高考复习：非谓语动词.ppt

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1、非谓语动词,在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。,谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 高考题点击： Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disapp

2、eared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing,D,一、形式,二、功能,to do,to be doing,to have done,to be done,to have been done,doing,having done,being done,having been done,done,三 判断过程 ： 根据非谓语动词的位置判断其充当的成分 根据成分进行功能比较 根据逻辑主语判断非谓语动词的主被动关系 根据与所在句子的谓语动词的比较发生的先后决定非谓语动词的时态,四 成分判定： Here you can see an old

3、church built in 1819 . 2. His excuse sounds to be quite convincing. 3. It took (us) five hours to get here. 4. She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery. 5. Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. 6. Can you tell me how to get to the station? 7. What I would sugg

4、est is to start work at once.,8. -What has made Tina excited recently ? -_ (admit) into a key university.,定语 表语 主语 宾补 状语 宾语 表语 主语,Being admitted,Here you can see an old church built in 1819 . 2. His excuse sounds to be quite convincing. 3. It took (us) five hours to get here. 4. She was glad to see

5、her children well taken care of in the nursery. 5. Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. 6. Can you tell me how to get to the station? 7. What I would suggest is to start work at once.,五、功能比较,（一）不定式、动名词做主语的区别：,1、动名词充当的主语一般表示抽象的、一般的、经常性的行为。,不定式表将来的特定、具体的一次性的行为。,2、在某些并行结构中，动名词和不定式是特定的对称结

6、构，一 般不能随意替换：,1）在句子主语和表语同时使用非限定动词时，两者必须一致， 不能交叉使用。,eg. Seeing is believing.,To learn is to use.,2)在某些It做形式主语的固定句式中,eg. It is no good / use drinking so much.,It is not easy （for Tom）to find a job.,注意：There is no need to do sth .,高考题点击： Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. A. hed like to collect coins

7、 as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure,在 and 连接的并列句中，两个主语要保持一致的形式。动名词 fishing 和 collecting coins 分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好，集硬币也给他带来极大的乐趣。”,D,（二）不定式、动名词作宾语的区别：,1、动名词表示一般的、经常性的行为，不定式表示特定的、具 体的行为。,eg. I l

8、ike swimming ,but I dont like to swim today.,2、一般介词后面不可用不定式作宾语，（except, but除外）,eg. He has no choice but to lie down and sleep.,I hate the kind of person who does nothing but look on.,3、及物动词后一般可用动名词或不定式作宾语，但,1)advise,consider,enjoy,escape,excuse,delay,deny,dislike,finish, keep,include,miss,mind,pract

9、ise,stand,suggest,risk, imagine,admit,cant help + doing,2)agree,dare,decide,hope,determine,elect,choose,expect,fail,long, manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,wish + to do,4、有些及物动词可接动名词和不定式，但意义不同。,remember forget regret,stop go on,try mean,need want require,1. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he

10、always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride rideB. riding ride C. ride to rideD. to ride riding,注意 prefer 的几个常用句型： prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth. prefer + n. to + n.,c,2. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. A. set upB. se

11、tting upC. have set upD. having set up 3 . - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? - The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving makingB. to solving made C. to solve makingD. to solve made,B,B,要特别注意 to 的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。 admit to

12、，be accustomed to ， be used to ，stick to ， turn to，devote oneself to ，be devoted to，look forward to，pay attention to, get down to 等,（三）非谓语动词作表语的区别： 1. 不定式作表语表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式 2. 动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。 3. 分词作表语起到形容词的作用,eg. Our plan is to finish the work at once.,Her job was

13、looking after the pigs.,His report is interesting.,The cups are broken.,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make,B,动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及 not to make it more difficult 都作 purpose 的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特 别注意两个问题，一

14、是并行结构问题，二是时间问题。,不定式作定语表示将来， 要后置； 现在分词作定语表动作正在发生，动名词作定语表其性能，用途； 过去分词作定语表动作发生过；,eg.a meeting to be held tomorrow,a meeting being held now,a meeting held yesterday,a sleeping car,a sleeping boy,a room to live in,a broken cup,（四）非谓语动词作定语的区别：,非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别： 不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构： 在 time, chance, right 等名

15、词后； 在序数词后； 在 wish, need, demand, requirement 等词后。 B)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法： done 表示已经完成的动作 to be done 表示尚未开始的动作 being done 表示正在进行之中的动作,高考题点击： 1. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt,该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很

16、香”用来作定语修饰 主语 flowers。,B,2. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangsD. being hung 3. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosenB. to choose from C. to chooseD. for choosing,B,B,hang 作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂”；作不及物动词用时 表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang

