图表写作(forstudents).ppt

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1、How to describe graphs and charts,Different kinds of charts,Table,注意抓住图表个性( characteristic)。不同类型的图表反映的信息重点不一样：柱状图的描写重点在于比较和对比； 曲线图重点在于描述曲线的上升与下降趋势，并对明显的高峰和低谷进行细节描写；饼状图应该依次描写，突出重点，如果有几个饼图，还应作对应的比较； 表格信息相对而言不很直观，应在仔细阅读之后发现其特点，找出突出鲜明的信息对比描写。,描述顺序,Paragraph I:（1）描述 趋势+细节； Paragraph II:理由+观点 Paragraph II

2、I:预测+解决方法,描述顺序,Paragraph I:（1）描述图表：趋势描写；（2）描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。 Paragraph II:（1）提出自己理由和观点；（2）细节性分论点（支持自己观点）。 Paragraph III:（1）预测未来和提出解决方法；（2）总结全文和表达作者自己观点。,Practice: Please write a composition based on the graph titled “Smoking Is on the Decline in Cancer City”.,gradual increase dramatic fall/sharp dro

3、p to bottom out steady drop remain steady sharp rise trough peak,Verbs: to increase; to rise; to move upwards; to go up; to climb; to soar; to shoot up; to peak Nouns: an increase; a rise; an upward movement; an upward trend; a peak,1. To indicate upward movement,Verbs: to decrease; to reduce; to dr

4、op; to decline; to go down; to fall; to reach a low point Nouns: a decrease; a fall; a drop; a low point,2. To indicate downward movement,to remain steady; to stay constant; to remain stable; to level off; to stabilize,3. To indicate no movement,4. To indicate a change in direction,to recover; to fl

5、uctuate,5. To indicate a change in degree,7. To indicate time,1.表示在某一时间点用“_”. E.g. The number was small _the beginning of 1920.,2.表示在两段时间之间用 E.g. There was a rise of 9 _1920 _ 1930.,3.表示一段时间用“ ” 或“ E.g. 1940至1950年间涨了10%。 1950至1960年间呈下跌趋势。 There was a rise of 10%_. There was a fall_.,at,at,between an

6、d.,between,and,during the periodand,over the periodand.”.,during the period 1940 and 1950,over the period 1950 and 1960.,8. To indicate increase / decrease,1. 增加/减少的数值用“_”表示. Rice production _ _ (1990年增加了10%) Crude oil production _ _. (1990年减少了10%),2. 增加/减少到的数值用“_”表示. Rice production rose by 10%_ (1

7、990年增长到了5000万吨） Crude oil production decreased by 10% _ (1990年下降到360万桶） .,3. 从多少增加或减少到多少用“_”表示. Rice production_. (从1989年的500万吨增长到1990年的550万吨） Crude oil production_ _ (从1989年的400万桶减少至1990年的60万桶）,by,rosed by 10% in 1990.,decreased by 10% in 1990.,to,to 50 million tons in 1990.,to 3,600,000 barrels in

8、 1990.,from to,rose from 5,000,000 tons in 1989 to 5,500,000 tons in 1990.,decreased from 4,000,000 barrels in 1989 to 600,000 barrels in 1990,9. To indicate times (倍数),1.倍数的增加用“_”或“_” 表示, _也可以省略. E.g. _ 生产量从1990年以来增长了5倍。 E.g. _ 生产量从1990年以来增长了500%。,（by)times,(by)percent,The production capacity has i

9、ncrease (by) five times since 1990.,The production capacity has increased (by) 500 percent since 1990.,by,9. To indicate times (倍数),1.倍数的增加用“_”或“_” 表示, _也可以省略. E.g. _ 生产量从1990年以来增长了5倍。 E.g. _ 生产量从1990年以来增长了500%。,（by)times,(by)percent,The production capacity has increase (by) five times since 1990.,T

10、he production capacity has increased (by) 500 percent since 1990.,by,2.倍数的比较: “是的n倍” 用_表示；“比大n倍”用_ 1995年的产量是1990年的5倍。 1995年的产量比1990年大5倍。, times as much as .”, times greater than .”.,The production capacity in 1995 was five times as much as that of 1990.,The production capacity in 1995 was five times

