新编大学英语Book2Unit5课后练习答案及课文翻译

《新编大学英语Book2Unit5课后练习答案及课文翻译》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新编大学英语Book2Unit5课后练习答案及课文翻译（7页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、Unit 5 Dreams课内阅读参考译文你做梦吗？1 梦，我们为什么会做梦？梦有意义吗？真的有梦中所见的事成为现实这种事吗？几千年来这些问题一直让人们感兴趣。过去几十年的科学发展对睡眠的自然过程有了较多的认识，然而对于与梦有关的诸多问题依然没有提供最终的答案，这些问题还要继续困惑我们。2 人人都做梦只不过有些人不记得做过梦罢了。人类脑电波的记录显示我们所有人入睡后就进入梦境。整个夜晚的大多数时间我们都在做梦，但只有当我们处在REM (眼睛迅速转动) 睡眠阶段时醒来，才会记住所做的梦。眼睛迅速转动阶段便是我们做梦的时候。每晚我们有四、五个REM睡眠阶段，第一次出现在入睡后的90分钟左右。此后，

2、梦期每90分钟复现一次，每次持续15到45分钟，持续时间随着夜晚的深入逐渐增长。3 睡眠的主要目的（除让我们休息外）也许就是让我们做梦让我们以一种截然不同的方式回顾我们的生活、我们的忧虑和希望，以及在潜意识中观察自我，把不再需要的资料从记忆中剔除。4 有些梦可能是由简单的生理原因引起的。例如，梦到在灼热的煤块上行走很可能是因为睡眠时脚太靠近取暖器。而梦到想跑但两腿却动弹不了这种令人沮丧的境况，也许是被子裹得太紧的缘故。闹铃响了而依然熟睡的人则很可能会梦到门铃或电话铃响。所有这些都是潜意识和意识共同引导和启示我们的简单例子。5 不过这些从生理的角度进行的解释尚不足以说明为什么我们会做梦。有些人认

3、为梦纯粹是无稽之谈，仅仅是人脑中电脉冲无的放矢的结果，然而，有些人则认为最简单的梦都具有重要的含义。6 有些梦反映的内心忧虑是立即可以识别的。梦见失去工作或者没了房子，也许是反映了真实的忧虑，即便这些忧虑只是潜意识的。我们大多数人都梦见过必须参加一门很难的课程的期末考试，也许是一门从未修过的，或许是学得很糟的课程。7 但是，有一些梦并没有这样明显的含义，这是怎么回事呢？多个世纪以来，男男女女都从所谓的解梦字典中寻找答案，这类字典最早的可以追溯到公元前5000年。根据这些字典，梦见喝酒意味着短命，而梦见喝水则预示长寿。8 一直到公元200年，解梦字典受欢迎的程度仍丝毫未减。当时，古希腊的阿尔米多

4、鲁斯写了一部长达五卷的书，解析了3000多个梦，列举了一系列的象征，诸如右手（表示父亲），左手（表示母亲），以及海豚（表示好兆头）。9 如今，图书馆和书店里有无数的书籍为梦做解析。对于那些热衷于探讨梦的人来说，它们依然深受欢迎。然而，多数专家警告说，读这些书时要非常谨慎。心理分析家兼作家肯尼思桑德斯解释说：“梦与每个人的思维密切相关，因此分析往往容易出现错误和偏差。我认为，只有当你了解了做梦的人时，才能发现梦的真正含义。” III. Post-Reading Reading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the Passag

5、e I. Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. (Para. 1)II. Dreaming and sleeping (Para. 2-3) i) When does dreaming occur? When we are in REM sleep. ii) What are the main purposes of sleeping? To give us rest and to allow us to dream.III. Possible causes of dreams (Para. 4

6、-6) i) Physiological. Example: Sleeping with ones feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals. ii) Reflection of inner fears. Example: Worrying about losing ones job may cause one to dream of losing ones job. IV. Dream interpretation (Para. 7-9) i) The earliest dream di

7、ctionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate a short life and drinking water to indicate a long life. ii) Artemidorus dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen). iii) Most experts warn that dream interpretations should be trea

8、ted with care. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) T 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) T 9) F 10) F 3. Comparing Views Samples I agree with Saunders opinion. First, different people have different social backgrounds and experiences. They may see the world in different ways. Second, I dont think

9、dreams are closely related to real life. So, its easy to make mistakes if you try to interpret someones dreams without knowing the person well enough. I think it is possible to analyze a dream without knowing the dreamer. If we share the same language and physical environment, we would have a lot in

