必修3unit5核心词句

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1、核心词句1. surround vt.&vi. 包围，围绕常用结构：surround .with . 使包围be surrounded by/with 被包围The city is surrounded on all sides by hills.这个城市被群山环绕。We aresurrounded by words every day. 拓展 (拼写不同）surrender v. 投降surrounding adj. 附近的;周围的surroundings n. 环境;周围的事物be encircled with 被.环绕I enclose here with a cheque for 20

2、 pounds.随信附上二十镑支票一张。I enclose herewith a cheque for 20 pounds.随信附上二十镑支票一张。the enclosed 附件辨析 surroundings/condition/environment surroundings意为“环境”时，要用复数形式，主要指周围的物质环境。 condition的复数形式conditions可表示“环境，情况”，但主要表示抽象意义上的。 environment意为“环境”时，既可表示抽象概念也可表示具体意义，包括周围环境、外界、自然环境、社会环境等。She works in pleasant surroun

3、dings. 她在愉快的环境中工作。Its difficult to imagine youre living in such poor conditions.很难想像你在这样差的条件下生活。An unhappy home environment can affect a childs behaviour.不幸的家庭环境可能对孩子的行为造成影响。 完型填空 by the police, the thief had no choice but to surrender（投降）. A. SurroundedB. Having surrounded C. To be surroundedD. Sur

4、rounding解析:选A。be surrounded by被包围。句子主语the thief 与surround呈被动关系。故选A。2. border n. 边界；国界；边沿; 缘饰; 任何东西的窄边 vt.&vi. 与接壤；接近;以.为边, 给.滚边, 加边; 和.相连;和.接界I met him in a border town.我在一座边境小镇认识了他。She crossed the border in disguise.她伪装过了边境。Her handkerchief has a blue border. 她的手帕有一条蓝边。border a dress with silk 用丝绸给

5、一件衣服加边Scotland borders England. 苏格兰和英格兰接界。India borders on China. 印度和中国接壤。Such an act borders on folly. 这种行为近乎愚蠢。习惯用语on the border of 在.的边界上；将要; 接近于, 濒临于on the borders 在边界上, 接近交界处out of borders 在国境领地外within borders 在国境领地内over the border 越过国境border on/upon与.接壤相邻；类似; 非常象辨析 border/boundary/bounds/front

6、ier 这四个词都含有“边界”的意思。border指“边界”时，常指“边境”，即沿着两国边界的地区。boundary指“边界线”，主要指领土的边界。The river is the boundary between the two countries.这条河是两国的界河。Science advances the boundaries of knowledge.科学扩展了知识的范围。frontier指“就一国而言的边界”。修饰词：常用以修饰另一个名词：frontier towns; 边境城镇；frontier law. 边境法规单项填空Her handkerchief has a blue ,

7、which makes it special in the room. A. BorderB. line C. map D.sign解析:选A。句意为：她的手帕有一个蓝色的花边，这使它在房间里很特别。border此处意为“边饰”。3. measure vi.&vt. 测量；衡量；判定n.C,U 尺寸；量具；计量单位；措施；（一定的）量，程度常用结构：measure A by B 用B衡量Asth. measures 2 metres by 4 metres 某物长4米宽2米measure sb. for a suit = make a suit to sbs measure给某人量身做一套衣服

8、take measures 采取措施beyond measure 无法估计；极度full/short measure 足量/不足量in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地in some/equal measure 在某种/同等程度上in a measure 或in some measure 在某种程度上：The new law was in a measure harmful. 新的法律在某种程度上说是有害的What measures shall we take to find out the thief? 我们采取什么措施抓住那个贼?Can you measure accura

9、tely with this ruler? 用这把尺子能量得准吗?Its hard to measure his ability when we havent seen his work. 没有见过他的作品, 很难估计他的能力。We must take preventive measures to reduce crime in the area. 我们必须采取预防措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。(1)完成句子The tailor made a suit（为我量身订做）.Success/Happiness isn t (以衡量) how much money you have.(2)翻译句子我们教室

10、的尺寸是长10米宽6米。一棵高达30米的树被砍倒了。答案：(1)to my measuremeasured by(2)Our classroom measures 10 metres by 6 metres.A tree measuring 30 metres was cut down.4. distance n. 距离；远方；v. 不介入，与疏远常用结构：at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远in the distance 在远方out of distance from 离太远；达不到keep sb. at a distance 对冷淡；与疏远keep distance from

11、与保持距离distance oneself from 使远离；使疏远My house is four miles distance from the sea. 我家离海4英里。Whats the distance to Beijing? 到北京的距离是多少？The beach is within walking distance of my house.海滩离我家很近，走几步路就到了。We saw lights in the distance.我们看到了远处的灯火。She was warned to keep her distance from John if she didnt want t

