高考英语阅读解题技巧强化

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1、高考英语阅读解题技巧强化：推理与复述 衡东县第一中学 罗咏凌高三下期经过一系列的强化训练后，学生对于英语各题型的解题能力大有提高，不少学生的英语成绩也取得了突破性的进展。但是越接近高考，特别是在最后一个月里，有的学生就越感到迷茫，心情也越来越焦躁。因为他们感觉到阅读训练花的时间最多，而且有关阅读的各项专题我们都已复习到位，但是这一段时间所取得的进步相对于以前却慢多了。有的同学甚至形成一种错误的观点觉得阅读训练的越多，得分反而越少。特别是五月份衡阳市联考的英语阅读试题中第二篇第63题，大部分同学包括一些英语成绩平时非常优秀的同学选错答案，这种现象不禁引起了我的深思。就其原因，尽管我们已经做过有关

2、阅读细节理解，推理判断等专题训练，却忽略了阅读理解选项中复述句与推理句的区别及相关训练，使得学生此方面能力仍然比较薄弱，能够取得的进步当然也就受到了限制。（衡阳市2009年五月联考题阅读理解第二篇）63. Which of the following can be inferred? (正确答案为A) 但是绝大部分同学选D.（ A qualified pilot has to pass comprehensive examinations on political and military theory）.即使在已经给出正确答案后，他们还是觉得无法理解。其实这个句子是对原文They had a

3、lso passed comprehensive examinations on political and military theory, flight skills, management and mental health的复述，而非推断。因此加强此题型的分析与训练是非常必要的。我制作了两个多媒体课件作为对学生的一个专题训练，并取得了很好的效果。在课件中我采取了以下几个步骤：一 从概念上着手辨析复述与推理的区别。复述（Restatement）是用另一种表达方式来表达句子，但它所表达的观点与原文是一致的。而推断（inference）是根据原文所给的信息得出的一个推断或结论。二强调推理判断

4、题的设问方式。1. What is implied in the sentence(s) . ?2. It is implied in the passage that3. The passage implies/suggests that4. It can be inferred/seen/concluded from the passage that5. Which of the following can be inferred from this passage?6. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?7

5、. Which of the following conclusions could best be drawn from the passage?8. Based on the passage, we can assume that9. We can learn from the passage that the author is10. In Which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed?11. The paragraph following the passage would m

6、ost probably discuss12. What would the paragraph preceding this passage probably discuss? 三. 具体分析所给选项的类型和特点。 含有推理判断要求的题目一般以下面四种形式选项的句子出现： 1.复述句或纯粹是重复原文 2.是根据原文得出的推理或判断。 3.有些选项表面上看起来非常像是对原文的推断，但根据原文信息它其实是错误的推断。4. 有些句子看起来是对的，或根据常识是正确句子，但它实际上与原文无关，不能由原文推断出它的正误。 三 . 通过典型例子分析与训练加强学生的辨别能力。题目类型均为：Which of

7、the following can be inferred from this passage?训练1. Heavy smokers and drinkers run a fifteen timesgreater risk of developing cancer of the mouth and throat than non-smokers and non-drinkers.A. Cancer of the mouth and throat is more likely to occur in heavy smokers and drinkers than in non-smokers a

8、nd non-drinkers.B. People who never smoke or drink will not get mouth or throat cancer.C. Heavy drinkers who run have a greater risk of developing cancer than non-drinkers.D. People would probably be healthier if they did not drink or smoke.正确答案D (80%左右的同学误选A)。Explanation： “A” is the likeliest answe

9、r that the students will choose. a restatement of the original sentence. If heavy smokers and drinkers run a greater risk of developing cancer than those who do not smoke or drink, then cancer is more likely to occur in heavy smokers and drinkers. “B” is not true that people who never smoke or drink

10、 will never get mouth or throat cancer. We only know that they are less likely to get this kind of cancer. “C” is not true. The word “run” in the original sentence is part of the phrase “to run a risk of”, which means “ to be in danger” . The sentence does not tell us anything about heavy drinkers w

11、ho enjoy the sport of running. “D” is an inference which can be drawn from the information given. If people who smoke and drink heavily run a high risk of developing cancer, then we can infer that people probably would be healthier if they dont smoke or drink too much.训练2. Nine out of ten doctors re

12、sponding to a survey said they recommend our product to their patients if they recommend anything.A. Nine out of ten doctors recommend the product .B. If they recommend anything, nine out of ten doctors responding to a survey recommend the product.C. Most doctors recommend the product.D. We dont kno

13、w how many doctors recommend the product.正确答案D (70%左右的同学误选C)Explanation：Nine out of ten doctors who respond to a survey doesnt mean the number of all the doctors in all the hospitals. Maybe all of these ten doctors are the same hospital. So “A” and Option “C” cant be based on the original sentences.

