2016年八下英语人教版新目标unit6-10知识点期末复习(整理版)

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit6 An Old Man Tried to Move the Mountains一、本单元重要语言知识点1.remind动词，提醒，使想起(1).remind sb +that 从句He reminded me that it was late.(2).remind sb of doing sth Henry reminded me of seeing the film.(3).remind sb to do sth Please remind him to get up early2.shoot意为射中，过去式为shot.而shoot at则为朝某人或某物射

2、击，只强调射击动作。He shot at a bird,but he didnt shoot it.3.moved与movingmoved意为受感动的，通常修饰人，而moving 意为令人感动的，感人的 ，通常修饰物。We are all moved by the moving story.4.a little bit意为有点儿，修饰形容词或副词，相当于a little.(1)a bit 意为有点儿。修饰形容词或副词的原型或比较级，相当于a little或a little bit. He felt a bit/little angry.(2)a bit of意为有点儿，修饰不可数名词，相当于

3、a little. There is a bit of/a little milk in the bottle.5.词义辨析:要点探究 instead 和instead of 的辨析1）. Instead of 作为介词短语，后面接名词、代词和动名词。意为：“代替做某事 ”。 例如： Lets play chess instead of watching TV. 我们来下棋，不看电视了。2）.Instead 意为代替。单独使用是做副词，常用于句末。 I didnt have breakfast so I ate an apple instead. 6.语法聚焦：要点探究 as soon as.

4、as soon as.一.就.；刚.就.; 连接的时间状语从句中，指未发生的动作，如：I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back。他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。As soon as I got to the stop,the bus started.我刚到公共汽车站，汽车就开了。注意：第一个as 是副词，第二个as是连词 7.探究一 marry用作及物动词，意为“嫁，娶”。1）.表示“与谁结婚”，常用于_结构。如：He married a rich man.2）. 表示“将嫁给”。常用于_结构。如，He married his daught

5、er to a businessman.3）.get be/ married为不及物动词短语，意为“结婚”。They got married last week.4）.be/get married to意为“和结婚”,相当于marry sb8.探究二 fit的用法1. fit用作动词，意为“适合，合身”，常用句式为fit sb.如：This coat doesnt fit me.2. fit用作形容词，还表示“健康的”，相当-常用短语：keep fit, stay fit9.探究三couple的用法couple是名词，意为“一对夫妻，两人，俩件事”。如：The couple next door

6、 are very friendly.注意：couple作主语时，谓语动词要用-。10.知识点一 unless 引导的条件状语从句Unless 连词，引导条件状语从句，意为，：除非.; 如果不.;除了.；常引导一个否定意义的真实条件句，有时也可引导非真实条件句。unless引导的条件状语从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主要用于下列情况。(1) 主句为肯定句You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.你要不快点就会错过车。(2) 主句为否定句I will not go unless I hear from him.如果我不收到他的来信，我就不

7、去。 11.探究一 感叹句的两种基本结构形式：1）.What引导的感叹句：What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！What a kind girl she is!What+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！What bad weather!What beautiful flowers they are!2）.How 引导的感叹句：how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！How fast he runs!3. ）What感叹句和how感叹句可以进行转换。What an interesting book it is!=How interesting the book is!

8、12.探究二辨析wear, dress, put on, be in1. dress做名词时，意为“衣服”，一般指女装，指女士长裙或礼服;做动词时，意为“穿衣服”。强调动作，后接人，即dress sb， dress oneself给自己穿衣服，get dressed穿好衣服。The boy is too young to dress himself.2. wear做动词，意为穿着，戴着，后接衣服帽子等。Kate is wearing a red dress today.3. put on意为穿上，强调穿戴的动作，后接表示衣服的名词。He put on his coat and went out

9、.4.be in意为穿着，强调穿着的状态，后接颜色，衣服，帽子等。这里的be in=wear13.知识点一 Nobody wanted to sound stupid.Sound此处为系动词，意为：“听起来”,其后常跟形容词作表语。常见短语sound like“听起来像”,常见“感觉”类连系动词：Look（看起来）,feel(摸上去)，smell(闻起来)，sound(听起来)等,后跟形容词或+名词。What he says sounds like a good idea.他所说的听起来像是个好主意。Those oranges taste good.那些橘子尝起来不错。 魔法记忆：14.探究一

