英语的时态和动词变化及过去式和过去分词

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1、 一、英语时态表 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时 二、十六种时态的谓语形势 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing

2、shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing 八种时态介绍：一、 一般现在时态：表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作。时间状语： every , sometimes, always, never, often,usually等。1 由be的is am are表示，之后接名词，形容词或介词。陈述句：I am an office worker.He is so laz

3、y.They are at home now.否定句： I am not Tim. She is not very beauiful. They are not in the office.一般疑问句：Are you an office assistant? Is she beautiful?特殊疑问句：What is your job? What colour is your bag?Where are you now?2 由实意动词V构成，引导疑问句和否定句，用do或dont。第三人称时用does或doesnt,有does出现动词用原形；第三人称陈述句V后加s或es.陈述句：I work

4、in Shanghai. He works at home.Davy never watches TV at home.否定句: I dont like the food in KFC. Davy doesnt like the food in KFC either.一般疑问句: Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the subway station?特殊疑问句：What do you want? Where does she live? How do they go to work?3 由情态动词can, must, may构成。

5、may没有否定形式。陈述句: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.否定句：I cant swim at all. You mustnt（表示禁止） smoke in the office.一般疑问句: Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?特殊疑问句： How can I get there? What must I do now?二 一般过去时态。在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：ye

6、sterday, last week, an hour ago，the day before yesterday,in 1997。1由 be的过去式是 was或 were表示。Is am-was;are-were.陈述句：I was a big boss.He was beautiful. We were in Beijing last year.否定句: I was not at home at that moment. We were not at work yesterday.一般疑问句: Were you a teacher? Was she in the office last we

7、ek?特殊疑问句：Where were you last night? When were you in that company?2 由V的过去式构成陈述句，疑问句和否定句用借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。陈述句：I worked in Sunmoon.We studied English there. He lived in HongKong.否定句: I didnt work here. They didnt see me. She liked English a lot.一般疑问句: Did you go to America? Did he work in Sunmoon?特殊

8、疑问句：Where did you work? What did he say to you? How did you know my name?3 由情态动词的过去式构成，cancould.She could walk when she was one year old. I could not speak English one year ago.三 一般将来时态：即将发生动作或状态。时间状语有：tomorrow,next year,the month after next,in two hours.1 任何人称+will+动词原形.I will fly to KongKong tomor

9、row. He will go with us. We will arrive in Shanghai next week.I will never believe you again. He will not come tonight. We will not buy a car next year.Will you go there by train? Will he come tomorrow? Will they live a five-star hotel?What will you do after class? Where will he live? How will they

10、come here?2 is/am/are+going to+V原形，表示计划打算做什么事情。Im going to go to Kongkong by air.We are not going to buy a house here.Are they going to change their jobs?How are you going to tell him?四 过去将来时态；在过去将会发生的动作。构成：任何人称+would +V原形was/were going to +V原形He said he would come in in Shanghai.I sai I would buy y

11、ou a car one day.They told me that they were not going to go abroad.五 现在进行时态：表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。常用的时间的动作：now, at the（this）moment构成：is/am/are+VingIm waiting for my boy friend. He is doing the housework at home now.He is not playing toys. We are enjoying ourselves.Are you having dinner at home? Is

12、 Tim cooking in the kitchen?What are you doing now? Where are they having a meal?六 过去进行时态：过去一段时间正在发生的动作。构成：was/were+Ving I was doing my homework at that time. He was not sleeping at 11 oclock last night.What were you doing at that moment?We were having a party while my neighbour is sleeping.七 现 在完成时

13、态：用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状 态。简单的说，就是动作已经发生对现在造成明显的影响。常用的时间 fortwo /weeks/years；forseveral days； since 2004/ Apr.23/lastweek/theaccident 构成：have/has +done（过去分词）I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter. He has lived here for nearly 10 years.I haven

14、t finished my homework.Tim hasnt come yet.We havent heard any news about him How long have you worked in this company? 特别注意：1 have/has always been+名词/形容词/介词：总是或一直是什么样子。He has always been a good father. I have always been busy. They have always been in America. 2 have/has been to:表示去过或到过。I have been

15、to Canada. Have you been to Hongkong?Where have you been? I have never been here.3 have/has gone to:去了。He has gone to Beijing. They have gone to the cinema.八 过去完成时态：发生在过去的过去。构成：had + done He said he had told Davy. They told us they had finished the work.She had had dinner before she went out.He left

