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1、 英语基本成分和句型结构Consolidation: Write down the words according to these given phonetic symbols英语有多少词类?名词 (n.) 如 book, computer, water.代词 (pron.) 如 I, you, his.动词 (v.) 如 come, write, bring.形容词(adj./a.) 如 happy, surprised, clear. 副词 (adv./ad) 如 here, today, happily.数词 (num.) 如 four, sixty, fourth.介词 (prep.
2、) 如 on, under, about.连词 (conj.) 如 and, or, when.冠词 (art.) 如 a, the.感叹词 (int.) 如 oh, ouch, dear.词类学习要点Translation: 今天他值日。妈妈非常喜欢我。这辆车不是我的，是汤姆的。2. 动词分为四类：实义动词（及物动词，不及物动词），系动词，助动词，和情态动词。1.Tom works in this factory and works a new machine. 2.My uncle runs a big shop. 3.The girl looks happy and looks happ
3、ily at everyone. 4.You neednt buy a walkman but you need a new record. 5.Her mother stays young and stays at home every day. 6.Our manager hasnt come because she has a few guests to receive. 7.Do you often do your homework at home?3. 动词原形不能做主语 帮助他人的确是一件快乐的事情。 Help others is really a pleasure.()4. 副词
4、修饰？ The girl speaks English very good. The farmers treat us very friendly. Most of us very like English.句子基本成分主语 是一个句子所叙述的主体，是动作的发出者，一般位于句首。(一) 主语： 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this clas
5、s are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 谓语 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。1.I dont like the picture on the wall. 2.The days get longer and longer when summer comes. 3.Do you usually go to school by bus? 4.What
6、 I want to tell you is this. 5.We had better send for a doctor. 6.He is interested in music. 表语 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。1.Our teacher of English is an American.2.The weather has turned cold. 3.His job is to teach English.4.His hobby is playing footbal
7、l.5.Soon they all became interested in the subject.6.Time is up.7.She was the first to learn about it.8.Three times seven is twenty one.宾语 表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面1.My brother hasnt done his homework.2.People all over the world speak English.3.They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. 4.How m
8、any new words did you learn last class?5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.(五) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Giv
9、e it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明，才能使句子的意义完整。(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语1. I found the book interesting.2. Do you smell something burning?3. He made himself known to them.4. She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.5. He a
10、sked her to take the boy out of school.6. She found it difficult to do the work.7. They call me Lily sometimes.8. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.9. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?10.We must keep it a secret.简单句的五种基本句型基本句型一： S + V (主谓)基本句型二： S +V +P (主系表)基本句型三： S +V +O
11、 (主谓宾)基本句型四： S +V +IO +DO (主谓间宾直宾)基本句型五： S +V +O +C (主谓宾宾补)主语 不及物动词 S +V She came主语 及物动词 宾语 S +V +OShe likes English.主语 系动词 表语 S +V +PShe is happy主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语S +V +IO +DOShe gave John a book She bought a book for me.主语宾补动词宾语宾语补语S +V +O +CShe makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the p
12、assage指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside. In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. There, the air is fresh and the water is clean. I can hear birds singing in the green trees. I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake. All this gives me a lot of happiness. So I want to go to the countryside for a change.
英语基本成分和句型结构
