中考英语语法专题复习－情态动词

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1、中考英语语法专题复习情态动词二. 考点跟踪解读 中考对情态动词的考查都有涉及，但是集中于can,must,may等词用法上，尤其是can,must,may表示推测和可能性的用法。而且可以看出考查越来越侧重于根据语境,尤其是暗示词和暗示语，判断说话人语气、态度，从而选择恰当情态动词。三、要点精讲全解（一）情态动词的概念情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪. 态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。初中阶段必须掌握的情态动词can, may, must, need, had better, shall, will, should, would, could, m

2、ight, used to, have to. We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？ Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？ You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。 （二）常见情态动词的用法1. can /could/ be able to（1）can表示能力，“能、会”。 如：He can swim, but I can t.他会游泳，但是我不会。（2）表示“可能”，常用于否定句或疑问句中。 如：Today is

3、 Sunday, so she can t be at school. 今天是星期日，所以她一定不在学校。（3）表示”许可，可以”，常用在口语中。 如：You can use my bike.你可以用我的自行车。（4）can和be able to用法比较：can只有两种时态，一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to可用于各种时态。 can(could)表示能力时，可用be able to 代替。如：My mother can (is able to )pay for the coat.我妈妈买得起那件外衣。Mary will be able to tell you where she w

4、orks. 玛丽会告诉你她在哪工作。（5）can的过去式是could, 表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。在口语中，could常用来代替can，表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。如：They could run very fast when they were young.当他们年轻的时候，他们跑得很快。Could I borrow your bike? 我能借一下你的自行车吗？ 2. may/might（1）表示”请求，许可”（比can正式）。如：May I sue your dictionary? 我可以用你的字典吗？（2）表示推测，”可能，或许”（谈论可能性，一般用于肯定句。）如：I may

5、go to the market next Monday. 下周一我或许去市场。She may be in the classroom. 她可能在教室。（3）might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。如：He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定) 3. must/ have to（1）must表示“必须，应该，应当”。否定式must not ,表示 “一定不要”. “禁止，不许”之意。回答must问句时，肯定回答用must ,否定回答要用needn t。如：You must stay here until I come

6、back. 你必须在这儿直到我回来。You mustnt leave us. 你不许离开我们。Must I finish the work tonight? 我今晚必须完成这项工作吗？Yes, you must. / No, you needn t. 是的，你必须。/不，没有必要了。（2）表示有把握的判断或推测，”一定，准是”，一般用在肯定句中。注意变为否定句时，应将must改为can t，变为反意问句时，简短疑问句的谓语动词应该和must后面的词保持一致。如：She must be a doctor. She can t be a doctor. 她一定（不）是医生。 You must be

7、 a middle-school student, aren t you? 你一定是名中学生，是吗？（3）must 和have to的区别：must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要，。have to 侧重于客观上的必要，有多种时态的变化。如：I was ill, so mother had to send for a doctor. 我病了，妈妈只好请医生来She said that she must study hard. 她说她必须努力学习。4. need（1）need用作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。need引导的疑问句，肯定回答时多用must，否

8、定回答时用needn t。You needn t tell him. 你不必告诉他。Need he stay here？他有必要留在这儿吗？Yes, he must. /No, he needn t. 是的，他必须留在这儿。/不，没有必要。（2）need用作实意动词时，有人称和数的变化，常接need (to do)sth。如：We need to buy a new car. 我们有必要买辆新汽车。We don t need to buy so much. 我们不必买这么多。5. shall, should （1）shall用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求意见。如： Shall we go to

9、 the zoo this weekend? 我们这个周末去动物园好吗？（2）should作为情态动词，意思是“应当”，表示表示劝告，建议，命令等。 We should speak to old people politely. 我们应该礼貌地对老人讲话。6. will /would （1）will作为情态动词讲，常用于一般疑问句中，表示客气的邀请或请求。如：Will you close the window? It s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。（2）would作情态动词讲时，表意愿，常与love, like等词连用。如： Would you mind cleani

10、ng the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？7. had betterhad better 意思是“最好”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。had better后接动词原形，had better do sth. “最好做某事”，其否定形式是：had better not do sth.疑问形式可把had提到句首。如： You d better go to hospital at once. 你最好立即去医院看病。You had better not miss the last bus.你最好不要错过末班公共汽车。8. used to used to 表示”过去经常”，表示过去经

11、常发生的动作，used to do sth.的疑问和否定句式有两种形式，一是可以把used提前或在used后加not，二是通过添加did的形式。如：Did you use to play the piano? 你过去常弹钢琴吗？I didn t use to have long hair. = She usedn t to have long hair. 他过去不经常留长并头发。Did you use to play football? 你过去常踢球吗？四、思维误区警示(一) can, could 的用法【例题解析】1. （北京） you speak Japanese ?No, I can t

12、.A. Can B. Must C. May D. Should答案：A。考查can 的用法，做此题要从答语入手，用can来回答，应用can提问。2. （武汉）Have you seen my glasses? I find them.Sorry. I havent seen them.A. cant B. shouldnt C. won t D. mustnt答案：为A。 考查can表示“能”用法。根据句意，应为“我不能找到眼镜了。”B为“不该”C为助动词，D为“禁止”，A为“不能”，故选A。3. （长沙）Is Lucy knocking at the door?No.It be Lucy.

