专四英语整理资料

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1、综合辅导：专四整理资料(1) 主动 被动一般现在时 does is done 一般过去时 did was done 现在进行体 is doing is being done过去进行体 was doing was being done现在完成体 has done has been done 过去完成体 had done had been done 现在完成进行体 has been doing 过去完成进行体 had been doing 不定式 主动被动一般形式 (to) do (to) be done进行体 (to) be doing 完成体 (to) have done (to) have

2、been done完成进行体 (to) have been doing-ing分词 主动 被动一般形式 doing being done完成体 having done having been doneIt is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully conscious of how much you value him.（强调）Just as the soil is a part of the earth,so is the atmosphere.正如，也none other than意为“不是别人，正是”lenses镜

3、片glasses眼镜sights视野；风景crystals水晶，晶体You should have your eyes tested every year in case the lenses of your spectacles need changing.turn up出现，露面turn in归还，递交turn out原来是，证明是turn to求助于；求教于hang out 把挂出hang up 把挂起，挂断(电话)hang together 结合在一起hang round 闲荡collaborate合作，合著in collaboration with compile汇集；编辑gathe

4、r聚会，集会collect意为“收集；集合When Sarah and I collaboratedon an article for the school newspaper, we found it difficult to work together.fee费(如会费，入场费，手续费等)tax税，税款payment支付，付款premium津贴；酬金aid辅助器具translate变换，把转化成help帮助transfer移交，迁移support支持transplant移植(器官)tool工具transmit传染(疾病)，传达(知识)综合辅导：专四整理资料(2)prefer to do s

5、th. rather than do sth. 宁愿而不愿No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything there is going on in the world.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be (if there should be) a sudden loud noise.Henceforth 从今以后in the way意为“妨碍(某人)The students

6、 expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.动词expect后必须接动词不定式作其宾语understand better than. 对非常理解I understand better than most the enormous amount of preparation that staff must put in under pressure to meet the deadline.contribute to (doing) sth.有助于，促成Im sure your suggestion wi

7、ll contribute to solving the problem.It is no good doing sth做没用lest意为“以免”，后接虚拟语气should+动词原形She always put her medication on the top of the shelf lest the children should take it by mistake.attribute to把归因于contribute to有助于，促成on principle根据行为准则；按照原则in principle原则上；基本上When I got out of the car and walk

8、ed about among them, except for one old man who shook his head disapprovingly, they all began to cheer.except for除以外后接名词see that 留意；负责；务必except that 除去之外后接句子provided that 倘若，在条件下no(not).but.没有不no(not).without.没有不，除不no(not).unless没有就不not.until直到才 a point of honor 涉及名誉的事情in ones honor为某人的荣誉” on ones h

9、onor以名誉担保an honor光荣的人或事There is no one but knows it.没有一个人不知道此事。can not与副词too,enough, sufficiently, over, too much等词连用时，意为“无论怎样也不过分”，“越越”。You cannot be too careful.你越仔细越好。We cannot praise him too much.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。to know better than to do sth.表示责备应该知道不该做某事You should know better than to leave your l

10、ittle sister at home by herself.综合辅导：专四整理资料(3)might as well后接动词原形不妨，何不resort to (doing) sth.求助于She resorted to stealing when she had no money to buy foods for her children.It is a point of honor with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last mom

11、ent.on the market 上市，出售This house will probably come on the market next month.put up 宿夜put in度过，消磨（时间等）put down 写下，记录put on 上演，演出I put up with the Browns during my stay in New York City.suggest, propose, demand ,insist, recommend, command等动词后面的宾语从句中，应使用（should）+动词原形的虚拟语气。but for 意为“要不是”，它的典型使用就是在虚拟语

12、气的句子中He might have been killed but for the timely arrival of the ambulance.当turn为“行为，举止”时，常与good, bad, ill，evil连用。do sb. a good turn 做利于某人的事He did me a good turn by lending me ten pounds.Macs close resemblance to his brother made people mistake them for one another.technical技术的，技能的a patch of 一块below