10、 One year, the weather was so dry that no food would grow.一年，气候如此干燥，以至于没有食物能生长。sothat 如此以致于。 若从句是否定句时，可用tooto替换。The girl is so young that she cant go to school.=The girl is too young to go to school.这女孩年龄太小，不能上学。问：若从句是肯定句时，可用_结构替换，改为简单句。sothat和suchthat15.探究二Its leading us to that wonderful house mad

11、e of bread, cake and sugar. 它在把我们引向那座由面包，蛋糕和糖果做成的美妙小屋。【探究】1.此句中made of bread, cake and sugar作定语，修饰名词house;形容词wonderful也是house的定语。记忆 在英语中，大部分形容词作定语修饰名词时应前置，短语或句子作定语修饰名词时则后置。如：the young people in the room 屋子里的年轻人16.lead 及物动词，意为“带路，领路，领导”。过去式为led, 常用结构:lead sb to do sth带领某人做某事。如：He led the people to be

12、come rich.lead to通往，导致，引起。如：Too much work can lead to illness.All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。17.知识点一 sothat 和so that 的辨析1. sothat意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。句中的so是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词。例如： My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop. 我的双腿太累了以至于我都想停下来。 2. so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”。例如： He gets up early every morning

13、 so that he can catch up the early bus.他每天早晨早起以便能赶上早班公共汽车。 二、本单元重要语法一）单元语法:连词sothat, unless与as soon as的用法:【讲一讲】1. sothat意为“如此以至于.”，引导结果状语从句。句子主语是人He is so young that he cant go to school. 他年龄太小不能上学。在上述句子中，sothat引导的结果是否定的，可与too to或not +形容词/副词的反义词+ enough to do互换因此，He is so young that he cant go to sc

14、hool.= He is_ young _go to school . = He is not _ _ _go to school.另外，如果结果是肯定的，只能与“形容词/副词+ enough to do” 互换 。如：He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.=He is strong enough to carry the heavy box.句子主语是物The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.这个盒子太重我搬不动。上述句子在改为简单句时，要与too for sb to或not +形容词/副词的

15、反义词+ enough for sb to do互换,同时把最后的宾语去掉。The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.= The box is _ heavy_ _ _ carry.=The box is not _ _ for me to carry.2. 连词unless 意为“如果不， 除非”，引导条件状语从句。因此unless=_1)Unless it rains tomorrow, Ill go hiking with my father. 如果明天不下雨 ，我就会和我爸爸去远足。=_it _rain tomorrow, Ill go hiki

16、ng with my father.2)You will fail in English unless you work hard. = If you _ work hard, you will fail in English.unless和if引导的条件状语从句一样，也要遵循“主将从现”、“主情从现”、“主祈从现”的原则。3. as soon as意为“一就”，引导时间状语从句。主将从现：I will visit my uncle as soon as I get to Shanghai.我一到上海就去看我的叔叔。主过从过：He called me as soon as he arrived

17、 in Jinan.Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world?Section A1. about 9,600 ,000 square kilometers in size. 大小约9,6000,0000平方公里。【解析1】square adj. “平方米” , 用于数字后表面积。an area of 95 square meters 95平方米的面积 n , 正方形；广场Many old people like dancing on the square after supper.【解析2】in size = have /has an are

18、a of. （面积）大小2. 1, 025 meters deep 深1，025米【解析1】1,025 meters “深1,025米”【注】在英语中，表示事物的长、宽、高、深等时，主要有两种表达方式：结构1：“基数词 + 单位名词+ 形容词（long,wide,tall, deep等）”。如果数词超过1，单位名词要用复数形式。3. Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰比世界上任何山都高。【解析】 “any other +可数名词的单数” 任何其他的【用法1】any other “其他任何一个” ,后接

19、可数名词单数，指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他任何人或物, 通常用于比较级，多用于同一范围内相比较。 Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.【用法2】 “any other +可数名词单数” 可与 “the other + 可数名词复”互换，也可用最高级形式表达。Lucy is more careful than any other student in her class. (any other + 可数名词单数）=Lucy is more careful than the other students in her class