12、o get hurt. 有人警告她说，如果不想受到伤害就离约翰远一点。After he retired, he tried to distance himself from politics. 退休后，他便尽量使自己远离政治。拓展distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的5. mix vt.&vi. 混合；调配常用结构：mix A and/with B 把A与B混合起来mix sth. up 把某物拌和；混淆某物mix sth. in/into把某物掺进去be/get mixed up with sth./sb. 与某事有关；与某人混在一起The chemist mixed (up) s

13、ome medicine for me. 药剂师给我配了些药。Oil and water dont mix. 油和水不能混合。Oil wont mix with water. 油不能和水混合。拓展mixture n.U,C 混合（物）；混合状态用mix相关短语的适当形式填空Dont try to business pleasure.Mix the eggs the flour.I don t want to in the affair.答案：mix; withintobe mixed up6. impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记常用结构：impress sth. on/upon sb.

14、= impress sb. with/by sth.使某人铭记某事The sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists.外国游客无一不对该市留有深刻印象。We were most impressed with/by your efficiency. 你的工作效率很高，我们极为钦佩。impression n.C印象；感想impressive adj.给人印象深刻的；令人敬佩的make/give/create an impression on/upon. 给一个印象have/get the impression that/of

15、有的印象用impress相关短语的适当形式填空Fatherme the value of hard work.One candidate in particular us her knowledge.You an excellent us.When I first met him I he was a humorous man. 答案：impressed onimpressed; withmade; impression uponhad the impression that重点短语7. settle down 舒适地坐下或躺下；（使）安静、安顿、安心；习惯于新的生活方式/工作等She set

16、tled down in an armchair to read her book. 她舒适地坐在扶手椅上看书。When are you going to marry and settle down? 你什么时候结婚过上安定生活?拓展settle down to doing sth.使安下心来做某事settle (down) in . 在定本居下来settle a dispute/an argument/an issue 解决争端/争论/问题(1)单项填空New water wells encouraged people near the wells.A. to be settled down

17、 B. to settle downC. to be settling down D. to live down(2)完成句子Something is disturbing him, so he cant(安下心来) his work.(3)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空He finally settled down to (do) his homework.解析: (1)选B。 固定搭配。encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；settle down 定居。(2)settle down to(3)doing8. catch sight of 看见She said t

18、hat she caught sight of me in the crowd. 她说她在人群中一下子就看见了我。拓展at first sight 初次见到时；乍看上去at the sight of 一看见就lose sight of 看不见out of sight 看不见（视野之外）in/within sight 看得见；在眼前单项填空There was nobodywhen the man came round the corner.A. out of sight B. at sightC. lose sight D. in sight 解析:选D。根据句意可知,空格处的意思应该是“视野之

19、内；看见”。in sight 看得见；在眼前。9. as far as 远到，直到；至于Ill walk with you as far as the post office. 我会陪你走到邮局。Ive read as far as the third chapter. 我已读到第三章了。拓展as far as sb. can see/tell/ remember 就某人看来/所说/所记得as/so far as sb./sth. is concerned 就某人/事而言far from sth. 毫不；一点也不； 远非So far, so good. (谚) 到目前为止，一切都很顺利。完成句

20、子 (对我个人来说), you can do what you like.The problem is(绝非易事).Well go by train (直到) London, and then take a bus.答案：As far as Im concernedfar from easyas far as10. in the distance 在远处；在远方We can see the mountain in the distance. 我们从远处就可以看到那座山。Night fell, the hills in the distance turn dark blue. 夜色渐近，远处的山

21、变成了深蓝色。拓展at a distance 隔一段距离，距离稍远一些from a distance 从远方keep a distance 别靠近；保持距离keep sb. at a distance 对某人保持疏远用适当的介词填空We can see a windmillthe distance.The picture looks bettera distance.答案:inat11. have a gift for 对有天赋 gifted adj. 有天赋的，有才的He has a gift for dancing.他有跳舞的天赋。Mother has a gift for making

22、people feel at home. 妈妈有一种总让人感觉像在自己家一样的天赋。The composer is also a gifted pianist. 这位作曲家也是位很有天赋的钢琴家。单项填空You have afor music and I think you can have a chance to be a great singer.A. Power B. skill C. energy D. gift 解析：选D。 考查固定搭配。have a gift for对有天赋。重点句型12. rather than. 是而不是；与其不如；不愿 Rather than take th

23、e aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. 她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。They decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada rather than take the aeroplane all the way. They would ra

24、ther decide to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada than take the aeroplane all the way. They would decide to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canadarather than take the aeroplane all the way. They prefered to fly to Vancouver and

25、then take the train from west to east across Canadarather than take the aeroplane all the way. 常用结构：He ran rather than walked.他是跑的而不是走的。Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 与其让蔬菜烂掉，他不如半价把它们卖掉。拓展do A rather than do B = rather than do B, sb. does A. 某人不做B却做AA rather