13、 (智力、地位、军阶等)低于technological 技术学的，工艺学的a bunch of 一串under (尺寸、价值、数量、程度、标准等)少于，低于technique 技术，技能a pinch of 一撮beneath 在下方；(地位，级别等)低于，次于technology技术（学），工艺（学）a packet of 一包down 往下端 pay back 回报，报答pay for 为付出代价pay up 全部付清pay off还清债务；清偿欠(某人)的债务“If we fail to act now,”said Tom, “Well find ourselves paid back

14、in action later on.”“如果我们不能现在采取行动”，汤姆说，“我们会发现自己在以后的行动中得到回报”。限定词表示说话人评价的形容词表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词表示颜色的形容词表示国别、来源、材料的形容词表示用途或目的的形容词名词中心词。take it out on sb.拿某人出气固定结构Its not fair that you come home after a bad day at work and take it out on your wife and children.for fear that 后接虚拟语气，（should）+动词原形She put an ext

15、ra blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.have no business doing /to do something没有权力，没有理由做某事You have no business interfering with my affairs.综合辅导：专四整理资料(4)We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours works miracle.unless 引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来。lay up 因痛（或伤

16、残）卧床常用被动语态lay out摆出，展开lay by 储存lay down 牺牲，献出Mary will not be able to come to the birthday party as she is laid up with a cold.consist in在于，存在于rely on依靠，依赖be composed of由构成comprise 由组成；构成 She often says her greatest happiness consists in serving the handicapped children.live up to 遵守，实践（诺言，原则）live o

17、n以为生live through度过，经历过live with忍受；容忍We have a high regard for Prof. Joseph because he always lives up to his principles.我们十分尊重约瑟夫教授，因为他总是信守原则。The man sitting opposite me smiled dreamily, as if to remember something pleasant in the past.“as if +不定式”是一个常见的结构，意为“好像”。be to blame 是一个习惯搭配，意为“该受责备”。It turn

18、ed out that the children were not to blame for the accident.Setting up a committee might be a way to do/ of doing the project more efficiently.It pains sb. to see.意为“看到使某人感到痛心”。It pains her to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even afford elementary education.看到那片山区有那么多孩子连小学都上不起，她

19、感到很痛心。admit, appreciate, avoid, consale, defer, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, mention, mind, miss, quit, postpone, practise, resist, risk, (cant) stand, suggest, give up, put off等后面只能接动名词。That the sun and not the earth the center of our planetary system was considered as heresy by the church

20、 in the Middle Ages.太阳系的中心是太阳而不是地球这一事实被中世纪的教会认为是异端邪说。That引导主语从句，全句的谓语是was considered.Sometimes a bus conductor gets on the bus to check the tickets.(公共汽车售票员)My cousin Nancy is often in a poisonous mood; I suppose its because she is an only child.(独生子)just as.，so. 如同，也是”。Just as relaxation is an impo

21、rtant part of our lives, as is stress.正象休闲一样，紧张也是我们生活中的一个重要部分。in the case of.意为“在的情况下”；in case of 意为“以防，万一”We can make an exception in the case of John.我们可以把约翰的事作为例外。综合辅导：专四整理资料(5)wrapping paper 包装纸on end 连续不断地和表示时间的词连用at length 最后，终于in full 全部地in time 及时，不迟The two scholars worked at the task of wri

22、ting a preface to the new dictionary for three hours on end last night.那两位学者昨天晚上花了三个小时为新字典写序。I cant read the marks and notes Jim made in the margin. They are too faint. (不清楚的，模糊的修饰字迹。)Jack is very knowledgeable about wines.杰克对酒很在行。Be excused sb. from (doing) sth. 允许不(参加)某活动用被动语态I beg to be excused f

23、rom your nephews wedding.我请求不去参加你侄子的婚礼。He ought to attend the meeting, shouldnt he ?当should和ought to作“应该”之意时，可互换，表示推论。但在疑问句中一般不用ought to而用should,比如：Should we begin?而不会用Ought we to begin? make charges for是词组，意为对收费，索价。Doctors often make higher charges for their works than they should.医生们经常索取比他们应得的高得多的