13、 She is in Japan now.A. neednt B. must C. can t答案：C。考查can 表示推测。由暗示语No和She is in Japan .判断“一定不是Lucy”，needn t，“不必”，不表示推测，must表示肯定推测时， “一定”，否定用can t。【易错知识点解析】以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答和否定回答分别用 can和 can t；Could 提问，多用can回答。表示否定推测，常见于can t。（二）may的用法【例题解析】1. （山西）John, you needn t do your work today, you do it tomo

14、rrow if you re tired.A. must B. may C. can t答案：B。 锁定语境，由暗示词needn t do today.看出不必今天去做。根据tomorrow得知可以明天做。may意为“可以”。must为“必须”，语气太强硬。can t为“不能”，与题意不符。2. （安徽）Is Mr.Brown driving here?I m not sure. He come by train.A. may B. shall C. need D. must答案：A。 从暗示语I m not sure.判断说话人语气没有把握，must意为“一定”，有把握，need为“需要”,

15、与题意不符。故选may表示推测“可能”，“也许”。【易错知识点解析】表示请求时，主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，其否定回答用mustn t，不用may not；表示推测，意为“可能”，“也许”，用语肯定句中。（三）must的用法【例题解析】1.（长春）Mum, can I go to the movies today?Sure, but you finish your school work first.A. can B. can t C. must D. needn t答案：C。根据暗示词but，first看出说话人语气强硬，“必须。”can 意为“可以”，语气不够强硬，can t“不能,”ne

16、edn t为“没有必要”，与题意不符。2. （河南）Our class won the English speaking contest.Congratulations! You be very proud of it.A. can B. need C. would D. must答案：D。根据句意，“我们班赢得英语比赛”得知，一定很“自豪”(proud)，must “一定”，表示推测的可能性大。can be语气硬些。need为“需要”，would为委婉询问，不用于推测。3.（上海）Must I return the magazine to you right now, Sandy? No,

17、you .You may keep it until next Wednesday.A. needn t B. can t C. must D. may答案：A。考查must 的否定回答为needn t。【易错知识点解析】 must表示责任. 义务或一种强制性规定。意为“必须” ，“应该”。否定形式mustnt表示禁止，“不许”；表示推测，用于肯定句中。意为“一定”，可能性大。；以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答常用needn t表示“不需要，”，“不必”。（四）had better的用法【例题解析】1.（河南）It seems that it is going to rai

18、n. Youd better the windows open when you leave the house.A. not leave B. leave C. not to leave D. to leave答案：A。首先根据had better do这一语法特征排除C，D。根据语境“要下雨了，”应不让窗户开着。所以用否定结构。2.（河北）Look! How heavy the rain is! Youd better_.A. dont go now B. stay here when it stopsC. not leave until it stops D. not to leave

19、at once答案：C。had better后接动词原形,其否定形式为had better not+动词原形,排除A. D。【易错知识点解析】had better 表建议，意为“最好”。had better (not)do sth.（五）shall, should的用法【例题解析】1.（西宁）-It s a lovely day today. Lets go and have a picnic, ?A. will you B. shall we C. aren t you D. don t we答案：B。根据Let s 的反意疑问句为shall we?的语法特征得知。2.（安徽）School

20、allow students at least one hour a day for sports.A. would B. might C. should D. could答案：C。考查表示“应该”的用法。A表“请求”，B为“可能”D 为“能够”。根据句意“学校应该允许学生每天运动一小时”，所以选择should.A. B. D三项没有此意。【易错知识点解析】shall用于第一人称表示征求意见，询问。多见于Let s反意疑问句shall we?的考查；should表示责任. 义务。意为“应该”。（六）will, would的用法【例题解析】1.（河北）Please bring your home

21、work to school tomorrow, Steven.OK, I .A. will B. wont C. do D. dont答案：A。 考查祈使句的肯定回答用will这一语法特征。2. （重庆）Ben, would you like to play football with us? , but I have to wash the dishes first.A. No, I cant. B. I dont want to. C. Yes, please. D. Id love to.答案：D。由暗示词but和 have to看出Ben很想去踢足球，所以应为肯定回答。Would y