26、than B 是A而不是Bwould rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B 宁可做A而不做Bprefer to do A rather than do B 最喜欢做A而不做Bwould rather sb. did/had done sth. 宁愿某人做某事 提示 rather than表示客观事实，它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。(1)用括号内所给词语的适当形式填

27、空Rather than (ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers (ride) a bicycle.Id rather you (not come) yesterday.I think Tom, rather than you, (blame).(2)翻译句子他一路跑过来而不是走过来。她喜欢把一些东西保存在房间里而不是把它们扔掉，尽管大部分都是无用的。答案：(1)ride; to ridehadnt comeis to blame(2)He came running all the way rather than walking. She like

28、s to keep things in the house rather than throw them away, though many are useless.13. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. 那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达90多米。some measuring over 90 metres是独立主格结构。拓展 独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分构成，在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，作用相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原因、条件、

29、行为、方式或伴随情况。 构成形式：名词(代词) + 现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。作时间状语:The meeting over, they left the hall. 会议结束了，他们离开了大厅。作原因状语:My watch having been lost, I didnt know what time it was. 我的表丢了，我不知道几点钟了。作条件状语:Time permitting, I shall go to the cinema with you. 如果时间允许的话，我会和你一起去看电影。描述伴随行为或补充说明:Mary entered the room

30、, her hands in her pockets. 玛丽走进房间，手放在口袋里。(1)用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（原创）The test (finish), we began our holiday. finishedWeather (permit), we are going to visit you tomorrow. permitting(2)完成句子He came into the room, his ears (冻得发红). red with coldHe came out of the library, a book (夹在胳膊下).under his arm答案：(1)

31、finishedpermitting(2) red with cold under his arm 语法天空连词篇连词不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, （and）then等等。1 并列连词与并列结构 并列连词引导两个并列的词、词组或句子。1）a

32、nd 与or 判断改错：（错）They sat down and talk about something.（错）They started to dance and sang.（错）I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.（对）They sat down and talked about something.（对）They started to dance and sing.（对）I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.解析：第一句： and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以 talk 应

33、改为 talked。第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为 sing。第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。注意：and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法）例如： Make up your mind, and youll get the chance. 拿定主意，这次你会有机会的。 = If you make up your mind, youll get the chance. One more effort, and youll succe

34、ed. 再努力一下，你会成功的。 = If you make one more effort, youll succeed.2） bothand两者都。例如： She plays （both） the piano and the guitar. 她弹钢琴，也弹吉他。3）not onlybut （also）, as well as不但而且。例如：She plays not only the piano, but （also） the guitar. 她不但弹钢琴，也弹吉他。 注意：not only but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。例如 Not only d

35、oes he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.他不但喜欢读小说，甚至还会写。4）neithenor 意思为既不也不谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。例如：Neither you nor he is to blame. 你和他都不该受指责。20.2 比较and和or1） 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2） 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：There is no air or water in the moon.There is no air and no water on

36、the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。典型例题 -I dont like chicken _ fish. -I dont like chicken, _ I like fish very much. A. and； and B. and； butC. or； butD. or；and 答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。判断改错：（错）We will die without air and water.（错）We cant live without air or water.（对）We will die wit

37、hout air or water.（对）We cant live without air and water.20.3 表示选择的并列结构1） or意思为否则。例如： I must work hard, or Ill fail in the exam. 我要努力学习，否则考试要不及格了。2） eitheror意思为或者或者。注意谓语动词的主谓一致采用就近原则。例如： Either you or I am right. 不是你对，就是我对。20.4 表示转折或对比1） but表示转折，while表示对比。例如：Some people love cats, while others hate t

38、hem.有些人喜欢猫，而有些人不喜欢。典型例题- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to, _ Im too busy. A. and B. so C. as D. but答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and，结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。2） notbut 意思为不是而是，后面的用词要遵循一致原则。They were not the bones of an animal, but （the bones） of a human being. 这些不是动物的骨头，而是人的。20.5 表原因关系1） fo

39、r是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。判断改错：（错） For he is ill, he is absent today.（对） He is absent today, for he is ill.2） so为连词, therefore一般为副词。例如：He hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game. 他的腿受伤了，不能上场。I think; therefore I exist. 我思故我在。20.6 比较so和 suchsuch 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与

40、表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。so + adj. such + a（n）+ n.so + adj.+ a（n） n. such + n. （pl.）so + adj.+ n. （pl.） such +n. （pl.）so + adj.+ n. （不可数） such +n.（不可数）so foolish such a foolso nice a flower such a nice flowerso many/ few flowerssuch nice flowersso much/ little money. such rapid progres