24、费用。His name was on the top of my tongue, but I just couldnt remember.他的名字就在我嘴边，但我就是想不起来了。I caught a glimpse of the name of the book before she put it into the drawer.在她把书放进抽屉之前，我瞥见了书名。admission和admittance都是“准入”的意思，但admission常用于公共场所，admittance用于私人场所All too soon it was time to go back to school after

25、the Spring Festival.He handled the company in collaboration with his brother.他与他兄弟合作处理公司事务。Jean could be a very attractive girl but she pays no attention to her clothes. 这里第一句表示虚拟，后一句表示现在的真实情况。have a campaign,chance,courage,opportunity,right to do sth.To survive in the intense market competition, we

26、 must gear(使适合，配合)the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.In view of(考虑到，鉴于)his poor record in school, the board thinks that he should study hard.Shakespeare is the favorite of mine.We hadnt expected a power cut so we were astonished when the whole house was plunge

27、d into darkness. 我们并未料到会停电，所以当整个屋子一下子变得漆黑时我们大吃一惊。综合辅导：专四整理资料(6)Valid 有效的，合法的通常指证件等合法、有效operative指法津、法规，规定等“有效的” effective常指方法或措施有效，强调能达到预期效果efficient可以指人有能力或指某方法Before the tourists set off, they spent much time setting a limit to the expenses of the trip. 在游客出发之前，他们花很多时间设定旅途花费的限额。“Tina looks especia

28、lly pretty tonight.” “Yes, she always looks her best in a dress of that color.” dress指一切衣服；a dress表示一件女衫。 meet the demand of 满足(某人等)的需要meet the demand for 满足对的需要exposure of sth. 对的暴露exposure to sth. 暴露在According to the acoustics, continual exposure to noise of high intensity would lead to loss of he

29、aring.根据声学，持续暴露在高强度噪音下，会导致失聪。They will never reconcile themselves to their defeat. (甘心, 接受)The matter is not to be trifled with. 这个问题不可轻视。stumble upon偶然找到，发现While doing calculation for the project, the designers stumbled upon a new solution to a geological problem.在对工程进行计算时，设计人员碰巧找到了解决地质问题的方法。of lat

30、e 近来 (当这个词用于句中时，要用完成时态)They have visited the park of late.他们最近参观了那个公园。Id just as soon宁愿 (后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气)Id just as soon you didt take those important papers with you.我倒宁愿你没有把那些重要文件带在身上。The theme of the novel is that a persons fate is closely tired up with that of the whole country.个人命运是与国家命运紧密联系在一起的。

31、My brother has decided to become a policeman, come what may.不论发生什么事，我弟弟都决心成为一名警察。come what may相当于whatever may happen 不论发生什么情况 (固定用法,其中come是用动词原形，may有时也可用will替换,在这一用法中，主谓必须倒装)I wish to go home with you, may I?simulate假充，冒充stimulate刺激，激发be disgusted with对厌恶get acquainted with 开始认识某人，开始了解某事steal sth. f

32、rom sb. rick sb. out of sth骗去某人的东西rob sb. of sth抢劫某人的东西deceive sb. into doing sth.骗某人做某事。 “How much money do you need?”“Well, $200 will see me through.”“你需要多少钱?”“嗯，200美元可使我渡过难关。”综合辅导：专四整理资料(7)in line with 与一致，按照，符合The mayor didnt have time so far to go into it at length, but he gave as an idea about

33、 his plan. 市长还没来得及详尽地说明，但他向我们透露了该计划的总体构想。“What can I do for you, sir?” “I want a dimes worth of candy.” “你要买什么，先生?”“我要买十美分的糖果。worth of 某种价钱的份量 (用法：“币值s+worth+of+可数与不可数名词)buy sth. on credit 赊购Old Chinese are not used to buy things on credit and are likely to save as much money as possible. 老一辈的中国人不习惯