16、 the office after he had called Davy.一 般 现 在 时.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 动词用原形(单三人称动词加s / es) (问句和否定句借用助词do / does) 一 般 过 去 时 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。动词用过去式 (问句和否定句借用助词did) 现 在 进 行 时 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。am +动词-ing is +动词-ing are +动词-ing 过 去 进 行 时 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。was +动词-i

17、ng were +动词-ing 一 般 将 来 时 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。(1)will + 动词原形 (2)am +going to+动词原形 Is +going to+动词原形 are +going to+动词原形 过 去 将 来 时 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。(1)would + 动词原形 (2)was +going to+动词原形 were +going to+动词原形 现 在 完 成 时 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动

18、作或状态。have +过去分词 has +过去分词 过 去 完 成 时 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。had +过去分词B动词的过去分词构成规则规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。变化规则1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式） work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e

19、”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried , (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不规则动词，见不规则表 当过去分词作为表语The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 【注意】过去分

20、词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语) 【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用 -ing 形式来修饰物. (3) The book is in

21、teresting and Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 当过去分词作为定语作定语的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The

22、 concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关. The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男

23、孩带着满意的表情举目而视. 当过去分词作为状语1. 过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作. (1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. 【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写. 值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dre

24、ssed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). (2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. 2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致. (1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. 再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ,即 I 被再给一个小时.) (2)_ Seen from the top of the hill,

25、 the city looks more beautiful to us. 从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen 为过去分词作状语,表被看,由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是我们,因为我们应主动看城市.) 【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. (1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语. (2) Her head h

26、eld high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.) 3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句. (1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了. (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.) (2)_Grown in rich soil, these

27、seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil. 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成连词+过去分词结构作状语. When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定. 4. 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.

28、He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶. 当过去分词作为宾语补足语(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类: 1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等. (1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作hea

29、rd;) (2)_He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found) 2. 表示致使意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等. (1) Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发. (2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了. (3) Dont leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完. 3. 表示思维活动的动词如consider，

30、know， think等后。如： (1) I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。 (2) I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我认为自己在这场交易中有受愚弄了。 4. 表示爱憎意愿的动词如want， wish， like， hate等后。如： (1) I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。 (2) He didnt wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。 【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系. (二)使役动词h

31、ave接过去分词作宾补有两种情况. 1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成. He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了) 2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如: He had his leg broken.他的腿断了. (自己的经历) with +宾语+过去分词的结构此结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语. (1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式

32、) (2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件) (3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因) (4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他. (5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿.过去分词不规则变化表 过去分词不规

33、则变化表一、AAA型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共7个） costcostcost cutcutcut hithithit hurthurthurt letletlet putputput readreadread 二、ABB型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个） 1?过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。（3个） bringbroughtbrought buyboughtbought thinkthoughtthought flight-fought-fought 2?词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个） buildbuiltbuilt lendlent len

34、t sendsentsent spendspent spent 3过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。（2个） catchcaughtcaught teachtaughttaught 4把-eep变为-ept。（3个） keepkeptkept sleepsleptslept sweep sweptswept 5?把-ell变为-old。（2个） telltoldtold sellsoldsold 6过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。（4个） smellsmeltsmelt spellspeltspelt feelfelt felt spillspiltspilt 7过去式、过去分词

35、都在原形词尾加t。（3个） learnlearntlearnt meanmeantmeant spoilspoiltspoilt 8过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id（4个） saysaidsaid paypaidpaid laylaidlaid hearheardheard 9改变元音字母。（11个） meetmetmet getgotgot sitsatsat findfoundfound holdheldheld spitspatspat shineshoneshone winwonwon hanghunghung dig dugdug loselostlost 10改变辅音字母。（1个）

36、 makemademade 11?改变元、辅音字母。（4个） leaveleftleft standstoodstood have（has） hadhad understandunderstoodunderstood 三、ABC型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共35个） 1?iau变化。（6个） beginbeganbegun drinkdrankdrunk sing sangsung ringrangrung swimswamswum sink sanksunk 2?词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5个） blowblewblown drawd

37、rewdrawn grow grewgrown knowknewknown throwthrewthrown（show除外） 3?词尾为“i辅（1个）e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）（give，hide除外） drivedrovedriven writewrotewritten ride roderidden riseroserisen 4?过去分词在过去式后加（e）n。（5个） breakbrokebroken choosechosechosen freezefrozefrozen speakspokespoken wake

38、woke woken 5?过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（1个） forgetforgotforgotten 6?过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个） bewas（were）been eatateeaten fallfellfallen givegavegiven seesawseen hidehidhidden（hid） 7?词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个） taketooktaken mistakemistookmistaken 8?原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个） dodiddone flyflewflown gowentgone