20、. (the other + 名词复数）= Lucy is the most careful student in her class.4. Its a lot bigger than the population of the US. （中国）人口比美国多对多。【解析1】a lot .得多；很多；非常【辨析】(1) a lot 很多，做副词短语，修饰动词，放在动词之后。相当于very much. It usually rains a lot at this time of year. (2)a lot of = lots of + 复数名词 =many +复数名词=much+ 不可数名词【解

21、析2】 population 人口；人口数量population做主语且强度整体人口时，谓语动词一般用单数，The population is increasing faster and faster. 当主语时“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词常用复数形式。 Three quarters of the population are workers. 表示人口的多或少时, 用large或smallThe population of China is very large. 中国人口众多 询问某国、某地有多少人口时, 用How large.?;How large is the popula

22、tion of your hometown? 你们家乡有多少人口? 提问有多少人口，常用“ what is the population of ?” What is the population of Canada? 加拿大的人口有多少? 表示 “某地有多少人口” 时，常用 “ has a population of ” 句型 India has a population of more than one billion.5. It has a much longer history than the US. （中国）比美国历史长得多。【解析】much 得多 （修饰比较级）类似的词还有：eve

23、n “更.” , a lot “很多；.得多” a little “比.一点”My classroom is a little bigger than yours.6. The US is not even 300 years old. 美国的历史甚至不到300年。【解析】even 甚至 (用在比较级前，表示程度）7. Feel free to ask me anything on todays Great Wall tour. 针对今天的长城之旅，大家可以自由提问我任何问题。【解析】 tour n. 旅行 tourist n 旅游者tour guide 导游【辨析】tour/ trip/ t

24、ravel/ journey 【记】 观光游玩用tour ，长途陆路用journey， 短途短期用trip，travel 用法最普遍，特别用于指“游记”8. How long is the wall? 长城有多长？【解析】how long 多长；多久 对长度提问 How long is the table? About 1.2 meters. 对时间提问，常用for或since引导的时间状语来回答。 How long does it take you to do your homework in the evening? For two hours.9. Wow，thats amazing!

25、哇， 真令人吃惊！【解析】amazing adj. 惊人的，令人吃惊的10.The main reason was to protect their part of the country. 主要的原因是保卫自己的国家。【解析】 protect v “保护” We should protect children.Protect sb./ sth from 保护某人/ 某物使其不受Protect your eyes from the sun. 不要让阳光伤害你的眼睛。11. As you can see , its quite tall and wide. 正如你所看到的，长城非常高，也非常宽广

26、。【解析】as conj.像一样，正如 （用来引导状语从句） I was surprised as he opened the door. 12. As far as I know, there are no man-made objects as big as this. 据我所知，没有任何一个人造物有长城这么长。【解析】as far as I know据我所知 as far as “就.来说，至于.” , 引导状语从句，强调范围或程度，常与动词know, see,等连用，可放在句首或句中。 13. One of the words most dangerous sports is moun

27、tain climbing, 登山是世界上最危险的运动之一。【解析】one of + the adj. 最高级 + 可数名词复数14. The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China. 喜马拉雅山在中国西北部。【解析】southwestern 西南方向的15. Of all the mountains , Qomolangma rises the highest and is the most famous. 在所有的山峰中， 珠穆朗玛峰最高，最有名。【解析】famous = well know adj. 著名的， 有名的16.Ev

28、en more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. （比这） 更严重的困难包括冰冻的天气条件和强烈的暴风雨。【解析1】include 包括；包含 include v 包括 including prep 包括（放在被包括的对象之前）【解析2】freezing adj. 冻冰的；结冰的17. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 并且越接近顶部呼吸越困难。【解析】take in 吸入； 吞入（体内）18

29、. The first Chinese team did so in 1960 , while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975. 1960年第一支中国登山队登上了顶峰，1975年日本的田部井淳子成为第一个成功登上顶峰的女子。【解析1】while conj. 然而 (连接并列句） He is a worker while I am a doctor. conj . 当.的时候，（引导时间状语从句） While I was doing my homework ,my mother came in .【解析2