10、 common, at least, for example, the nature of human beings. Of course, people have different ways of thinking, but it doesnt mean we cant understand each other. Im very interested in learning about dreams and ways of analyzing dreams. Vocabulary1. 1) explanation 2) enthusiasts 3) frustrating 4) popu

11、larity 5) unconscious 6) electrical 7) movements 8) recognizable 9) interpretation 10) countless2. Part A1) asleep 2) sleepless 3) sleep 4) sleepy 5) asleep 6) slept 7) sleeping, sleep 8) sleeper Part B1) submerged: go below the surface of the sea, river or lake （使）浸没，淹没 2) subculture: the behavior,

12、 practices, etc. associated with a group within a society 亚文化3) submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water 潜水艇4) subway: the passage under ground along which pedestrians can pass 地铁5) subzero: (of temperatures) below zero 零度以下的6) Subtropical: belonging to or relating to parts of

13、the world that have very hot weather 副热带的，亚热带的7) subspecies: a subdivision of a species （物种的）亚种8) subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence 低于正常的3. 1) progressed 2) puzzled 3) process 4) reflected 5) predict 6) advances 7) symbol 8) ancient 9) error 10) conscious 1

14、1) analysis 12) inner Translation1. You will see that what I am saying now will come true. 2. The lecture was so boring that half (of) the students fell asleep. 3. The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.4. His appearance has changed so much that you may well no

15、t recognize him. 5. The castle dates back to the 14th century. 6. She has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for her. After-Class ReadingPASSAGE I课外阅读参考译文Passage I成为现实的梦1 1965年11月7日的晚上，玛丽都特瑞做了一个噩梦。她忘不了那个梦，她的丈夫乔治也忘不了。她是这么讲述自己的梦的：“我梦见夜里自己在一座山上。电闪雷鸣。然后我看见天上一道亮光。巨大的

16、撞击声，然后我听到四处都是尖叫声。”2 玛丽说，她接着看见地上有一只手。她感到有些害怕，但还是走上前去。然后她看见了一只胳膊，胳膊的那头是疏疏落落的尸体碎块。她说，她在梦里尖叫起来：“快来人哪！”然后她看见一些人抬着一个大柳条筐。他们把尸体放进筐里，就走了。3 玛丽惊醒时还在叫喊着。“玛丽！”乔治俯下身，推推她。“怎么了？”他问。4 玛丽告诉他：“我刚才梦见你飞机失事死了。噢，乔治，求求你不要坐那趟去辛辛那提的航班。”5 玛丽求他不要去，但是乔治不听她的劝阻。然而，在他开车去机场的路上，乔治开始感到有点不对头。接着他看见一架飞机从头顶飞过，心慌得砰砰直跳。于是他明白自己不能坐那趟飞机了。他给机

17、场打电话，取消了机票。然后他给玛丽打电话，接着乘火车去了辛辛那提。6 那天晚上，383次航班试图在辛辛那提降落时遇上了暴风雨。飞机撞上了一座山。玛丽在电视上看到了有关的新闻报道。那情形就同她梦见的一模一样。她看见人们拿筐运走了尸体。但是她知道乔治没事。因为有了她那梦的预兆，乔治得以安然无恙。7 约翰布雷德利也做过类似的梦。他住在英格兰，是一位教师。他还是一位博物学家，喜欢带他班上的学生到校外考察旅行，了解大自然。8 一天晚上，他做了一个梦。这是在他安排了一次校外考察旅行之前一个星期发生的事。他梦见自己领着班上的学生走在一条乡间的小路上，边上就是教堂墓地。9 在梦里，布雷德利让两个男孩带队穿过教

18、堂墓地。他自己走在队伍的末尾，以便让小一些的孩子保持前进。然而，就在他们穿过教堂墓地的时候，布雷德利感到地面在震动。接着他听见了巨大的断裂声。然后，有个黑乎乎的庞然大物朝他砸过来。那是一棵巨大的榆树，正好兜头砸在孩子们的队伍上。10 这个梦使布雷德利非常不安。他觉得应该取消这次外出。他把这个梦告诉了班上的学生，但是他们都觉得他很可笑，而且都不愿意取消这次旅行。甚至其他老师也笑话他，跟他说不应该让孩子们扫兴。于是布雷德利同意出行。“但是你们必须答应我，”他跟他们讲，“往哪儿走你们只能听我的。”11 于是，他们出发了。当他们走到那条小路时，布雷德利不让孩子们改道穿过教堂墓地。有些孩子觉得这样做很蠢