22、ou like to询问动作时的肯定回答为I d like/love to。询问名词时的肯定回答多为Yes, please.【易错知识点解析】祈使句的肯定回答用will。否定回答用won t；would用来委婉询问。常考句型为Would you like to的肯定及否定回答。（七）情态动词的被动语态 【例题解析】1.（厦门）Attentions, please! All the mobile phones must before the meeting starts. A. turn off B. be turned off C. be turning off答案：B。 由主语mobile

23、phones与动词turn off的关系应为被动关系，手机被关掉，故排除A，表主动。根据情态动词被动语态的结构 must+be+过去分词，应选B。2. (辽宁)These books_out of the reading room. You have to read them here.A. cant take B. must be takenC. can take D. mustn t be taken 答案：D。根据主谓间的关系用被动语态，而且根据You have to read here. 判断“千万不能把书带出去。”【易错知识点解析】情态动词+ be +过去分词 （多考查can, mu

24、st should的被动语态） 【中考演练】I.单项选择。1. Mr. Wang _ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.A. mustn t B. may not C. can t D. needn t2. Must I saty at home, Mum? No, you _. A. needn t B. mustn t C. don t D. may not3. May I go to the cinema, Mum? Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 o clock. A.

25、can B. may C. must D. need4. John _ go there with us tonight, but he isnt very sure about it. A. must B. can C. will D. may5. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should6. You look tired now, you stay at home and have a rest. A. had to B. had better C. wou

26、ld like to D. would rather 7.I didnt pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games. I agree .You play like that any more. A. neednt B. mustnt C. may not D. wouldnt8.Our class won the English speaking contest. Congratulations! You be very proud of it. A. can B. need C.

27、 would D. must9. It seems that it is going to rain. Youd better the window open when you leave the house. A. not leave B. leave C. not to leave D. to leave10. I dont mind telling you what I know. You ,Im not asking you for it .A. neednt B. mustnt C. may not D. cantII. 用方框内所给的情态动词填空。will, can, may, m

28、ust, shall, cant, have to, be able to, mustnt, neednt 1. Must I finish my homework today?No, you _. 2. _ I speak to Mary? Mary Speaking. 3. This math problem is too hard. Nobody _ do it. 4. Can you speak Japanese?No, I _. 5. You _ stop when the lights are red. 6. You _ play football in the street. I

29、ts dangerous.7. Can you go fishing with me this afternoon?Sorry, I cant. I _ stay at home and look after my mother because she is ill.8. If you teach me English, I will _ speak it well.9. Dont look out of the window, _you?10. Lets go for a walk after dinner, _we?III按照要求进行句型转换。1. Wed better go to sch

30、ool by bike. （改为否定句） Wed better to school by bike.2. She has to stay at home on Sundays.（改为一般疑问句） _she _to stay at home on Sundays?3. Lets go camping. （改为反意疑问句） Lets go camping,_ _?4. Must I clean the room at once? （做否定回答） No, _ _.5. You must turn off the lights when you leave the room.（改为被动语态） The

31、lights must _ _off when you leave the room.IV. 根据汉语完成下面英语句子。1.外面下雨，你最好不要出去散步。Its raining outside. You not go for a walk. 2.过去我常常乘公共汽车去上班，但是现在我步行。I take a bus to school, but I walk now. 3.因为健康，他不得不去年戒烟了。 He _ _give up smoking for his health last year.4.我宁愿看电视，也不去看电影。I watch TV than go to the movies.

32、5. 因为物理很难，我不能学好。As physics is hard enough, Im not do well in it.6.我可以打电子游戏吗？不行，你必须首先完成作业。 I play computer games?No. You finish your homework first.7. 正在花园里的看书的那个男孩一定不是汤姆。我刚才看见他在教室里。The boy reading in the garden Tom I saw him in the classroom just now.8. 我不能戒烟，医生。为了你的健康，你不得不戒。I give up smoking, docto

33、r.For your health, Im afraid you . 9. 让我们今天下午去看电影，好吗？ Lets go to the movies this afternoon, ?10.如果我是你，我将去远足的。 If I you, I go hiking. 第十一章I. 15CACDC 610BBDAAII.1. neednt 2. May 3. can 4. cant 5.must 6. mustnt 7. have to 8. be able to 9.will 10.shallIII. 1. not go 2. Does, have 3. shall we 4. you neednt 5. be turned IV. 1. had better 2. used to 3. had to 4. would rather 5. able to6. May， must 7. cant be 8. cant，have to 9. shall we 10. were, would