英语语法全析全解

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1、选校网 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库选校网 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库目 录前 言 2高考英语陷阱题总结归纳it 的用法 4高考英语陷阱题总结归纳被动语态 9高考英语陷阱题总结归纳比较结构 24高考英语陷阱题总结归纳代词 28高考英语陷阱题总结归纳定语从句 41高考英语陷阱题总结归纳动词时态 51高考英语陷阱题总结归纳短语动词 61高考英语陷阱题总结归纳非谓语动词 66高考英语陷阱题总结归纳冠词 88高考英语陷阱题总结归纳交际口语 94高考英语陷阱题总结归纳介词 100高考英语陷阱题总结归纳连词 107高考英语陷阱题总结

2、归纳名词 112高考英语陷阱题总结归纳名词性从句 121高考英语陷阱题总结归纳强调句 127高考英语陷阱题总结归纳情态动词 132高考英语陷阱题总结归纳形容词与副词 139高考英语陷阱题总结归纳虚拟语气 147高考英语陷阱题总结归纳状语从句 152易受 “复杂句式”影响的单选题讲练教案 147情感态度题词语选项，出题位置及解题方法 152That 在高考中的地位 153高中最常见的含介词的短语动词 155108所名校试题汇编：英语 172高考英语交际用语特殊答语 264高考英语写作常用句型 266必记高考重点动词词组及辨析 274一点中学生必备的30句名言-受益无穷 2812010年高考考前点

3、播系列之揭开高考英语单项填空的神秘面纱 2842010年高考英语最后一讲（内部交流） 298前 言基础题，人人会做，显不出优势；高难题，人人不会做，拉不开距离；陷阱题，表面看起来很容易，所需知识也不一定很难，但其中隐含机关，预设陷阱，尽管你完全具备做好此类题的知识和能力，但由于你理解角度不对、分析思路不活、做题方法不当、使用技法不巧等，可能自认为捡了个大便宜，而实际上却刚好掉入了命题人为你精心准备的陷阱。不信你就看看下面几道题：1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant.A.

4、thatB. whatC. that thatD. what what仔细想想看，选A还是选B？请给出你的决定未作决定之前请不要往后看！你的分析可能是这样的：选项C和D 不太可能是正确答案，因为像这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况一般不可能。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以只能选B了。事实是：如果你选A，肯定错了；如果你选B，那也错了。此题最佳答案是 D，其中第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，non

5、e of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。假若去掉句末的meant，则答案就是B了。分析有道理吗？有点启发吗？你可要客观地评价噢！请再看一题：2. Everyone knows that _ is dangerous to play with fire, but _ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.A. it, itB. what, whatC. it, whatD. what

6、, it这次可要想好！请拿定主意，选C还是选D？未作决定之前请不要往后看！你的分析可能是这样的：此题既不选C，也不选D，而是选A。因为两处的空格均填形式主语it。事实上，你又错了。此题的最佳答案是C：第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式 to play with fire；而第二空应填 what，what is difficult 是主语从句，注意 what is difficult 后的谓语动词 is。有点收获吧，再请做做以下类似试题：(1) I know _ is important to know my own limitations, but _ is difficult is

7、to help others to know their own limitations.A. it, itB. what, whatC. it, whatD. what, it(2) Yes, _ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.A. it, itB. what, whatC. it, whatD. what, it答案选什么，估计你不会选错了，你若还不放心，请往本书

8、后面有关去找找，那里有明确的答案。对此有兴趣吗？那就再看一题吧！3. Lets make it at seven oclock on Tuesday morning at my office if _. A. youre convenient B. it is convenient for youC. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you先仔细想好，看选项A和C哪个更佳，当然也可能A和C都不对，答案在B、D当中。不过，主意你自己拿。我猜你的答案不是A就可能是C，因为你可能将汉语中的“如果你方便的话”直译为 if you are con

9、venient 或 if you feel convenient了。其实最佳答案是B，因为英语中的 convenient不是表示“感到方便的”，而是表示“使人感到方便的”，所以 be convenient 的主语通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”，英语通常 if it is convenient for to you，其中的介词可用 for 或 to，但一般不用 with。顺便说一句，偶尔也可见到用人或物作 be convenient的主语，但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点：句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，如：Mary is convenient to see on Sunday. /

10、It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday. 星期天去见玛丽较为方便。The furniture is convenient to move. / It is convenient to move the furniture. 这家具搬起来很方便。怎么样，再看最后一题：4. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. thatB. whichC. whe

