个发达国家。He hasnt been to Hangzhou. 他没去过杭州。We cant live without air. 没有空气，我们就不能生存。They will not (wont) go there. 他们将不去那里。如果句子的谓语是行为动词，而又没有助动词或情态动词时，在谓语动
4、词前加助动词do(第三人称单数用does，过去式用did)再加not构成否定式。I dont want to go. 他不想去。He doesnt like English. 他不喜欢英语。She didnt go to the party last night. 昨晚她没有去参加晚会。二、 疑问句英语中的疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。1. 一般疑问句用yes或no来回答的疑问句。Are you from England? 你是英格兰人吗？Do you speak English? 你讲英语吗？Will you be free tomorrow? 你明天有空吗？2.
5、 特殊疑问句用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子，不用yes或no回答。Whose bike is the newest? 谁的自行车最新？Who teaches you English? 谁教你们英语？Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？When will the meeting begin? 会议将在什么时候开始？Why didnt you tell me earlier? 你为什么不早点告诉我呢？3. 选择疑问句提出两个或两个以上的情况让对方选择。选择疑问句由“一般疑问句or一般疑问句”构成，其中后一个问句中与前一个句中的相同部分被省略。不用yes或no回答，要用完整的
6、句子回答。Is Kates hair long or short? Its long. 凯特的头发是长还是短？ 是长的。Shall we go by bus or walk? By bus. 我们是乘车去还是步行呢？ 乘车去4. 反意疑问句前一部分陈述一件事实，后一部分对前面的陈述提出相反的疑问。即前一部分如果是肯定结构，后一部分用否定结构;如果前一部分是否定结构，后一部分用肯定结构。You are from England, arent you? 你是英格兰人，对吗？He can swim, cant he ? 他会游泳，对吗？Jim will go to England, wont he?
7、 吉姆将去英国，是吗？Tom tells you about it, doesnt he? 汤姆告诉你那件事的，对吗？Jenny didnt come to school yesterday, did she? 珍妮昨天没来上学，对吗？They havent been to the Great Wall, have they? 他们没有去过万里长城，是吗？Its not very cold today, is it? 今天天气不很冷， 是吗？Exercises:1. The teacher had a word with you,_?A. didnt he B. hadnt he C. did
8、nt have he D. did not he2. You wont take back what you said,_?A. didnt you B. will you C. arent you D. were you3. Lets go to watch the football match,_?A. do we B. dont we C. shall we D. will you 4. Your family has no colour TV set,_?A. hasnt it B. doesnt it C. is it D. does it5. Miss Liu doesnt lik
9、e dancing, does she? -_A. No, she does B. No, she do C. Yes, she does D. Yes, she is 6. Theres something wrong with the radio, _? A. hasnt there B. doesnt there C. isnt there D. is there三祈使句表示命令，请求或建议，主语通常省略说话对象是第二人称时，主语you一般省略。肯定式：谓语是动词原形（+宾语）否定式:Dont/Never+动词原形+例如：Be quiet，please. 请安静Please come i
10、n. 请进Dont be afraid. 别害怕说话对象式第一第三人称时，用“Let+宾语+动词原形”，否定式用“Let+宾语+not+动词原形”，也可以“Dont +let +宾语+动词原形”。例如：Lets go to school. 我们去上学吧Let him not come in.=Dont let him come in. 别让他进来四感叹句表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情感叹句有what和how开头的两种形式。What修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，句末用感叹号。例如：1What+（a）+名词！What fun！多么有趣What+（a）+形容词+名词主语+谓语！What a bea
11、utiful picture it is！这是多么美的一幅画啊！口语中，常省略主语和谓语。例如：What a good idea！多好的主意啊！2How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！How interesting the film is！这电影真有趣！3How+主语+谓语！How she works！她工作多努力啊！How I wanted to see you！我多么想见到你啊！Exercises:1_clever boy he is!A. How B. What C. How a D. What a2_beautiful the Daming Lake looks!A. What a B.
12、How C. What D. How a3_ wonderful film it is !A. What B. How C. What a D. So4_ happy life we are living today !A. What B. What a C. How D. How a5_all these dustmen are working!A. How hard B. What hard C. How hardly D. What hardlyExercises:指出下列句子的种类。1. Im from London.2. Dont speak to me now.3. Lucy likes bananas.4. Do you like cooking?5. What about you？6Is it Lucy or Lily？7. Nice to meet you!8. This way, please.9. He doesnt work on a farm.10. What a fine day it is!
初高中英语衔接课程讲义：简单句的种类