39、lielaylain showshowedshown wearworeworn 四、AAB型，即过去式和原形相同。（1个） beatbeatbeaten 五、ABA型，即过去分词和原形相同。（3个） comecamecome becomebecamebecome run ranrun 六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（4个） cancould maymight willwould shallshould 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 arise arose arisen awake awoke/awaked awoken be was been bear bore borne(携

40、带)/born(出生) beat beat beaten become became become begin began begun befall befell befallen bend bent bent bet bet bet bind bound bound bite bit bitten/bit bleed bled bled blend blended blent bless blessed blest blow blew blown break broke broken breed bred bred bring brought brought broadcast broadc

41、ast/broadcasted broadcast/broadcasted build built built burn burnt/burned burnt/burned burst burst burst buy bought bought cast cast cast catch caught caught choose chose chosen cleave clove/cleft cloven/cleft cling clung clung clothe clothed/clad clothed/clad come came come cost cost cost creep cre

42、pt crept crow crowed/crew crowed cut cut cut dare dared/durst dared deal dealt dealt dig dug dug do did done draw drew drawn dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed drink drank drunk drive drove driven dwell dwelt dwelt eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find

43、found found flee fled fled fling flung flung fly flew flown forbid forbade/forbad forbidden forecast forecast/forecasted forecast/forecasted forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen gainsay gainsaid gainsaid get got gotten gild gilded/gilt gilded gird girded/girt girded/g

44、irt give gave given go went gone grave graved graven/graved grind ground ground grow girew grown hang hung/hanged hung/hanged have had had hear heard heard heave heaved/hove hesved/hove hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept kneel knelt knelt know knew known lade la

45、ded laden lay laid laid lead led led lean lesnt/leaned lesnt/leaned leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped learn learnt/learned learnt/learned leave left left lend lent lent let let let lie lay lain light lit/lighted lit/lighted lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met melt melted meited/

46、molten mistake mistook mistaken misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood outgrow outgrew outgrown overcome overcame overcome oversee oversaw overseen pay paid paid prove proved proved/proven put put put quit quitted/quit quitted/quit read read read rend rent rent ride rode ridden ring rang rung ris

47、e rose risen rive rived riven/rived run ran run saw sawed sawn/sawed say said said see saw seen seek sought sought sell sold sold send sent sent set set set sew sewed sewn/sewed shake shook shaken shave shaved shaved/shaven shear sheared sheared/shorn shed shed shed shine shone shone shoe shod shod

48、shoot shot shot show showed shown/showed shrink shrank/shrunk shrunk/shrunken shrive shrove/shrived shriven/shrived shut shut shut sing sang/sung sung sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken sit sat sat slay slew slain sleep slept slept slide slid slid sling slung slung slink slunk slunk slit slit slit smell sme

49、lt/smelled smelt/smelled smite smote smitten sow sowed sown/sowed speak spoke spoken speed sped/speeded sped/speeded spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled spend spent spent spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled spin spun/span spun spit spat/spit spat/spit spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled spread spread sp

50、read spring sprang/sprung sprung stand stood stood stave staved/stove staved/stove steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck sting stung stung swear swore sworn sweep swept swept swell swelled swollen/swelled swim swam swum swing swung swung take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told to

51、ld think thought thought throw threw thrown thrust thrust thrust tread trod trodden/trod upset upset upset wake woke/waked woken/waked wear wore worn weave wove woven weep wept wept win won won wind wound wound work worked/wrought worked/wrought wring wrung wrung write wrote written不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳 不

52、规则动词过去式和过去分词 A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同. cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut put-put-put let-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hit shut-shut-shut hurt-hurt-hurt read-read-read 读音 /e/ lie-lied-lied 说谎 lay-laid-laid 放置，下蛋 lay- lain 躺下，位于，平放 eg. The hens dont _eggs during such cold weather. She _ her books on the table. _ B.

53、 过去式与过去分词完全相同 1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是 :t bright-brought-brought think-thought-thought buy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught teach - taught -taught 2. 动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分词。 get-got-got sell-sold-sold tell-told-told 3. 动词原形中i为a, sit-sat-sat spit-spat-spat 4. 动词原形中i为o, win-won-won shine-shone/

54、shined-shone / shined 5. 动词原形中an为oo, stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood 6. 动词原形中的ay为ai, say-said-said pay-paid-paid 7. a）动词原形中的d为t, send-sent-sent lend-lent-lent spend-spent-spent build-built-built b ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , smell-smelt-smelt lose-lost-lost c ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant 读音/e/ d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/ feel-felt-