19、，不过他们还是按老师说的做了。12 走到小路的尽头，他们面前是一座过河的桥。年纪大一些的男孩子停了下来，问：“老师，我们应该走哪条道？过河呢，还是走沿河的小路？”13 布雷德利停住脚步。他对那条小路有一种古怪的感觉。“过桥，”他告诉他们。于是孩子们开始过桥。接着，布雷德利听到了可怕的断裂声，同自己在梦中听到的完全一样。他回头一看，只见就在那条小路边上，一棵巨大的榆树摇摇晃晃，倒在了地上。他的预感应验了。孩子们面面相觑，然后看着自己的老师。如果刚才他们走那条小路的话，那么他们就正好在那棵榆树倒下来的位置上。 课外阅读参考译文Passage II梦出好心情1 根据最新的研究，每天晚上梦都可以调整你

20、的不良情绪。而且如果你情绪低落的话，你的梦也许会预示你是否会比较快地使情绪变好。2 早晨起床，人们自然会感到心情开朗，摆脱了头天晚上的种种烦恼。事实上，研究表明，好好地睡一晚上会改善健康人的心境。3 但是，对健康的人和心情沮丧的人而言，睡眠的效果却可能天差地别。情绪特别沮丧的人在睡眠后会感觉更糟，因为他们做的梦更抽象，更能搅乱人的心境。4 罗莎琳德卡特赖特博士是芝加哥拉什长老会圣卢克斯医疗中心睡眠研究中心主任，对梦的研究使她很想搞清楚我们的大脑如何通过梦来调整我们的心情，为什么这种能使人感觉良好的的心理机制在那些极度抑郁的人身上似乎不起作用。5 卡特赖特做了两项研究，在第一项研究中，先给那些身

21、体正常健康的实验参与者做一次情绪测试，并记录下他们在实验室一晚的睡眠情况，然后在他们早晨起床时再做一次情绪测试。在夜间，这些志愿受试者不时地被叫醒，要他们描述自己的梦境。受试者们被分成两组：一组在睡觉之前情绪平静，另一组则情绪不佳。6 卡特赖特发现，那些睡觉前情绪平静的人在醒来后心态没什么大的变化，而那些通常情况不消沉但睡前情绪不佳的人都说睡了一个好觉后感觉好多了。7 这个变化反映在他们的梦境里：据那些一夜之间心情有所改善的实验者反映，他们在睡眠初期噩梦较多，但随着睡眠的深入，这样的梦越来越少。而情绪平静的受试者在梦内容上没什么变化。8 “这项研究表明，情绪确实在一夜之间得到了调整。”卡特赖特

22、说，“如果你入睡时心情不佳，你的大脑会立刻开始准备噩梦材料，这样，到你快醒来时，你的不良情绪就已经有所调整。”9 接着，卡特赖特挑选了一些因为新近分居而情绪低落的夫妻作为实验对象，重复了以上的实验。其中一些不开心的病人随着夜晚的推移，梦里严肃的情感内容少起来了，比较轻松的话题多起来了；而另一些人在睡醒前做的烦心梦反而比刚刚入睡时更加多了。10 假设前一组实验对象每晚都在梦掉一些不良情绪，研究人员预测他们最终可以摆脱忧郁。他们的预测是正确的。后续研究表明，那组受试者中72%的人在一年后抑郁症状减轻了。11 “病人最可能记住的是晚上做的最后一个梦。”卡特赖特解释说。12 第一组病人积极地摆脱忧郁，

23、结果在天亮前做了比较愉快的梦，以致早晨起来心情变好。而那些梦境越来越不愉快的受试者醒来时则更可能情绪低落。13 这一发现还有它积极的方面。它使睡眠治疗专家可以预测哪些抑郁病人最需要帮助，还能启示他们了解最困扰病人的话题。14 “如果病人记住了一个噩梦，”卡特赖特说，“那么，不管梦到的是什么内容，它就是治疗专家该重点治疗的。病人显然无法调整自己的情绪，治疗专家应该对付之。” 这么一来，我们就可以把扰人的梦境转变成美梦。Part Three Further Development1. Vocabulary Review 1) A. natural: not involving anything m

24、ade by people 天然的，自然的B. neutral: having features or characteristics that are not easily noticed 不鲜明的，不明显的C. natural: to be expected; usual 合乎情理的，惯常的D. neutral: not saying or doing anything that would encourage or help any of the groups involved in an argument or war 中立的，不偏不倚2) A. shattered: (cause t

25、o) break suddenly into very small pieces （使）粉碎B. crashing: hit something or someone extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lot of damage or makes a lot of noise 撞击C. cracked: do something with a sudden sharp noise 劈啪地响D. crash: an accident in which a vehicle violently hits something els

