2023届高考英语二轮复习介词考点精讲精练 讲义 （含答案）

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1、介词考点精讲精练 讲义一、方位介词1. among， between一般来说，among用于三者或三者以上的“在中间”；而between主要指两者之间。among表示范围时，还可表示“在之中”。【考例1】 Their wings can bridge the gap _ lines， resulting in electrocution（电死） if they touch two lines at once.解析：根据句中的bridge the gap，lines可判断填between，表示线与线之间的距离。【考例2】The city psychology cafes， which offer

2、 great comfort， are _ the most popular places. 解析：the most popular places是解题的关键，说明很多，所以用among。2. in， on二者均可表示“在上”。on侧重于表面接触，而in侧重于接触的深度。英语中的某些习惯表达常用in或on。若打击某人的脸、嘴、眼、胸、腹等部位，用in；若打击的是头、额、鼻、颈、肩、腿等部位，用on。【考例1】Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them _ the walls of the classroom. 解析：张贴到墙上应用介词on。【

3、考例2】 A train driver threw a piece of coalat one of us， hitting him _ the eye.解析：打在眼睛上，用介词in。3. across， through二者均可表示“穿过”。across表示从表面穿过，through表示从空间的里面穿过。【考例1】Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds， see _ walls， or have superhuman strength may sound silly. 解析：根据句中的Dreaming与have superhuma

4、n strength可判断出，本空应用介词through。【考例2】 Once called the Garden of Amsterdam， it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk _ the surrounding forests. 解析：根据“walk _ the surrounding forests”的意思“漫步在周围的森林”，可知应用through。4. in， on， to， off四个词都表示两地之间的方位关系。in表示在某范围之内；to表示在某范围之外；on表示“毗邻”“接壤”；off强调两地隔着一

5、段距离。【考例1】Nicholas did the only thing he could he huddled（蜷缩） _ his cave and slept. 解析：根据“蜷缩在洞中”可知填in。【考例2】As we all know， Japan lies _ the east of China.解析：日本与中国不挨着，判断用to。二、时间介词1. at， in， on， atat表示时间的一点、时刻等，如at 9：00， at noon；也可以表示短暂的一段时间，如at Christmas；in表示在某段较长的时间内（如世纪、朝代、年代、月份及泛指上午、下午和晚上）；on表示具体的日

6、子或一个特定的时间（如某日、某节日、星期几），也可以表示特定的上午、下午和晚上。【考例1】Taxis _ a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.解析：“在纽约一个下雨的夜晚”，为具体的时间，所以本空应填on。【考例2】 I have read half of the English novel， and Ill try to finish it _ the weekend. 解析：at the weekend “在周末”，故填at。【考例3】My grandfather still plays tennis now and then， e

7、ven though hes _ his nineties. 解析： in his nineties意为“在他九十多岁”，再根据句意可知填in。2. in， afterin表示时间，意为“在之内”；如表示“在之后”，所在句子用一般将来时，同时后面必须是一段时间。after表示时间，意为“在之后”。通常“after+时间段”，与一般过去时连用；“after+时间点”，与将来时连用。【考例1】I told her she shouldnt swim _ a whole nights coughing.解析：a whole nights coughing为时间段，同时根据句意可知应填after。【考

8、例2】I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend many more _ the coming years. 解析：the coming years是将来的时间，同时根据后半部分句意可知应填in。3. for， from， sincefor后面接时间段，表示行为或状态持续了多久；from后接时间点，表示行为或状态的起始点；since后接时间点，不仅表示行为或状态的起始点，而且还强调该行为或动作从起始点一直持续到说话的时刻，因而常与延续性动词的完成时连用。【考例1】Excuse me， which

9、 movie are you waiting for？The new Star Wars. We have been waiting here more than two hours.解析：根据“We have been.more than two hours.”的意思，可知本空应填for。【考例2】I tried to hold off at first， I played it cool _ a short while.解析：根据后半部分的意思“我沉着冷静了一会儿”可知，本空应填for。三、表示工具、手段、方式的介词1. by， in， on三个词都可以表示旅行的方式。（1）不涉及交通工具