17、 为不及物动 词，所以用现在分词作定语。,动词不定式 to choose from 和 to choose 都可以作定语，问题 是 to choose 作定语时该名词是 choose 的对象；to choose from 作定语时，该名词是 choose 的范围。该题指的是范围.,动词不定式作补语表示经常习惯性的动作，或动作全过程 现在分词作补语表示动作正在发生 过去分词作补语表示被动,发生过,eg. see Tom dance in the room everyday see Tom dancing in the room now see Tom beaten by his father,（

18、五）分词、不定式作补语的区别：,Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning,使役动词 make sb. do sth. 但改为被动语态后，则应为：be made to do。注意使役动词和感官动词后的补足语中不带to的动词不定式在被动语态中要加to。,B,高考题点击： The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (95 N) A. not to

19、B. not to doC. not to itD. do not to,A,为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to. 有些动词后面需要用带to的不定式作宾补，常见的还 有：adviseallowcauseconsider encourage forbid forceintendorder permitpersuade remind request requireurge warn ask wish want 等 特别注意： hope, agree, demand, sugg

20、est 等没有宾补。,（六）不定式和分词作状语的区别：,1. 不定式作状语通常表示目的、结果（only to）、及形容词后作原因状语。,2. 分词作状语表示时间、条件、原因、或伴随方式。,eg. To get there on time， I got up very early.,Guided by the Party, he found the right way.,Being very small, computers are widely used.,You are brave enough to raise objections at meeting.,1. _ in thought,

21、 he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To lose 2 . _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given 3. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hopedB. hopingC. to

22、 hopeD. hope,lose oneself in sth. 表示“陷入”，主语 he 为 lose 的宾语。,given 作状语意为“考虑到”，意思相当于 considering。,注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的 to get 。,C,A,B,六 根据非谓语动词的逻辑主语判断主被动关系,_ (cheat) by others made him angry. _(see) from the tower , we can find a beautiful garden . _(see) from the tower, the garden looks ver

23、y beautiful . According to the survey _ (conduct) recently , our society is faced with the crisis of honesty . It is not easy for us to _(finish) the task in a month . The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry) out the next year.,Being cheated,others,we,the garden,survey,u

24、s,plan,Seeing,Seen,conducted,carried,finish,非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，非谓语动词用主动形式，是动宾关系，用被动形式,七 非谓语动词时态的判定：,非谓语动词与谓语动词同时或之后发生，用一般式 非谓语动词发生在谓语动词之前用完成式 动词不定式正在发生用进行式,高考题点击： 1.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having goneC. goingD. to have gone

25、2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studiedB. to study C. to be studyingD. to have been studying,D,A,would love to have done 表示本想去做，但没做成。,本题的关键是“what country he studied in”，由此可知事情发生在过去。,3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything.

26、 A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen,本题中母亲被告知真相显然发生在以前，所以你现在没有 必要再隐瞒了。,remain 后接 to do，此处 it 指代的是后面的主语从句。他们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。,D,

27、B,独立主格结构 名词/代词+分词/不定式 /形容词副词/介词短语 特征： 1. 独立结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不同，独立存在。 2. 名词/代词和后面的分词/不定式 /形容词副词/介词短语之间是主谓关系。 3. 独立主格结构与主句之间有逗号隔开。 The test finished , we began our holiday = When the test was finished , we began our holiday . Whether permitting , we are going to visit you tomorrow. = If the whether permits

28、 , we are going to .,1. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (02 上海春季) A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled,with + n. / pron. + O.C. 构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。用 settled 表示已经解决了的问题；用 being settled 表示正在被解决的问题；用 to be settled 表示将要被解决的问题。而此处的 to set

29、tle 是用来作定语修饰前面的 problems。,C,1. With a lot of work to deal with, the new president was quite busy. 2. With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty in finding his house. 3. With her hair electrified, she looks older than her age. 4.With more and more trees being cut down, the animals will finally find no place to live.,with + n./ pron. + doing / done / to do sth./ adj. / adv. / 介词短语,解题步骤总结： 先特殊（对称，分词作介词连词），后一般 根据非谓语所在位置判断成分。 根据成分决定非谓语类型 先语态，后时态,Good-bye!,练习错误： 主语： 宾语：68，78，（特殊情况的记忆） 表语：7，41，（时态判定） 定语：28，34，71,76，（时态，主被动） 状语：12，20，47，64，65，80，（时态，主被动） 补语：18，30，45，46，59，（主被动）,