11、 greater than that in 1990.,Try your hand -1,Step One The following graph shows sales trends of a company between 1994 and 2000. look at the graph carefully and answer the questions below. Use the words and expressions in bold to help you.,Sales in $ Million,Questions:,1) In which year did clothing

12、sales and toy sales remain approximately the same? 2) During which period did clothing sales rise steadily? 3) During which period did toy sales decrease significantly? 4) During which period was there a slight increase in toy sales? 5) During which period was there a dramatic rise in toy sales? 6)

13、In which year did clothing sales reach a peak? 7) In which year did toy sales hit the lowest point over the seven-year period? 8) During which period did toy sales remain constant? 9) During which two periods was there a sharp drop in clothing sales? 10) In which year was there the biggest differenc

14、e between clothing sales and toy sales?,Questions:,1) In which year did clothing sales and toy sales remain approximately the same? 2) During which period did clothing sales rise steadily? 3) During which period did toy sales decrease significantly? 4) During which period was there a slight increase

15、 in toy sales? 5) During which period was there a dramatic rise in toy sales?,In 1997.,1997-2000.,1994-1995.,1998-1999.,1995-1996.,6) In which year did clothing sales reach a peak? 7) In which year did toy sales hit the lowest point over the seven-year period? 8) During which period did toy sales re

16、main constant? 9) During which two periods was there a sharp drop in clothing sales? 10) In which year was there the biggest difference between clothing sales and toy sales?,In 2000.,In 1995.,1996-1997.,1994-1995 and 1996-1997.,In 1994.,Try your hands 2,Describe trends in graphs,Try to describe the

17、following graph in your own words. Then match the following graphs with the corresponding descriptions.,a) Production fell considerably over the first three quarters, reaching a low of 20. Since then it has staged a partial recovery. b) Production has fluctuated all year. c ) Production started clim

18、bing steadily but remained at a level of around 70. Since then, it has fallen steadily. d ) Production grew more and more rapidly over the first three quarters but then reached a peak. Since then, it has quickly dropped. e) Production increased slightly at first, but then suffered a sharp drop in th

19、e last two quarters. f) Production grew rapidly in the first quarter, but reached a plateau of about 70. Since then it has remained more or less stable.,1,3,2,5,4,6,c,d,f,a,e,b,Try your hand -3,Step 2 Work in pairs: Graph 1 below shows a companys sales to South Asia over a one-year period. Describe

20、it to your partner, who should draw it on Graph 1. 2) Listen to your partners description of Graph 2 and draw it on Graph 2. 3) Compare the graphs you and your partner drew with the original ones.,Sales to south Asia ($ Million),Student :Graph 1,Exports ($ Million),Student A:Graph ,Sales to south As

21、ia ($ Million),Graph 1,Graph 1,The graph shows the fluctuation in a companys sales to South Asia over a period of twelve months. According to the graph, sales to South Asia increased steadily from 7 million dollars in January to 10 million dollars in May. After this , sales fell dramatically, hittin

22、g the lowest point in June at 6 million dollars. There was then a slight increase in July. Between July and September sales stayed constant at a little over 6 million dollars. There was then a sharp rise between September and November with a peak of 11 million dollars in November. After November sal

23、es decilned significantly to 8 million dollars.,Exports ($ Million),Graph 2,Graph 2,The graph shows a companys exports between 1995 and 2004. Exports fell steadily from 15 million dollars in 1995 to 14 million dollars in 1997. Then they went up sharply, reaching a peak of 17 million dollars in 1998.

24、 After this, there was a slight decline in 1999. Between 1999 and 2002 exports fell and rose evenly with a plateau ( 高原) around 2001 of 16 million dollars. There was then a steep fall in exports from nearly 17 million dollars in 2002 to 13 million dollars in 2004.,Homework,请在以下表格任选一个，以小组为单位，写一篇图表作文。作文大纲如下： 1.请描述图表 2. 说明引起变化的各种原因 3. 简单阐述仍然存在的问题并提出解决建议,Line chart,Bar chart,