新课标三维人教英语选修八

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1、It has long been known the ancient Egyptian rulers, or pharaohs (法老), were buried with great ceremony and lavish (大量的) treasures that were to be used in the other world.Unfortunately, until 1922 no remains of any of the pharaohs or their treasures had ever been found. In that year, however, an archa

2、eologist named Howard Carter and his sponsor, Lord Carnavon, were at last successful. They found the tomb of King Tutankhamen, who was buried 3,200 years ago. King Tuts tomb was the first fully preserved burial site to be uncovered in Egypts Valley of the Kings. The two men found the tomb to contain

3、 wonderful treasures. Gold figures and magnificent furniture decorated with gold were found in the myriad (许多) of secret rooms and tunnels within the pyramid.The only disappointment for Howard Carter came when he found that King Tuts body was nothing but dust. Apparently a mistake had been made when

4、 the kings remains were mummified (使成木乃伊). Carter did, however, find 143 pieces of jewelry within the mummy case, mostly made of gold and precious stones. Actually, despite all the publicity about the remarkable finds in his tomb, Tutankhamens reign (统治时期) as pharaoh was short and relatively unevent

5、ful (太平的). He died when he was just 18 years old.Section_Warming Up & Reading Prereading原文呈现 读文清障A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAN CAVESA group of students (S) from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit. An archaeologist (A) is showing them round.A：Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in C

6、hina. It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology. You must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. Weve been excavating here for many years and . archaeologist /kIldIst/n.考古学家(美

7、archeologist)show sb. round 带领某人参观archaeology /kIldI/n.考古学(美archeology)be/become aware that .意识到；认识到evidence n证据；证明excavate /ekskveIt/vt.挖掘；发掘周口店洞穴参观记一群英国学生(学)来到周口店洞穴参观，有一位考古学家(考)正领着他们参观。考：欢迎到中国来参观周口店洞穴。很高兴见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。你们想必都很清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上这个地区的最早人类的证据。我们在这儿进行挖掘工作已经很多年了，而且S1：Im sorr

8、y to interrupt you but how could they live here? There are only rocks and trees.A：Good question. You are an acute observer. We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects. So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, reg

9、ardless of the cold.S2：How did they keep warm? They couldnt have mats， blankets or quilts like we do. It must have been very uncomfortable.A：Weve discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires. That would have kept them warm， cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as wel

10、l. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. We havent found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the freezing winter. interrupt /Intrpt/vt.& v

11、i.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止acute /kjut/adj.有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的acute在句中表示“观察力敏锐”。as well as “也；又”，连接并列成分。assume /sjum/vt.假定；设想regardless of 不管；不顾；不理会在it is reasonable to assume .中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是to assume .mat /mt/n.席子；垫子quilt /kwIlt/ n被子；棉被must have done意为“一定，肯定”，表示对过去情况的肯定推测。make fires 生火keep them warm是“keep宾语a

12、dj.(宾补)”结构。beast /bist/n.野兽scare .away把吓跑as well还；也。用于肯定句句尾。keep out 阻挡freezing winter 寒冷的冬天学1：对不起，打断了你的讲话。但他们怎么能住在这个地方呢？这儿只有石头和树木啊。考：问得好。你是个敏锐的观察者。在高山上的那些洞穴里我们找到了人骨和兽骨，还有工具和其他物品。因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。学2：那他们是怎样取暖的呢？他们不可能像我们现在这样有垫子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。考：我们发现在洞穴中央有生火用的地炉。他们用地炉里的火来取暖、做饭，还可以用火来吓跑野兽。我们一直在

13、挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚。这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。我们还没有找到门，但我们认为在天寒地冻的冬季他们可能是用兽皮挂在洞口来防寒的。S3：What wild animals were there all that time ago?A：Well, weve been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies. Now what do you think this tells us about the life of