14、 Option B is only a restatement. 训练3. Often people who hold higher position in a given group overestimate their performance, while people in the lowest levels of the group underestimate theirs. While this may not always be true, it does indicate that often the actual position in the group has much t

15、o do with the feeling of personal confidence a person may have. Thus, members who hold the higher positions in a group or feel that they have an important part to play in the group will probably have more confidence in their own performance.A.If people have confidence in their own performance, they

16、will achieve high position in a group.B .If we let people know they are an important part of a group, they will probably become more self-confident.C.People who hold low position in a group often overestimate their performance.D.People in positions of power in a group may feel they do better work th

17、an they really do.E.People with higher positions in a group do better work than other group members.正确答案B。（50%同学误选D, 30%t同学误选A）Explanation:“b” is an inference that can be drawn from the last sentence in the paragraph. We know that if people feel they have an important part to play in a group, they w

18、ill probably have more self-confidence. We can infer that we let people know (and therefore make them feel) that they have an important part to play, they will probably become more self-confident.“d” is a restatement of the first sentence. (Often people who hold higher position in a given group over

19、estimate their performance, ) People who hold higher positions tend to overestimate their performance: they may feel they do better work than they really do. 训练4.Think back to your college days, the good old days when life was easy. Stay up all night partying or even studying? No problem. Eat pizza

20、every night and plow through entire bags of potato chips nonstop. Hey, no sweat. You were a lean (苗条的), mean, and also young machine. But . then stuff happens. You graduate, get a job, get married, have kids, and around the age of thirty-five youre no longer so young and so lean. In fact, youve adde

21、d a few pounds around the middle. And with each passing year you seem to put on another pound or two. By the time youve hit your mid-forties you may findyourself looking into the mirror and wondering, “What happened to the slim, young Adonis (希腊神话中的美少年)?”How did this happen? Around the age of thirty

22、-five or so your metabolism (新陈代谢) may start to slow down. Plus, you are likely to lose muscle mass （肌肉质量）, which slows your metabolism even more. The slower your metabolism, the slower the rate at which your body burns calories. So even if youre eating less than you used to, youll start gaining wei

23、ght. But that youre not a spring chicken （年轻人） anymore doesnt mean that you have to get fat. In fact, the antidote (矫正方法) is pretty simple: exercise and eat less. Lifting weights or otherwise regularly working your muscles will add or at least keep muscle mass, which will help keep your metabolism.S

24、o maybe you cant stay young forever, but you can stay slim. 1.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the young people are _.A. creative B. greedy C. energetic D. humorous 2.The underlined word “stuff” (inParagraph 2 ) refers to a series of things that are _.A. boring B. happy C. curious D.

25、 unexpected 3, According to Paragraph3, ones gaining weight is _.A. common B. impossible C. avoidable D. dangerous4. Which of the following words can best describe the writers attitude towards keeping ones figure?A. Passive. B. Positive. C. Puzzled. D. Disappointed.Explanation:答案：1-4 CAAB。四小题均考查推理判断

26、。(第3问中90%的同学误选C)。 1.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the young people are _.根据第一节的内容(Stay up all night partying or even studying? No problem. Eat pizza every night and plow through entire bags of potato chips nonstop.)进行分析推理，整夜不睡、食量大等等这些都是精力充沛的表现，故C项energetic正确；第2题从下文(But . then stuf

27、f happens. You graduate, get a job, get married, have kids, and around the age of thirty-five youre no longer so young and so lean.)毕业、找工作、结婚、生孩子，这一切都是令人心烦的事，结果不再年轻。特别注意答题的依据是第3段的内容，注意不能选C。虽然文章最后一段作者的观点the antidote (矫正方法) exercise and eat less非常明确，即只要锻炼加少食，就可以防止发胖，但第3段How did this happen? Around the

28、 age of thirty-five or so your metabolism (新陈代谢) may start to slow down. Plus, you are likely to lose muscle mass （主要是介绍了人到一定年龄发胖的原理，说明发胖还是常见的（common）。可以从文章的整个基调尤其是最后一句(So maybe you cant stay young forever, but you can stay slim. )十分肯定的结论推断出作者对一个人保持体形的态度是积极的，故B为正确答案。 笔者认为作为一个高三老师应该随时注意发现学生解题中遇到的困难并及时着手解决问题，考前进行有效点破，让学生的能力得到迅速提高，这样学生在训练中才会有所收获，而不会感到迷茫和厌烦，并在随后的考试中取得更大的成绩。