30、】succeed v 成功，达到 success n 成功successful adj. 成功的successfully adv成功地 succeed in doing sth 成功地做某事19.Why do so many climbers risk their lives? 为什么这么多登山者愿意冒生命危险？【解析】risk ones life to do sth 某人舍命做某事take risks 冒险20. One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of diff

31、iculties. 最主要的原因之一是因为人们在面临困难的时候想挑战自我。【解析1】challenge v/n 挑战【解析2】in the face of 面对（问题、困难等）21.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神告诉我们， 我们应该从不放弃实现自己的梦想。 【解析】achieve v 获得；达到； 实现 achievement n 完成； 成绩achieve ones dream = ones dream comes

32、 true实现某人的梦想22. It also shows that humans can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature.它还告诉我们， 人类有时候比自然的力量更强大。【解析1】human n 人；人类 No human could live like this .没有人能这样生活。【解析2】force n 力量；【解析3】nature 不可数名词 “自然界；大自然” natural adj. 自然地 in nature 在自然界中Section B- Self Check1. This elephant weighs many

33、 times more than this panda. 这头大象的重量是这只熊猫的很多倍。【解析1】weigh v 称的重量; 重量是。 weight n 重量【记】 She weighs herself every day and wants to lose weight.【解析2】time “是.的几倍”主语 + 数词 + times + as +形容词+ as +被比较的内容Our new school is four times as big as the old one. 2. At birth, a baby panda is about 0.1 to 0.2 kilos. 刚出

34、生的小熊猫幼崽约0.1到 0.2公斤。【解析】at birth 出生时 （用作时间状语）_(出生时)， a baby panda is about 20cm long. give birth ( to sb/ sth) 生孩子；产仔3. A panda can live up to 20 to 30 years. 一只熊猫活20年到30年。【解析】up to 高达4. Lin Wei and the other panda keepers are preparing the milk for the baby pandas breakfast. 林微和其他熊猫饲养员们正在给熊猫幼崽准备牛奶作为

35、早餐。【解析1】the other 其他的 （指两个事物或两个人中的“另一个”， 后接名词时，表示“其他的人或物”；One. The other . （两者中）一个.， 另一个.来源:学【解析2】preparefor 为准备5. At 9:00 a.m, they find that most of the babies are already awake and hungry. 上午9:00的时候，他们发现大部分熊猫幼崽已经醒来并且饿了。【解析】awake adj. 醒来 （反义词）asleep 睡着的 She was awak all night.V. 唤醒；使醒来 = wake up T

36、he noise awak me. 6. When the babies see the keepers, they run over with excitement and some of them even walk into their friends and fall down! 当熊猫幼崽们看到饲养员时便激动地跑了过来，有些甚至撞倒它们的伙伴，绊倒在地！【解析1】run over 撞倒；跑过去 run ran run running runner赛跑的人【解析2】excitement 激动；兴奋exciting形容词，表示令人兴奋的；使人激动的，指人、事、物本身让人兴奋、激动 Het

37、oldusanexcitingstoryyesterday.excited形容词，表示兴奋的，指人、物对.感到兴奋，是（主动地感到）兴奋的excitev (使)兴奋 excitement n 激动；兴奋 AreyouexcitedaboutgoingtoBeijing? be excited about 对感到激动 【解析3】fall down 跌倒fall “落下，跌落，降落”，指在重力的作用下落下，或失去平衡而跌落The leaves fall in the autumn. fall over“向前摔倒、跌倒”。7. The baby often die from illness and

38、do not live very long. 熊猫幼崽常死于疾病，并且活不久。【解析1】die v. （延续性动词） be dead 死，死亡 death n. 死，死亡dead adj. 死的 dying adj. 将死的A. die B. death C. dead D. dieddie from + 外因 “死于”，主要指事故等方面的外部原因。die from a traffic accident 死于交通事故 die of + 内因 主要指疾病、衰老、情感等自身原因die of hunger/an illness 饿/病死 【解析2】illness 疾病；病ill /sick 共同点：