14、these early people？(shows picture of a sewing needle)S2：Gosh! Thats a needle. Goodness, does that mean they repaired things?A：What else do you think it might have been used for？S4：Let me look at it. Its at most three centimetres long. Ah yes, it seems to be made of bone. I wonder how they made the h

15、ole for the .S2：(interrupting) Do you mean that they made their own clothes? Where did they get the material?A：They didnt have material like we have today. Can you guess what they used?S1：Wow! Did they wear clothes made entirely of animal skins？ How did they prepare them? Im sure they were quite hea

16、vy to cut and sew together.,have been finding 是现在完成进行时。 . what do you think this tells us about .？是复杂的特殊疑问句，其构成形式为：wh/howdo you think宾语从句。do you think作插入语，其后宾语从句用陈述语序。除think外，可用于此句式的动词还有believe, suppose, imagine, expect, guess等。be used for .被用来at (the) most 至多；最多centimetre /sentImit/n.厘米(美centimeter

17、)wonder vt.& vi.想知道；感到诧异 n惊奇；奇迹；奇观entirely adv.完全地；全部地过去分词短语made entirely of animal skins作后置定语，修饰clothes。学3：在那以前有些什么野兽呢？考：嗯，我们在洞里陆续发现老虎和熊的骨头。我们认为，这些野兽对他们来讲是最危险的敌人了。现在，你们看这个东西能告诉我们有关早期人类生活的什么情况呢？(指着一张画有针线的照片让大家看)学2：哎呀！那是一根针。天哪，难道他们还会修补东西吗？考：除此之外，你们认为它还可能有别的什么用处吗？学4：让我看看。这个东西最多三厘米长，噢，它看起来像是用骨头做的。我不知道他

18、们是怎样做成针眼的学2：(插话)你是不是说他们自己做衣服穿？他们又是从哪里搞到衣料的呢？考：他们没有像我们今天穿的这种衣料。你们能猜出他们用的是什么吗？学1：哇！他们穿的衣服全都是用兽皮做的吗？他们那些衣服是怎么做成的？我想兽皮剪裁并缝起来一定又厚又重啊。A：Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins. We continue discovering tools that were sharpeners for other tools. It seems that they used the s

19、harpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin. Then smaller scrapers were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the skin. After that they would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft. Finally, they would cut it and sew the pieces together. Quite a difficult

20、and messy task! Now look at this. (shows a necklace)S2：Why, its a primitive necklace. Did early people really care about their appearance like we do? Its lovely!A：Yes, and so well preserved . What do you think its made of?S4：Let me see. Oh, I think some of the beads are made of animal bones but othe

21、rs are made of shells.A：How clever you are! One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from the seaside. Can you identify any other bones？,did wear clothes made from animal skins中，did强调谓语动词wear，表示“的确穿着”，过去分词短语made from animal skins作后置定语，修饰clothes。continue doing sth.继续做某事；持续做某事sharpener

22、/pn/n.磨具；削具sharpen /pn/vi.& vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰cut up 切碎cut down 砍倒；缩减scraper /skreIp/n.刮刀；刮削器scrape /skreIp/vt.擦净；削平；磨光ample /mpl/adj.足够的；充足的；富裕的ample 表示很多，根本不用发愁；enough表示够用。an ample amount of 许多，大量。修饰不可数名词。messy /mesI/adj.凌乱的；脏的primitive /prImItIv/adj.原始的；远古的；简陋的care about 在乎；介意；关心care for 照料；想要；喜欢pres

23、erve vt.保存；保护；维护bead /bid/n.小珠子；滴identify /aIdentIfaI/vt.确认；识别；鉴别identify .as .确认是考：我们有证据表明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮制作的衣服。我们不断发现一些磨削其他工具用的工具。看样子他们用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮，可能再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后，他们可能在兽皮上边擦上大量的盐，使皮变柔软。最后进行剪裁，缝起来就成了。确实是既难又脏的活！现在来看看这个吧。(指着一串项链)学2：哎呀！这是一条原始的项链吧。早期人类也像我们现在一样讲究外貌吗？太漂亮了！考：是的。还保存得很好呢。你们看看是用什么做的？学4