34、赊账，而有存钱的习惯。In 1776 the United States announced the Declaration of Independence to break away from the British Empire and became an independent country. 美国于1776年颁布独立宣言脱离英帝国的统治而成为一个独立的国家。“Would you send this message to Prof. Wilson?”“Sure, Ill be seeing him about something else in any case, so there w

35、ont be any bother at all.”“你能给威尔逊教授传个话吗?”“当然，我不管怎样也要见他说别的事情，所以一点也不麻烦。”“During last decade, there have been many changes in family life.”“Are these changes for the good or for the bad?”“过去十年来，家庭生活出现了许多变化。”“这些变化是更好了还是更坏了?”Tom was born in London on May 7, 1952 at 4:45 in the morning. (日期前用介词on，时刻前用at，上

36、下午前用in)accuse与of连用，而charge和with连用。He was charged by the police with breaking the law.throw light on 使更为清楚，阐明The new evidence threw some light on the case.be disappointed in表示对感到失望be disappointed with后应接指人的词be disappointed at后应接指东西的词。The student was disappointed in the prize awarded by the school. 这个

37、学生对学校发的奖金感到失望。that cost of living表示生活费用living expenses指生活开支(经费)，(复数形式)offset 抵销，补偿onset 开始，突然开始outset 开端，开始outlet 出口、出路。He has to offset his mean salary by living economically. 他不得不生活得很节俭以弥补可怜的收入。“How could you buy the whole flat?”“I bought it on account.”(赊帐)All living things must, by reason of (由于

38、)physiological limitations, die.所有生物都由于有生理极限而必须经历死亡。综合辅导：专四整理资料(8)lay sb. off 暂时解雇某人lay aside 储蓄，把某物放在一边lay out 展示，安排，布置lay down 制定、规定call on 号召call for 要求，需要call forth 唤起，引起call in 召集，召来When workers push together to organize themselves in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them off. 当工人们以工

39、会的形式自发组织起来，雇主要解雇他们变得困难。The medical report contains a multitude of(许多，大批) words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. 这份医学报告包涵了许多在日常对话中相对使用很少的单词。As a matter of fact, Saudi Arabias oil reserves are second only to(仅次于)those of Kuwait. 实际上，沙特阿拉伯的石油储量仅次于科威特。blow ones top 发脾气Mary b

40、lew her top when she found her husband drunk again.见到丈夫又喝醉了，玛莉大发脾气。cut off 切断cut short 中断cut into 侵犯(利益) cut up 切碎revel in 着迷，十分爱好relate to with 与相联系revert to 回到，恢复到revive in 在上复活sit on 开会讨论sit in 旁听sit down 坐下sit up 端坐The owner of the auto plant refused to raise the workers wages, saying that it wo

41、uld cut into the profit. 车厂老板拒绝涨工人工资，说那会减少公司利润。at the mercy of 在支配中a coat of 一层涂层a story of 一层楼a film of 一薄层 a pad of一层垫层bring forth 使产生bring forward 提出bring up 教育bring about带来，造成assume 假定，设想consume 消费presume 假设resume 重新开始综合辅导：专四整理资料(9)as best (one) can表示尽最大努力John has to prepare the mathematic exami

42、nation as best he can.约翰不得不尽最大努力准备数学考试none other than 不是别人(或他物)而正是 (一般用在以人为主语的句子中)The girl under the tree is none other than my sister.树下那女孩不是别人，正是我的妹妹询问别人对某事的想法、看法时-what do you think of.或How do you likeAfter much calculation they decided to give him the position of manager.经过深思熟虑，他们决定给他经理的职位。attend

43、 on / attend up 照料，侍候alternately 交替地alternatively 两者择其一地televise live实况转播mobilized 运动的，流动的，好动的mobile被动员的moved被移动的in good taste 大方，得体She decorated the room in good taste.get sth.across to sb.使某事被某人了解Michelle found it difficult to get his British jokes across to Australian audiences.米歇贝尔发现让澳大利亚听众听懂这些英