10、的名词时，用by，名词前没有冠词。如by sea， by water， by land， by air等。（2）涉及交通工具的名词时用by，但名词需要用单数，其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。如by bike， by car， by bus等。（3）当旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前用冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如on my bike， in a black car等。注意：步行、骑马、骑骆驼等需要用on。如on foot， on horseback， on a camel等。【考例】The towns harbor was already full of ice， so i

11、t couldnt come _ ship. 解析：by ship“乘轮船”，为固定短语。2. with， inwith用于有形的工具或者身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。如with our eyes， with a pick等。in后面接的词表示原料、颜色、语言、钢笔、铅笔等。如in Chinese， in ink等。【考例】Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India， for example， most people traditionally eat _ their hands. 解析：根据后面的their

12、 hands可知本空填with，意思是“用手”。3. 注意以下固定短语：on/over the telephone/radio 通过电话/广播； in this/that way用这/那种方式； by this/that means用这/那种方式；with this/that method用这/那种方式。【考例1】But now that information is being spread and monitored（监控） _ different ways. 解析：根据different ways可知，本空填in。【考例2】Today，I heard another his song _

13、 the radio.解析：表示“通过广播”，通常用介词on或over。四、表示原因的介词1. for多与表示情感的抽象名词以及reason， famous等词连用。2. of用于某些形容词之后，后接与感情相关的人或事。3. over常用于带有感情色彩的动词，如cry， quarrel， laugh， sigh等，讲述所发生的事情的原因。【考例1】In general， they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason _ this is biological.解析：reason通常与介词for连用，故本空

14、应填for。【考例2】And then，weeks later， I counted， re-counted and jumped _ joy. 解析：根据“因为高兴跳了起来”，可知本空应填for。五、表示支持、反对的介词against意为“反对”，指在观点、主张等方面与某人采取对立的态度。此外，against还有“逆着，依靠，在衬托下，与比赛”等意思。for意为“赞成，支持”，指在观点、主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度。此外，还有“对于”的意思。【考例1】A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice _ those

15、wanting a good nights sleep. 解析：根据“对于那些希望睡一晚好觉的人来说”可知，本空应填for。【考例2】They help the body defend itself _ some kinds of infections.解析：根据句意“它们有助于身体自我保护，避免一些感染。”可知，应填against。六、其他常考介词1. besides， except， but， except forbesides意为“除之外（还有）”；except意为“除之外（不再有）”，通常可以与but互换，但如果后接副词、介词短语、when从句时，不能用but。except for意为

16、“除了”之意，它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思。如The composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes.【考例】Honestly speaking， we have lots of other things in common _ music.解析：句子中的other很关键，故用besides。2. with的用法with用法繁多，成为高考热点。其主要用法如下：表示“和在一起，和，跟”；表示“带有”，表示伴随的意思；指原因或理由；用在“with+宾语+宾补”这个复合结构中。【考例1】Suddenly，

17、he saw a car _ its bright lights on. 解析：此处为“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构，所以本空填with。【考例2】 The menu is Italian， _ excellent meat and fresh fish， pizzas and pasta（面食）. 解析：“with excellent meat and fresh fish， pizzas and pasta（面食） ”是对菜单的解释说明，所以本空填with。3. beyond的用法表示“（时间）过了，比晚，迟于”；也可以表示“（范围）超过，为所不及”。【考例1】_ a certain p

18、oint， though， further stress will only lead to exhaustion， illness and finally a breakdown. 解析：further stress很关键，根据句意可知本空应填Beyond。【考例2】The number of cities producing CO _ the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .解析：beyond the standard“超过标准”，为固定短语。4. as与likeas意为“像”“如同”“当作”，可以与the same，such，as连用；li

19、ke意为“像”。【考例1】 .universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment _ that of the home. 解析：the same通常与介词as连用，故本空应填介词as。【考例2】We start with small talk， a polite conversation about something _ traffic or weather.解析：根据句意“我们从聊天、礼貌的交谈开始，谈论一些像交通或天气这样的事情。”可知，本空应填like。5. 名词与介词

20、的固定搭配后接介词to的名词：access， approach， attention， answer， apology， attitude， devotion， entrance， introduction， journey， key， visit。后接介词in的名词：expert， interest， pride， trouble， problem。后接介词on的名词：congratulations， effect， influence。to后接情感名词，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”：to ones delight/horror/joy/surprise/amazement/sorrow/r