24、：我看看。噢，我想有些珠子是用兽骨做的，但是其他的是用贝壳做的。考：你真聪明！有块骨头实际上是野兽的牙齿，贝壳是从海边捡来的。你们认得别的骨头吗？S1：This one looks very much like a fish bone. Is that reasonable?A：Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us， all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. Probably there were fish in it.S3：But

25、a lake is not the sea. We are miles from the sea, so how did the seashells get here?A：Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys. We know that they moved around, following the herds of animals. They didnt grow their own crops, but picked fruit wh

26、en it ripened and hunted animals. Thats why they are called hunters and gatherers. Now, why dont we go and visit the caves？botanical /btnIkl/adj.植物学的；与植物学有关的botany /btnI/n.植物学analysis /nlsIs/n.(pl. analyses)分析analyse vt.分析as引导非限制性定语从句，as指代后面整个主句的内容。used to do 过去常常否定形式可以用usednt to do, 也可以用didnt use t

27、o do。seashell /siel/n.海贝壳现在分词短语following the herds of animals作moved around的伴随状语。pick vt.挑选；采；摘；剔除ripen /raIpn/vt.& vi.使成熟；成熟Thats why .意为“这就是为什么”，why引导表语从句，why从句表示结果，原因在前面已经说明。Why dont we do .？Why not do .？用来提出建议。学1：这根很像鱼骨头，对吗？考：很对，正如植物学的分析结果告诉我们的一样，这四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖的一部分。当时可能湖里是有鱼的。学3：不过，湖并不是海呀。我们离海还远着

28、呢。那么，贝壳又是怎么来的呢？考：早期人类之间也许有贸易来往，或者他们也可能旅行到海边去。我们知道，他们跟着兽群四处走。他们并不种植谷物，而是在野果熟了的时候采摘它们并捕杀野兽来充饥。这就是他们被称为猎人和采摘者的缘故。好了，咱们现在去参观洞穴好吗？PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1alternativeAto stop someone from continuing what they are saying or doing by suddenly speaking to them 2starvation

29、 Bthe quality of being correct or true3tentative Csomething you can choose to do or use instead of something else4accuracy Dsuffering or death caused by lack of food5interrupt Eto make something have a sharper edge or point 6assume Fnot definite or certain, and may be changed later 7ample Gmore than

30、 enough8sharpen Hto think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof9analysis Ito recognize sb./sth. and be able to say who or what they are10identify Jthe detailed study or examination of sth.答案：15CDFBA 610HGEJILeadinLook at the following pictures and fill in the blanks.1Do you

31、 know about Zhoukoudian? What is it famous for?Yes, it is famous for Peking_Man.2Guess: Where did they live? How did they keep warm?What clothes did they wear?They might live in_the_caves,_make_fires to keep warm and wear animal_skins_or_leaves.WhilereadingFastreading()Read the conversation and matc

32、h the three topics with what the archaeologist talked about.1Topic 1 AWhat can we learn from a necklace?2Topic 2 BLife in the cave.3Topic 3 CWhat can we learn from a needle?答案：13BCA()Whats the main idea of the text?The main idea is about the_life_and_habits_of_our_earliest_people_in_the_Zhoukoudian_

33、caves.Carefulreading() True (T) or False (F)1Early people used blankets to keep them warm._F_2The archaeologists have found the bones of tigers and bears in the caves._T_3Early people used animal skins and fibers to make their clothes._F_4The early people didnt grow their own crops._T_() Read the te

34、xt and choose the best answers.1Where do the caves lie?AIn the forest.BOn the seaside.CAt the foot of the hill. DHigher up the hill.2Which of the following is the correct order about how early people made clothes?aclean the fat and meat from the skinbcut up animalscrub salt onto the skindremove the