44、国笑语很困难。get over痊愈，恢复，淡忘on the spot在场，在现场be on location 在拍摄外景The news item about the traffic accident is followed by a detailed report made on the spot .Because there was little heat in the bed room, Even was cold most of the night.be worth doing sth. / worthy of doing sth. / worthy to be done 值得做某事s

45、et/put sb. right 使恢复健康be on good terms with 与和睦相处The store was jammed with people shopping for household wares.这家商店挤满了买家用品的人。That fellow excels at (擅长) long distance running.Vi.tip one s hat轻触帽沿以示敬意take ones revenge 报复be wary of提防，小心翼翼be confined to被限制be at a disadvantage处于不利地位be at an advantage处于有利

46、地位She walked 7 miles today in order to lose weight; I never imagined that she could walk so/that far.来源:考试大 - 专四专八 综合辅导：专四整理资料(10)He ordered the work to be started at once. 此处不定式做宾语补足语，因此使用不定式的被动形式。数词与名词连用时，它们的次序为“名词+基数词”/“the+序数词+名词” “When did Gertrude finally get to the theatre?” “Just before the

47、end of Act Two.” lose no time in doing sth. 立即干某事China started its space industry only in recent years, and should lose no time in catching up. 中国只是在近些年才开始发展航空工业，所以应该抓紧时间以期与世同步。The nurse was dedicate to (致力于) caring for the sick and wounded in the war.Youd better hang up this oil-painting on that ba

48、re(无装饰的)wall.During the heavy fog in the city, the traffic came to a standstill.城市大雾期间，交通暂时中断。Gathering of more than three persons were prohibited, supposedly in the name of law and order.(治安)Try some of this tobacco. You will say its second to none.不比别的差，最好的“As”表示在性质上一样，“Like”表示在外观上一样。Like every ot

49、her member of the team, John wore an official uniform in the victory parade.1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。2. be absent from. 缺席，不在3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded)心不在焉4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed in 全神贯注于=be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be

50、concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,8. of ones own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地9. in accord

51、 with 与一致out of ones accord with 同.不一致10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地11. in accordance with (=in agreement with)依照,根据12. on ones own account1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益2) (=at ones own risk) 自行负责3) (=by oneself)依靠自己on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of account 有.重要性.13

52、. takeinto account(=consider)把.考虑进去14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由) 15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for)解释, 说明.16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)18. accuseof(=chargewith; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb

53、. ; complain about) 指控,控告19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of,be used to)习惯于. 20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉综合辅导：专四整理资料(11)21. act on 奉行,按照行动;act as 扮演;act for 代理22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于23. adapt(for) (=make sth. Suitable for

54、a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除外26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的28. adjust.(to) (=cha

55、nge slightly)调节; 适应;29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for)的可能，留有的余地.30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.32. have an advantage over 胜过.have the advantage of 由于处于有利条件have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use o

56、f, profit from, harness)利用.34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致36. ahead of 在之前, 超过ahead of time 提前.37. in the air1)不肯定, 不具体.2)在谣传中.38. above all (=especially, most important of all)尤其是, 最重要的.39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计40. after all 毕

57、竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不;all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到.42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.43. answer for (undertake responsibility fo

58、r, be liable for, take charge for) 对负责.44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.45. be anxious about 为焦急不安; 或anxious for46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为向道歉47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁.appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力48. apply to sb. for sth.为向申请apply for申请;apply to 适用. 49. apply to 与有关;适用50. approve of (=consen

59、t to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成51. arise from(=be caused by) 由引起.52. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth.安排做53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出;arrive in 到达某地(大地方);54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because ofsth. done) 以为羞耻55. assure sb. of sth. (=try

60、 to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向保证, 使确信.56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做58. attend to (=give ones attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料59. attitude to/ toward 对的态度.看法60. attribute

61、to(=to believe sth. to be the result of)把.归因于., 认为.是.的结果综合辅导：专四整理资料(12)61. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.63. at the back of (=behind) 在后面64. in the back of 在后部(里面); on the back of 在后部(外面); be on ones back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起.65. at ones back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at ones back 有支持, 有作后台