39、生病的；有病的 不同点：ill adj.生病的；有病的作表语，不能作定语 be ill in hospital sick 作表语/作定语，病人a sick man 或the sick,She is ill / sick in bed. 她卧病在床。She is looking after her sick father .她在照顾她生病的父亲。8. Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. 成年熊猫每天花12个小时来吃掉大约10公斤的竹子。【解析】spend (in) doing 花

40、时间做某事 9. But then humans started to cut down the forests, and there was less bamboo for the pandas. 但是后来人类开始砍伐森林，导致可供熊猫吃的竹子越来越少。【解析1】cut down 砍伐；砍倒cut down 砍倒，减少，降低，缩短 The little boy cut down the young tree 【解析2】less 更少的less是little（小；少）的比较级： He spends less time (in) doing experiments. 他做实验花时间较少。“les

41、s+形容词或副词”构成劣等比较，作“较不”，“更不”解。 It is less cold than it was yesterday. 天气不如昨天那样冷。10. Scientists say there are now fewer than 2000 pandas living in the remaining forests. 科学家们说现在只有不到2000只大熊猫生活在幸存的森林中了。【解析】 There be + 名词（短语） + ving. 某处有某人或某物在做某事There is a truck collecting rubbish outside.11. Another 200

42、or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries. 另外的200 只左右生存在动物园或中国和其他国家的研究中心。【解析】another +数词 另外的, 再12. We all hope that in the future there will be a lot more pandas than now.【解析】there be句型的将来时13. Another reason for fewer and fewer pandas is because people are cutting down fore

43、sts so pandas have fewer places to live and less bamboo to eat.熊猫越来越少的另外一个原因是因为人们砍伐森林，所以可供熊猫居住的地方越来越小，可供其吃的竹子也越来越少。【解析】比较级 +and +比较级 越来越Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?1.重点词语:要点探究 yet / alreadyalready 通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前，be动词、助动词之后。例如： We have already cleaned the classroom. 我们已经打扫了教室。y

44、et用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中表示“还（没）”。例如： Has he found his watch yet?No, not yet. 2.语法聚焦：要点探究 Steve, have you decided yet which book to write about for English class? 斯蒂夫，你已经决定英语课写哪本书了吗？which book to write about 意为“写哪一本书”，此处为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。I cant decide when to start. 我不能决定何时动身。I am thinking about how

45、 to deal with the problem. 我正在考虑怎样处理这个问题。拓展 常用于此结构的疑问词还包括疑问代词who, whom, what 及疑问副词when, where 和 how。He taught me how to pronounce it. 他教我如何发音。I didnt decide where to live. 我没有决定住哪儿。3.小贴士： 要点探究 It was really good, so I couldnt put it down. put down 意为“记下；放下”，为“动词+副词”型短语，宾语若为代词，应放在put 与 down 中间。B.核心句型

46、预览：1. Have you read Little Women yet? Yes, I have./No, I havent.2. Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? Yes, she has. She thinks its fantastic.3. Have you decided which book to write about yet?Yes, I have. Ive already finished reading it. It was really good.1.词义辨析:要点探究 one the other, some the others 的

47、辨析1. one the other 为固定搭配，用于两者之间，意为“一个另一个”。例如： He has two sons. One is a doctor, the other is a student.他有两个儿子。一个是医生，另一个是学生。2. some the others用于三者或三者以上，意为“一些其余的”。例如： Boys are on the playground. Some are playing basketball, the others are playing football. 男孩们都在操场上，一些正打篮球，其余的正在踢足球。 2.语法聚焦：现在完成时 (Prese

48、nt Perfect Tense)1) 现在完成时的定义：（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Its so dark. 太黑了。Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。（2）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，so far等时间状语连用。I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。（从2003年开始

49、，持续到现在还住这儿）2) 现在完成时的构成及句式转换：助动词 have/has + 过去分词否定 havent / hasnt 疑问 Have you? / Has he?a助动词新疆 I have finished my homework. (肯定句)I have not finished my homework. （否定句）Have you finished your homework?Yes, I have. / No, I havent, （一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答）3) 动词过去分词的变化规则：一般情况下加-ed；以-e结尾的，加-d；以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加-ed；重读