35、skinesew the pieces togetherAbdcae BbdaceCbadce Dbacde3Which of the following shows us the earliest people and the modern people have something in common?APeople hung animal skins to keep out the cold.BPeople never grew their own crops.CPeople use science.DPeople care about their appearance.4Through

36、 the conversation, everything of the following about our earliest people is mentioned EXCEPT_.Ahomes BtoolsCdress Dentertainment5From the conversation we can infer that the earliest people in the caves were very_.Abusy and richBidle and lazyCclever and hardworkingDstupid and cruel答案：15DBDDCStudyread

37、ingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology.句式分析尝试翻译很高兴见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。2You must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the

38、 world.句式分析尝试翻译你们想必都很清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上这个地区的最早人类的证据。3We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.句式分析尝试翻译我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚。这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。.阅读理解AA new course on world heritage and its conservation offers

39、a good opportunity for the young people to learn about the legacy (遗产) of humanity and gain a sense of responsibility to help protect the planet we live on.According to a world heritage education programme jointly launched by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNES

40、CO) and Chinas Ministry of Education, the course will first be offered at several schools in Beijing before being included as a mandatory course (必修课) for high school students nationwide.The new course covers photos, slide shows and documentaries on the magnificence of the world heritage sites. The

41、class aims to tell children what world heritage is and why and how it should be protected. A total of 177 nations, including China, have signed the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Listed are 754 sites all over the world, of which 29 are in China the third

42、 most after Spain and Italy. Currently, protection of the countrys cultural and natural resources leaves much to be desired. Education is undoubtedly the best way to cultivate peoples sense for protecting cultural and natural resources.The introduction of such a programme in Chinese classrooms will

43、certainly help our young people realize the significance of common heritage, learning about world heritage sites, the history and traditions of different cultures, ecology, and the importance of protecting biological and cultural diversity.More importantly, it will help cultivate a sense of responsi

44、bility in the minds of young participants. This is critical in protecting these cultural and natural legacies, as well as our living environment and the limited resources for sustainable development.语篇解读：将遗产保护纳入课堂学习，旨在帮助孩子们学习和了解有关遗产的信息及让孩子知道如何保护遗产。1Which of the statements is TRUE according to the pa

45、ssage?AThe world heritage education programme was jointly launched by the United States and Chinas Ministry of Education.BThe course will first be offered at all the schools in Beijing.CProtection of the countrys cultural and natural resources has been perfect thanks to peoples efforts.DChina ranks

46、high among the countries with 29 sites listed on the list.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段的“Listed are 754 sites all over the world, of which 29 are in China the third most after Spain and Italy.”可知D项正确。2What can you expect to learn at the class?AWhat world heritage is.BWhy we should protect heritage.CHow world her

47、itage should be protected.DAll of the above.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段的“The class aims to tell children what world heritage is and why and how it should be protected.”可知课堂设置的目的是告诉孩子们世界遗产是什么，为什么要保护遗产以及如何保护遗产，故选D项。3The underlined word “cultivate” in the third paragraph probably means “_”AdistributeBexploitCdeve

48、lop Dimprovise解析：选C词义猜测题。根据下文这种课程能帮助孩子意识到保护遗产的重要性，故此处指的是教育无疑是最好的提升孩子遗产保护意识的最好的方式，故选C项。4Whats the purpose of the passage?ATo inform us of the reason for protecting the heritage.BTo tell us the way to protect the heritage.CTo tell us a new course.DTo tell us heritage preservation starts with education

49、.解析：选D写作意图题。本文主要介绍了在教学中加入遗产保护的课程，写作的目的是告诉我们遗产保护从教育开始，故选D项。BIf you and I met at a party，you would probably ask me what I do for a living, what town I live in the kind of questions that would help you to build a picture of who I am.I might ask the same of you, but I probably wouldnt be listening.Its m

