英语四级选词填空技巧.ppt

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1、选词填空Banked Cloze,Background Information,选词填空题是大学英语四级考试的新题型，考测综合能力，占整个考试分值不高。 选词填空题的文章长度在220250词左右，要求从给出的15个词中选择10个填入合适的空中。,在设计时并非拿来一篇短文随便去掉几个词, 首句不设空；一句话中不设两空；设空比较均匀，基本覆盖整个段落；设空不影响考生对文章大意的理解； 选项所提供的词皆为实义词，包括：名词、动词、形容词、副词、分词等，它们与文章的上下文紧密联系； 每个正确选项大都有干扰项，相互干扰的选项之间不是同义词或近义词，就是同词性的词。,设计者一般遵循以下原则 :,完型填空和

2、选词填空的比较,选词填空特点： 1. 近义词辨析不多， 2. 固定搭配不多 3. 词性辨析比较容易 4. 题目设计的原则是首句不设空，一句话中不 设两空，设空比较均匀，基本覆盖全文 .,选词填空难点： 1. 词性可能会变。 2. 错一题，可能会错两题。,特点和难点,第一句话完整，常为句子大意. 15选10，常考名词、动词、副词、形容词、连词. 关键是从语法角度确定选词处的词性，然后进行辨别。 篇章选词=语法+词性,考点,2006.6 厄尔尼诺现象 2006.12 女性融入职场推动经济发展 2007.6 疼痛对人产生的影响 2007.12 “和平学校”缔造和平教育 2008.6 接受挑战，相信自

3、己可以创造奇迹 2008.12 读书的意义 2009.6 其实写作并不难 2009.12 父亲对孩子语言能力发展的影响比母亲要大,题材分析,选词填空要求,熟悉选项、通读全文、把握文章结构与大意的前提下，根据所提供的词汇及句子的结构、语法和语篇等信息，通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定答案。,选词填空时间安排:四步,时间分配：7分钟 = 25 18（18 分钟留给Section B的两篇常规阅读，选词填空题要给出7分钟） firstly：Scan全文：1 M 1分钟 (也可scan 第一段明确全文的主旨) secondly：标注词性 1m (not necessarily) thirdly：选词填

4、空： 4m fourthly：回顾检查 1m,选词填空时间安排:第一步,第一步：Scan全文：快速扫描文章，预测缺省信息的词性，对个别题目作出预测 (1分钟) 主要关注文章中涉及的人物、事件、地方、原因以及结果。 (Theme , key words, and key points) Scan 全文的时候，有些很明显的答案可以先选择。,选词填空时间安排:第二步,整理选项：标注词性，预先分组 (1分钟) 对于熟悉的单词的词性心中要有数，或简单标明。 对于动词与名词同形的词，做个特殊记号。如 a/an/the +_; vt +_.(2)空格后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词); _+ 谓

5、语动词(3)空格前面是介词的，空格充当介词宾语，应填入名词或动名词。,2. 确定空格为动词(1)空格前面已经有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的主语，空格处应为及物动词; 主语n/pron +谓语vt+宾语 n/pron(2)空格前面是名词/代词，后面没 有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词; n/pron + 谓语动词vi (3)空格前面是名词/代词，后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配; n/pron + 谓语动词 +adv/prep (4)空格前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词; n/pron + link v + adj (5

6、)空格前面有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形;若to是介词，应填入动名词。 (1）-（4） 为句中所需的谓语动词，有时态、语态和人称的变化，（5） 为非谓语动词,3. 确定空格为形容词: 修饰名词或表示状态(1)空格后面为名词，空格处应填入形容词; _ + N.(充当宾语或主语) (2)空格前面是副词，空格处应填入形容词; adv+_ （充当表语或定语） (3)空格前面是系动词，空格处应填入形容词作表语. Be ,become, fall ill, keep silent, look/seem tired, grow old, 4. 确定空格为副词: 修饰动作或状态的词(1)空格前面为动词