26、e 碰撞E. crack: (cause to) break without dividing into separate parts （使）开裂3) A. ancient: of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time, or very old 古代的，远古的，古老的B. early: near the beginning of (a period of time), or before the usual, expected or planned time 早的 C. previous: happening o

27、r existing before the one mentioned 先前的，以前的4) A. sign: something which shows that something exists or is happening 迹象B. symbols: a shape or design that is used to represent something such as an idea 象征C. signal: a sound or action that you make in order to give information to someone or tell them to

28、do something 信号D. signs/symbols: a standard mark that is used to represent something 符号，记号5) A. view: state of seeing or being seen from a particular place 视野，视域B. vision: power of seeing; sight 视力 C. vision: an imagined mental picture of something 想象，幻想 D. outlook: your general attitude to life and

29、 the world (对生活、世界的) 观点，见解 E. view: personal opinion or attitude 观点，看法6) A. errors/mistakes: things done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgment 错误，失误 B. fault: if something bad that has happened is your fault, you should be blamed for it 过错 C. error: a moral wrong 道德上的错误 D. fault: something

30、 that is wrong with a machine, system, design etc, which prevents it from working properly 故障 E. mistake: by mistake is a fixed phrase7) A. confused: unable to think clearly 被迷惑的，被弄糊涂的 B. confusing: difficult to understand, puzzling 令人迷惑的 8) A. conscious: noticing the existence or presence of someth

31、ing particular 意识到的，知道的B. unconscious: in the state of having lost consciousness 失去知觉的C. subconscious: present at a hidden level of the mind 潜意识的，下意识的D. consciousness: the state of being awake, thinking and aware of what is happening around you意识，神志清醒2. Matching Symbols with Interpretations 1) D 2)

32、K 3) A 4) J 5) G 6) H 7) C 8) L 9) E 10) F 11) I 12) B 13) Falling down from a high place: it may predict a heart attack. 14) Eating spoiled (馊的) food: it may predict a stomach problem. 15) Choking (窒息): it may be caused by using a quilt that is too heavy. More symbols and their interpretations: Bei

33、ng dead: the dreamer may experience a new start in life. Getting lost on a journey: the dreamer is unable to see the future. Finding a lot of money: the dreamer is about to find out something hidden about himself. Wild animals: the dreamer feels attacked and wants a chance to show his real power and

34、 strength.3. Interpreting a Dream Sample One night, I woke up from a dream to check my watch. It said 1:00 PM and it was very bright outside. I was very scared since that morning was my first day of school for the new semester, and I was supposed to wake up before 7:00 AM. Oversleeping to 1:00 PM wo

35、uld have been terrible! I tried to get up and get out of bed. But I was unable to.instead, I went back to sleep again, and continued with my dream. Finally, I woke up and checked my watch. It was only 5:00 AM, two hours before the time for me to get up for class. It was still dark outside. Not until

36、 then did I realize that the earlier checking of my watch had happened in a dream.Part Four Writing and Translation2. Translation Practice梦是心灵的谈话人类至今尚未开启通往梦的世界的大门。尽管我们很多人意识到做梦的价值，希望了解我们在梦中的活动，但大多数人在睡眠中仍觉得象进入梦幻世界一样。有些人认为梦中的生活跟醒着的生活一样真实，而且在积极寻找方法控制睡眠时的思维活动，然而很少有人会将清醒时发生的事情跟梦中发生的事情联系在一起。心理学家和心理玄学家在二十世纪

37、九十年代普遍认为，我们的梦境包含着日常生活的内容。因此，学习记住并“挖掘”梦境是非常有用的。综观历史，土著居民们就曾特意集体漫游梦境以解决问题，或根据部落所梦见的未来生活设定方向。许多重要的科学发现就来源于梦境中发生的事件。3. Writing Sample A Nightmare I grew up in the country and life was hard at that time. I used to share a bed with my younger brother. We would often fight for space. One night, I had a ter

38、rible dream. In the dream, our village was occupied by foreign invaders. The invaders were taking away property and children from households. They set houses on fire and killed anyone who did not obey them. I managed to hide in a pile of hay. I could hear my heart thumping when I saw some foreign so

39、ldiers coming toward our house. I couldnt see them clearly because my eyes were covered with hay. I could hear them coming nearer and talking angrily. But I didnt understand anything that they said. Just then, I realized that one of my arms was not fully covered. I wanted to hide it but I dared not

40、move. Then one of the soldiers discovered me. I was almost scared to death. But still I didnt move. Then I felt a severe pain on my left arm. I was wounded by a soldier with a sword. I woke up and realized that I had just had a nightmare. But my left arm was hurting. My brothers leg had been pressing on my arm. (210 words)