21、egret【考例1】Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals _ humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.解析：句中effects与介词on搭配使用，故本空应填介词on。【考例2】It was really annoying； I couldnt get access _ the data bank you had recommended. 解析：get ac

22、cess to为固定短语，意思是“接近，获得，可以使用”，故本空应填to。【考例3】_ my surprise， I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. 解析：to ones surprise意为“使某人惊讶的是”，为固定短语，故本空应填To。6. 常考介词短语介词与名词的常用搭配at a loss， at breakfast， at Christmas， on show， by accident， by nature， in a

23、nger， in comfort， in fear， in secret， in place， in advance， out of date， out of order， under discussion， with ease， with satisfaction等。【考例1】The dictionary is _ date： Many words have been added to the language since it was published. 解析：根据“自从出版以来，增添了很多词汇。”可知，“这本字典过时了”。out of date意为“过时”，为固定短语。故本空应填out

24、 of。【考例2】We require the students full details at least 4 weeks _ advance. 解析：in advance意为“提前”，为固定短语，故本空应填in。形容词与介词的常用搭配be anxious about， be curious about， be absorbed in， be dressed in， be rich in， be fit for， be thankful for， be absent from， be equal to， be devoted to， be contrary to， be similar to

25、， bee/get used to， be ashamed of， be proud of， be angry with， be concerned about， be patient with等。【考例】 Are you interested _becoming a musician and getting a recording contract（合同）？解析：be interested in意为“对感兴趣”，为固定短语，故本空应填in。动词+介词ask for， leave for， agree with， catch up with， get on/along with， make f

26、riends with， bring in， fall into， get rid of， look into， pick up， take on， focus on等。【考例1】For years I dealt _ my travel agent only by phone. 解析：deal with意为“应付，对付”，为固定短语，故本空应填with。【考例2】Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 解析： focus on意为“专心于，专注于”，为固定短语，故

27、本空应填on。其他常用短语according to， along with， because of， due to， but for， for fear of， for lack of， for the purpose of等。【考例1】According _ a study by grandparents. com， 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson s decision will influence grandparents in the American family.解析：according to意为“根据，按照”，为固定短语，故本

28、空应填to。【考例2】It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome， Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due _ heavy snow. 解析：due to意为“因为，由于”，为固定短语，故本空应填to。七、强化训练（一）单句填空1. Consistency is key _ a good nights sleep， especially when it comes to waking up.2. Armed with two over-packed suitcases， I arri

29、ved at the airport just _ time for my flight.3. The review explains that smell is unique in its effects _ the brain.4. _ the other hand， negative thinking will only cause more depression in your life.5. There is a famous quote that reads， “A healthy body leads _ a healthy mind.”6. If I have saved an

30、y children， it is because _him.7. But in modern societies， the old can also learn _ the young.8. _ time of anger， do yourself a favor by releasing（释放） it in a quiet place.9. _ my amazement， I did find some interesting books.10. The history of people planting and using bamboo can date _ as far as 700

31、0 years.（二）语法填空Tooth decay（蛀牙） is a major health problem for billions of people around the world. According to a recent study， a third of the worlds population， 1 （be） suffering from bad teeth. In addition， the milk teeth of about 600 million children are also affected.Experts estimate that 200 mill

32、ion new 2（case） come up every year. While most dental problems start during childhood， there are many adults 3 suffer from tooth decay. Researchers 4 （conduct） their studies between 1990 and 2010.According to the study Latin America， Northern Africa and the Middle East are the most5 （affect） regions

33、. In the Baltic state almost 70% of the population have some form of tooth decay. The study suggests that once a child suffers from decaying teeth the problem will continue into adulthood. While most 6（treat） concentrates on children adults are not given enough attention. Untreated teeth can lead to 7 number of diseases， including infections， ear and throat pain. Dentists state that peoples diets are the main cause 8 bad teeth. They recommend 9 （avoid） snacks and sugary soft drinks. Besides， they suggest visiting the dentist twice a year 10 brushing your teeth at least twice a day.