7、，空格处应填入副词;(2)空格后面是形容词，空格处应填入副词。,Context 中的逻辑关系？,常见的逻辑关系词如下：(1)并列关系：and, or, as well as 等(2)对比或转折关系：but, however, on the contrary, rather than,though 等(3)比较关系：as . as, like, similarly等(4)因果关系：because, for, since, as a result of, therefore, thus 等(5)举例关系：for example, for instance, such as, and so on 等

8、(6)递进关系：whats more, moreover, in addition 等,确定词性 (名词) 实例,前为冠词：Passage 1, blank 1.(P1B1) This is, however, a _. P4B3: we keep putting off a _ that we are force to take up. P3 B4: as they grow older, the _gradually diminishes. 前为形容词： P1B8: It may have been a sharp_ of the pupils technical abilities in

9、 writing.,misunderstanding,task,amount,criticism,充当主语（前面同时又是冠词） P3 B10: The _ for human beings is probably about a week. 介词宾语： P4B10: In such a _ , I work as hard as I can . （前面同时又是冠词） P2 B 10: you go by the other persons _. P3 B 2: annoyance and problems are seen in a better _. （前面同时又是冠词） * 复数代表一类人

10、 P3B3 谓语动词为sleep , 主语需要第三人称复数形式或与之相应的名字形式。选项：,Limit,situation,demand,perspective,infants,确定谓语动词实例,P3B6: Napolean, Toamas Edison and Charles Darwin apparently _ only four to six hours a night. （分析：时态过去时。唯一选择： averaged.这一句缺少谓语） P2 B5 They _”assertiveness training”courses. (有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词，此处缺少一个谓语动词，

11、第三称的复数形式。跟course搭配。),offer,在Passages中找更多的例子,P1B5 encourage P1B9 had failed (谓语动词的一部分，完成时) P3B1 disapears P4B5 We 和it之间缺少一个动词， postpone. P5B5 share P5 B6 interviewed P5B10 might be involved. （被动语态） (谓语动词在我们的5个passages的选项中，几乎占1/5),确定非谓语动词实例,P2B9: you start to _ your own good sense. P2 B7: In one way,

12、learning to speak out is to _ fear.,doubt,overcome,More examples of infinitives,你能在5 passages 中找出更多的需要非谓语动词（不定式）中需要动词的句子吗？ P1 B6 express P2B4 help people _ themselves. P4B2 compound P4B8 prevent 不定代词在所给的5篇50个选项中比例超过1/10.,确定选项为形容词实例(系动词),P1B7 This work is _.(terrible) P2B6 They learn to be more _ wit

13、hout hurting other people. (active) P4B4 Either because it is too _ or it is too difficult. (tedious) P4B9 Here we are not _ to get started but (reluctant),确定选项为副词 1,修饰动作的词 P2B1 Have you ever been afread to talk back when you were treated _. 选项E F 均为副词，要找一个修饰treated.,unfairly,确定选项为副词2,修饰形容词 P1B3 The

14、re are ,however, _ different ideas about how to teach it, or how much 分析：此句不缺少任何主要的句子成分（主谓宾），只缺少一个修饰different adj的词,表示different的程度之广。 “Vastly “为正确选择。另一个副词干扰选项为”specifically”. More example : P4 B 6,The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed U.S. society in many ways. M

15、any in-home jobs that used to be done_47_ by women-ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to do ing _48_ work-still need to be done by someone .Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a _49_ that has changed the target market for many products. Or a working woman may face a crushin

16、g “poverty of time “ and look for help elsewhere , creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals, child care centers, dry cleaners, financial services, and the like. Although there is still a big wage _50_ between men and women, the income working women _51_ gives them new independence and bu

17、ying power. For example, women now _52_ about half of all cars. Not long ago, many cars dealers _53_ women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands. Now car companies have realized that women are _54_ customers. Its interesting that some leading Japanese car de

18、alers were the first to _55_ pay attention to women customers. In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars - the Japanese society is still very much maleoriented. Perhaps it was the _56_ contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.,解题须知,所谓语感，就是对语

