谓语动词-虚拟语气.ppt

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1、第一讲：谓语动词,第三节： 虚拟语气 主讲：Anne,重 点,一、明显虚拟条件句(if条件句) 二、含蓄虚拟条件句（特殊词和结构） 三、Should+动词原形,英语的动词一般有三种不同的语气： 陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。 不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。,陈述语气用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。,祈使语气用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。,虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，是与客观事实相反的主观设想。,If I were you, I would not leave her alone.,I got up earl

2、y this morning.,Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,陈述语气,虚拟语气,祈使语气,判断：以下句子使用何种语气,一、if条件句,条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句,真实条件句使用陈述语气，表示假设的情况有可能发生,非真实条件句使用虚拟语气，表示假设的情况不可能发生, 或者可能性很小,If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.,If it rains tomorrow, well stay at home.,非真实条件句,真实条件句

3、,判断：以下句子是真实条件句还是非真实条件句,If +过去式, would do,If I were you, I would try it again.,1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。,2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。,If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.,一、与现在事实相反,I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him. had known B. have known C. knew D. know,C,If +had done, would+have d

4、one,If he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam.,如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试了。,二、与过去事实相反,1. If Bob _ with us, he would have had a good time. A. would come B. would have come C. had come D. came,C,三、与将来事实相反,If he came/ were to come/ should come here tomorrow, I would tell him.,如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.,If + did

5、(were to do/should do), would do,1. If you _tomorrow, you _ find the new manager working in the office.,should come; would would come; would C. will come; should D. comes; might,.- If he _, he _that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.,A. was warned; would not have taken B. had be

6、en warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken,. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going .,A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented,1) If you _ (be) in my p

7、lace, you would do the same thing. 2) If I had learned English well, I _ (be) able to talk with native speakers. 3) If you _ (visit) our school tomorrow, you would see how beautiful it is.,4、用括号里的动词的正确形式填空,were,would have been,visited/should visit/were to visit,If条件句中的应用,had done,did/were,1. did,wou

8、ld have done,would do,2. were to do,3. should do,四、当if被省略的时候： 在虚拟条件句中，如果含有were, had, should, 可将if省略 然后，将were, had, should放在主语前，构成倒装句式。,Were I you, I would try it again.,2. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.,Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.,1. If I w

9、ere you, I would try it again.,3. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,EXERCISE,_ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. If he took B. If he should take C. Were he to take D. Had he taken 2. _, I

10、should ask them some questions. Should they come to us If they come to us Were they come to us Had they come to us 3. _ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions. If I realized Had I realized Did I have realized that As I realized,D,A,B,含蓄条件句,有时假设的情况不用if从句，而是通过其他方式表现出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件

11、句,without, but for, or, otherwise, with, under等词经常出现在含蓄虚拟条件句中,一、含蓄词,1. But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier.,2. Without the storm I would have arrived much earlier.,3. She came here yesterday, otherwise /or I would not have met her.,4. I would have attended the meeting, but I have bee

12、n too busy.,5. Without you, I would never know him.,7. I would be most glad to help you, but I am busy now.,6. But for your cooperation, we wouldnt have done the work so well.,8. I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!,用括号里的动词的正确形式填空 1. I _ (come) to your party, but I didnt have time. 2.

13、Without electricity, human life _ (be) different.,would have come,would be,二、含蓄句型,1.Wish that 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as you. I wish that I had a plane. 2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had done I wish I had been to the concert last night. I wish you had written to him.

14、 3)与将来事实相反 : wish + would+do I wish he would forgive me.,Exercises:,1. “ Have you visited the Science Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _.”,A. had B. did C. have D. will,2. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.,A. was B. were C. had been D. went,3. Tom can take his car apart and put it

15、back together again. I certainly wish he _me how.,A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach,2. would rather + did,1. I would rather you _ (pay) me now.,2. I would rather you _ (come) tomorrow.,paid,came,3. I would rather you _ (not tell) her the news yesterday.,hadnt told,3. If only,1. I

16、f only I _ (know) his name now! 2. If only we _ (follow) your advice last time! 3. If only I _ (see) him again next year!,knew,had followed,saw,现在和将来:,过去时,过去:,过去完成时,4. Its (about/high) time +that -,过去时,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we went to bed.,考题点击： It is time that you _ the whole book. A.must go over

17、B.can go over C.went over D.have gone over,C,二、含蓄句型,5. as if, as though引导的状语从句 现在、将来：用过去时； 过去：用过去完成时; It seems as if the man were his brother. This device operated as though it had been repaired.,1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.,A. breaks B. has broken C. were bro

18、ken D. had been broken,2. The actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _ a young man.,A. is B. will be C. am D. were,3. The clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _rain.,A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. would,4. We felt as if we _ each other for years. A.knew B.were know

19、ing C.had known D.have knowing,5. He talks as if he _everything in the world. A.knows B.knew C.had known D.would have known,Should do,1. It is that（should）do,1. 过去分词,过去分词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed,It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.Its suggested that everybody (should) buy

20、a dictionary.,2. 形容词 形容词:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better, proper, funny, strange, surprising,It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now. Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient.,3. 名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder）,考题点击： Is it necessary that he _ the exam

21、ination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take 2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told 3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed,D,B,B,1. It is important that we (master)

22、a foreign language. 2. It is a pity that you (be) so careless. 3. Its necessary that we (study) hard.,( should ) master,should be,should study,2. 坚持，命令，建议 一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求,1). insist,2). order, command,3). advise, suggest, propose,4). demand, require, request, desire,1. I dont think it advisable

23、 that Tom _to the job since he has no experience A. Be assigned B. is assigned C. Will be assigned D. has been assigned,C,A,3. The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life. A. had B. would have C. have D. was going to have,2. His mother insisted that he _ the co

24、at when going out. A. Put on B. puts on C. To put D. putting on,B,考题点击： 4.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try 5.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C. help D. had helped 6.My suggestion is that a few more people _

25、 there to help me. A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent,A,C,A,1）insist 表示一个主张或一种看法，用虚拟语气； 表示一个事实，用陈述语气。,Mike insisted that he _ never _ (steal) anything. Mike insisted that he _ (leave) for London now.,注意：,had,stolen,should leave,2）suggest 作“表明，暗示”时，用陈述语气； 作“建议”时，用虚拟语气。,His pale face sugge

26、sted that he _ (be) ill. He suggested that we _ (finish) it before dark.,was,(should) finish,3. lest, for fear that和in case 1. She closed the windows lest she catch cold. 2. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _. may explore B. exploded C. explode D. had explode,C,考题点击：,1.I went to bed ear

27、ly last night,but I wish I so. A. didnt do B. hadnt done C. havent done D. couldnt do 2.How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will had D. had had 3. The teacher ordered that students_. A. mustnt smoke B. not smoke C. smoked D. had smoked 4.The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. finish C. should finish D. be finished,B,B,B,D,Thank you,