41、sso many people such a lot of people so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。 sothat与suchthat之间的转换即为 so与such之间的转换。7 连词和从句练习1. Id get it for you _ I could remember who last borrowed the book.a. on condition that b. now thatc. except that d. considering that2. The robber told him

42、that he had better keep silent _ he wanted to get into troublea. if b. unlessc. otherwised. whether3. Strange _ his behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it.a. although b. even if c. that d. as4. We are worried about our son because no one is aware _ he has gone.a. the place b. of where c

43、. about the place d. where5. The professor spoke in a loud voice _ every one of us could hear him.a. such that b. so c. so that d. such6. When he just got off the plane, he gave us a good description of _ in Spain.a. what he had seen b. that he had seenc. which he had seen d. he had seen what7. It i

44、s fitted with a small transformer, by means of _ the voltage of the currency can be adjusted.a. whom b. which c. what d. that8. I dont know why shes looking at me _ she knew me. Ive never seen her before in my life.a. as b. although c. even if d. as if9. No sooner had he finished his speech _ stormy

45、 applause broke out.a. when b. then c. than d. as10. It is hard to avoid mistakes. _ you correct them conscientiously, it will be all right.a. In the case b. As long as c. Although d. Despite11. Geometry, _ I know nothing, seems a very dull subject.a. that b. about that c. which d. about which12. Th

46、e highest temperature _ in any furnace on earth is about 10,000 centigrade.a. we can get b. that we can get it c. which we can get it d. what we can get13. We sent the horses to a considerable distance, _ they should disturb the children.a. less b. lest c. last d. least14. Sound is conducted through

47、 steel in the same manner _.a. as in air b. as through air c. as air does d. like air15. _ he was putting on his uniform, the officer found that one of the sleeves was torn.a. Since b. Unless c. As d. Before16. The police finally caught up with the man _ was the escaped prisoner.a. who they thought

48、b. whom they thoughtc. they thought him d. that they thought him17. _ knows the name of this song will receive a prize from the radio station.a. Whoever b. Those c. Whichever people d. Any people18. _ do you believe is not about to support our plan?a. Whom b. Who c. Whomever d. Which19. He didnt kno

49、w French, _ made it difficult for him to study at a university in France.a. that b. as c. this d. which20. She is a fine singer, _ her mother used to bea. like b. that c. as d. which21. _, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.a. Lover of towns I am b. As lover of townsc. Lover of tow

50、ns as am I d. Though am I the lover of towns22. The rise of Davy was all the more brilliant in _ he had not had much schooling.a. which b. that c. what d. the way23. She always takes careful notes in class _ she may review them from time to time.a. so that b. in order to c. because of d. rather than

51、24. The reason he was late is _ his clock didnt give the alarm.a. because b. due to c. since d. that25. _ he was in error will scarcely be disputed by his warmest friends.a. What b. That c. Which d. Though26. I shall do the exercises _ I have been taught.a. such b. as c. what d. for27. _ is worth do

52、ing at all is worth doing well.a. That b. Whatever c. Whichever d. However28. She was so stubborn that she never listens to the advice _.a. that I give it to her b. which I give to herc. what I give to her d. I give it to her29. I was supposed to be a mathematics major, but I actually took _ courses

53、 in physics, if not more.a. so many b. as many c. a good many d. such many30. Heat does not travel by convection in a solid, because the solid does not move, _.a. so does a liquid b. so a liquid does c. so is a liquid d. as does a liquid31. He explained everything over again _ anyone should misunder

54、stand her.a. since b. when c. lest d. as if32. _ convincing an argument is, it needs support of evidence.a. Whatever b. However c. Although d. Even if33. Earthworms occur _ adequate moisture and food and the necessary soil conditions are found.a. and b. however c. but d. wherever34. _ we gave him an

55、ything to eat, he would save it up for his little brother.a. When b. That c. Whenever d. What35. The reason I plan to go is _ if I dont.a. because she will be disappointed b. because she will have a disappointmentc. that she will be disappointed d. for which she will be disappointed36.The great use

56、of a school education is not so much to teach you things _ to teach you the art of learning.a. than b. rather than c. nor d. as37. If the design was wrong, the project is bound to fail, _ good all the other ideas might be.a. whatever b. however c. whatsoever d. even38. He gave _ came to the store a

57、pamphlet in which his products were described.a. who b. those c. whom d. whoever39. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication _ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.a. in that b. in order that c. in which d. that40. Fox was advised to give the assignment to _ he b

58、elieved had a strong sense of responsibility.a. whom b. whomever c. whoever d. that41. The chairman of the union made it clear at the meeting _ he would not step down form his position as chairman.a. in which b. where c. because d. that42. _ Ms. Wang reached the post-office, she discovered she had left the letter at home.a. Just as b. Because c. As long as d. When as43. The first step in preparing such a program is to draw a flow chart, _ are shown opposite.a. two examples of it b. two examples of whic