19、言的感觉，它是在平时学习和阅读中形成的一种潜在的语言能力。有时候是你无法解释理由，但你的选项是正确的。,固定搭配：在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，诸如，我们所说的idoms等。但是，对固定搭配的另外一种理解是这种搭配很常见，比如：汉语说“学知识”，而英语不说“learn knowledge”, 而是“acquire knowledge”; 还有，要描述 rain 很大，我们用heavy修饰；当我们说heavy traffic是表示交通拥堵。此外，非常重要的一点是注意小品词，即我们通常所说的to, in , on , at ,from等等,因为在某种程度上，它们能给我们关于选择项的提示

20、。如：my for her moved her . (attitude ; love),the income gives them new independence and buying power. For example, women now _ about half of all cars. 正向并列：buying 同义词暗示 purchase.,对复杂句的结构分析能帮助我们对句子的成分更加清晰，能清楚地确定空格处所需填入词汇的词性，甚至可能的意思。,上下文逻辑关系也对选项产生影响。大家需要关注形式上的逻辑关系和意义上逻辑关系。所谓形式上的逻辑关系就是我们通常讲的因果，让步，递进等；而意

21、义上的逻辑关系就是以语篇表达的意思为线索，前后文中，意义上存在那些关系。比如说，描述一个人的心情的变化，心情好时，应该使用的是积极词汇，而心情不好时则使用消极词汇。当然，形式和意思之间存在紧密联系，不能割裂开来。,逻辑联系：并列关系,P3B1 During sleep, the fatigue of the body _ and recuperation begins. 选项： 由and 连接的并列句。需要动词，与主语fatigue一致，所以选单三形式的现在时： 全篇只有一个这样的词，无干扰项。 答案 ：disappears.,对比或转折关系,P1 B1 There is a popular

22、belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. This is , however, a _. 作者的写作方法是先立（popular belief）后破(however)。作者用了however表示转折, 证明popular belief is wrong belief. 表示wrong belief 的词 一要名词，而要词义相符。 所以选择答案为： misunderstanding.,P4 B 7 The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not _ to app

23、ly. 选项应为： 1 形容词， 2， 词义与obvious形成转折，明显的，但是不见得是轻易接受的。 答案：Easy .,并列+因果,P5 B 8 Others hoped that by helping someone now, they would deserve care when they bacame old and _. Analyze: 1 需要一个与old并列的形容词。 2 需要帮助，不仅仅因为是old, 还因为他/她生活无法自理。 从词性和词义上，选 F dependent.,如何利用context 内容来确定选项,Context中的名词、代词等词，有前指或后指的功能，也有

24、彼此解释的功能。E.g 1: P2 B 8 But AT uses an even stronger _-the need to share. Analyze: “the need to share ”是对an even stronger 的内容的解释，证明这个even stronger 的内容也是一种need, 想要分享的感觉是一种 motive. 愿望，动机。,E.g 2: P3 B 10 这个选项需要从整段的context中去推测。 Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep. S

25、everal people have reached more than 115 hours, nearly five days, whereas animals kept awake from five to eight days have died of exhaustion. The _ for human beings is probably about a week. 分析： 研究者试图发现人可以不眠的how long. 发现动物5-8天就到达了死亡：不眠的极限。 所以这里所缺的选项是表示人如果一周不眠则到达极限：limit.,Similarly,分析词性、句中的逻辑关系以及cont

26、ext不仅在选词填空中非常重要，此类解析方法也可延伸至close test. 在阅读理解和听力理解中也可以帮助我们predict what we are going to hear. 因此： banked cloze 是一道学生英语综合能力的考查题。,limiteddetermining,1)Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in _49_ a persons well-being.

27、2) Decades ago, there were only a _55_ number of drugs available, ,(specialize)(complain) (bring),1.In particular, when older patients _ of pain， they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. 2.The rainfall is increased across South America， _ floods to Peru. 3.Thats why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who _ in pain medicine、,