50、ore likely Id be looking at the label on your jeans，glancing at your shoes，and eyeing up your mobile phone.These are the things that really tell me who you are.In fact, I sincerely hope you would notice the same things about me.Well，thats the way it was a year ago.I began to behave like this at a ve

51、ry early age. I remember the first day of junior school，standing alone in the playground, desperately wanting to make friends. I headed straight for what seemed to be the most promising group of boys. They were talking to girls, trading football cards, eating green sweets all the things I wanted to

52、do. As I attempted to talk with them，one boy asked me, “Do you support Manchester United Football Club？” Another asked, “Are you into Michael Jackson？” I answered yes to them all, even though the truthful answer was no.Things seemed to be going well until one of the boys caught sight of my trainers.

53、 Id never thought too much about them before. They were just plain blue sports shoes that Mum had bought，for playing in the back garden. At once, the group laughed very loudly, “Where did you get those from? A charitable organization？” Looking at the boys in bewilderment (疑惑), I noticed for the firs

54、t time that they all had similar shapes on the sides of their trainers, like the ones on footballers boots on television. It wasnt just their shoes: crocodiles, eagles and tigers sat on the breasts of their Tshirts, and every single boy seemed to have the same school bag, a blue plastic bag with a l

55、eaping puma in silver on the side. I walked away quietly，depressed. From that day on, I was determined to be like them, if not more so.5What was the author like one year ago?AHe was very interested in figure paintings.BHe was crazy about holding different parties.CHe used to judge others by their ap

56、pearances.DHe had some difficulty communicating with others.解析：选C推理判断题。由第一段的“Id be looking at the label on your jeans，glancing at your shoes，and eyeing up your mobile phone.These are the things that really tell me who you are.”可知，一年前的作者喜欢以貌取人。6How did the author react when asked about his favorite f

57、ootball team?AHe told a lie.BHe kept silent.CHe replied proudly.DHe refused to answer.解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段的“I answered yes to them all, even though the truthful answer was no.”可知，当作者被问到喜欢的球队和明星时，他撒了谎。7Why did the group suddenly burst out laughing?ABecause they played a joke on the author.BBecause they we

58、re attracted by the author.CBecause they welcomed the author warmly.DBecause they looked down upon the author.解析：选D推理判断题。由第三、四段可知，作者穿的是一双普通的蓝色球鞋，而那些穿着名牌球鞋的男孩取笑他的鞋是从慈善机构得到的，由此推测这些男孩是因看不起他而大笑起来。8After the first day of junior school, the author began to_.Abe addicted to televisionBconcern himself with

59、animalsCfollow famous football playersDspend more money on branded goods解析：选D推理判断题。由最后一段作者看到其他男孩所穿戴的服饰后感到十分沮丧，再结合第一段作者与他人交流时所关注的事物可知，从那时起，作者开始花大量的钱买品牌货。CEarlier this week, 23 robots from all over the world competed in Pomona, California, for a $2 million prize in the DARPA Robotics Challenge (挑战赛).

60、Teams have been working on these robots for three years their challenge was to make a robot that can help after an earthquake or other natural disasters. The rules are simple each robot has one hour to score eight points for different tasks, which include driving a car, or opening a door.Every team

61、has people in a separate garage, sitting around big screens and controlling their own robots. Across the garage stands Carnegie Mellons bright red robot, CHIMP. “It has arms and hands but it moves around on these tracks，” said Tony Stentz, team leader of team Tartan Rescue. “CHIMP can go from uprigh

62、t to allfours in just a few seconds. Weighing in at 440 pounds, CHIMP seems certain to win in the competition，” he said.During the early drive, CHIMP almost went into the barricade (障碍物). It was slow getting out of the car, but once it made it out, and opened the door, it dropped to the ground in the doorway. For all the other teams, a fall means that humans have to step in and get the robot back on its feet. But about five minutes later, CHIMP got back up without any help.The team didnt get any points for that move, but recovering from a fall would come in pretty handy in a disaster