50、闭音节单词，双写辅音字母加-ed。4) 现在完成时的标志：常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。Have you ever been to Japan?I have just finished my homework.for + 时间段；since + 过去的时间点；since + 段时间 ago；since + 一般过去时的句子。They have known each other for five years.Since he was a child, he has lived in E

51、ngland.。B.核心句型预览：1. Sarah hasnt been to Nashville yet, but it is her dream to go there one day.2. She has already read a lot about the place and done some research on it.1.词义辨析:要点探究 success 、succeed、 successful和 successfully的辨析success：名词，意为“成功”succeed：不及物动词，后常接in doing sth.。succeed in sth. “在某事上取得成功

52、”； succeed in doing sth. “成功做某事”。successful: 形容词，意为“成功的”。successfully: 副词，意为“成功地”。2.语法聚焦：要点探究 The number of records he has sold. 他已售出的唱片的数量the number of 意为“的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。The number of visitors to Hong Kong has now increased.现在去香港参观的人数已增加。试一试：辨析 the number of 与 a number of 中考链接 （2013贵州安顺）In our

53、school library there _ a number of books on science, and in these years the number of them _ growing larger and larger.A. are; is B. is; are C. have; are D. has; is 1.词义辨析:要点探究 sothat 和so that 的辨析1. sothat意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。句中的so是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词。例如： My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop. 我的双腿太

54、累了以至于我都想停下来。 2. so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”。例如： He gets up early every morning so that he can catch up the early bus.他每天早晨早起以便能赶上早班公共汽车。2.语法聚焦：要点探究 Have you introduced this singer / writer to others? 你把这个歌手/作家介绍给他人了吗？introduce 此处作及物动词，意为“介绍”。introduce sb. / sth. to sb. 意为“向某人介绍”Let me introduce my fri

55、end to you. 让我给你介绍一下我的朋友。Please let me introduce this new cell phone to you. 请让我向你介绍一下这款新手机。3.小贴士： 要点探究 have (has) been 和 have (has) gone 的区别have (has) been 表示“曾经到过某地”9 Have you ever been to a museum?unit10 Ive had this bike for three years一、语言知识点1. -How long have you had that bike there?-I have had

56、 it for three years辨析：how long, how soon, how often, how farHow long 多久，多长（时间）。对时间段提问，如：for+时间段；since+过去的时间点。e.g. -How long have you worked in Beijing? -For five years.How soon 多久以后。对“in+时间段提问，常用于一般将来时”，其答语常用“in+时间段”。e.g. How soon will Mr. Li be back? -In a week. How often 多久一次，对频率提问，其答语为：once（twice

57、/）+时间段，always，usually等。e.g. -How often do you exercise? - Once a day. How far 多远，对距离提问，其答语是表距离的内容。e.g. -How far is it from here to your school? - Three kilometers.辨析：for 与sincefor其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语，可用于多种时态，表示动作或状态持续时间段长短。e.g. I have lived in this city for five years. 我在这座城市居住了5年了。 He usually sleeps

58、 for twelve hours every day. 他通常每天睡12个小时。since 其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句（过去时），也可以接“一段时间+ago”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型：“It is +时间段+since+一般过去时的句子”。表示过去某个时间发生并持续到说话时的动作或状态。e.g. It is two years since I came to China. 自从我到中国以来已经两年了。 She has worked here for five years. =She has worked here since five years ago. 她在这儿工作5年了。2.

59、 Jeffs family is having a yard sale.sale用作名词，意为“出售，销售”，on sale意为“出售，上市”；for sale意为“待售，供出售”，尤指从主人手里出售。e.g. Chickens are on sale in the market. 小鸡在市场上出售。 Im sorry, its not for sale. 抱歉，它不出售。3. Amy thinks its hard to sell her old things.艾米认为卖掉她的旧东西很难。Its +adj. (+for sb.) to do sth. 意为“（对某人来说）做某事时的”，it 是形式主语，真正主语是后面的动词不定式。e.g. Its important for un to learn English well. 学好英语对于我们来说是很重要的。4. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.艾