11、reD. what此题该选哪个答案？你可能毫不犹豫地选了B，是吗？你的想法很可能是：around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。对不起，还是错了。最佳答案应是C。你的分析并不算太错，但问题是，照你的分析，此句的意思便是：有没有这样一家医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院

12、，我可以去治我的手伤？类似的例子我们就不再罗列了，您若对此有兴趣，您若觉得您在这方面还比较薄弱，您若觉得这些知识对您还有必要，请继续往下读，后面的内容会更丰富、更精彩。当然，您若对此没有兴趣，或者您已是这方面的高手，建议您最好别看了，耽误了您不少时间，实在抱歉！高考英语陷阱题总结归纳it 的用法典型陷阱题分析1. Everyone knows that _ is dangerous to play with fire, but _ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.A. it, itB. what, whatC

13、. it, whatD. what, it【陷阱】很容易误选B，认为两空均考查形式主语。【分析】最佳答案是C，第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式 to play with fire。第二空填 what，what is difficult 是主语从句，注意 what is difficult 后的谓语动词 is。请做以下类似试题：(1) I know _ is important to know my own limitations, but _ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations. A. it, it

14、B. what, whatC. it, whatD. what, it(2) Yes, _ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.A. it, itB. what, whatC. it, whatD. what, it2. I dislike _ when others laugh at me in publicorthink poorly of me behind.A. t

15、hatB. thoseC. itD. them【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案是C，因为在通常情况下，like 是及物动词，其后应有宾语(句中 it 即为其宾语)。句中的 when 从句不是宾语从句，而是时间状语从句，其中的 when 的意思是“当的时候”。其实，也有的词典将 I dont like it when (if) 作为一个句型来处理。能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示喜好的动词。She wont like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟

16、到。He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。请做以下类似试题(答案均选 it)：(1) I hate _ if people say such things in public. A. that B. thoseC. itD. them(2) Id prefer _ if I didnt have to get up early on Sundays. A. thatB. suchC. itD. which(3) I would appreciate _ very much if you could give me some sugg

17、estions.A. thisB. thatC. itD. you3. Ive no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didnt ask who _ was. A. heB. thatC. sheD. it【陷阱】容易误选A或C。【分析】最佳答案是D。it 用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人，则不宜用it。比较：(1) Mr Smith is at the door. _ wants to see you.(2) Someone is at the door. _ must be Mr Smith.A. He B. ItC. T

18、hisD. That第(1)题选A，因为来者身份明确；第(2)选B，因为来者身份不明确。 4. “Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I cant find a repair shop.” “I know _ nearby. Come on, Ill show you.”A. oneB. itC. someD. that【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】最佳答案是A。it 和 one 的区别可简单地概括为：it = the + 名词，one = a + 名词。如：I havent got any pens, and I want to borr

19、ow one. 我没有钢笔，我想借一支。(one = a pen)I have two pens, and I can lend one to you. 我有两本支钢笔，我可以借一支。(one = a pen)I have a pen, and I can lend it to you. 我有一本钢笔，我可以把它借给你。(it = the pen)在上面一题中，one 相当于 one 相当于 a repair shop。请做下面一题（答案选A）：There is only one English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if

20、 you still want to buy _.A. itB. one C. anotherD. any5. Will you see to _ that my children are taken good care of while I am away?A. itB. meC. yourself D. them【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案是A。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是空格后that引导的宾语从句。see to 意为“负责”、“注意”，其中的 to 为介词，不宜直接跟that引导的宾语从句，遇此情况可借助代词 it。请做下面两题，答案也是选 it：(1) Ill

21、see to _ that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.A. itB. meC. whichD. them(2) Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back as soon as possible?A. meB. yourselfC. itD. them类似以上 see to 用法的短语还有 depend on, answer for 等。如下面两题答案也选 it：(1) You may depend on _ that he will turn up

22、 in time. A. itB. meC. whichD. them(2) I cant answer for _ that the boy is honest. A. itB. meC. whichD. them精编陷阱题训练1. Why shouldnt I buy a new coat I havent bought _ for five years. A. itB. that C. oneD. which2. He made _ known to his friends that he didnt want to enter politics. A. thatB. itC. hims

23、elfD. him3. It used to be thought _ the Earth was flat.A. asB. whenC. sinceD. that4. The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. theyB. it C. oneD. which5. _ is well known _ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.A. It, that B. As, /C. As, asD. It,

24、 which6. I dont know whether I should go abroadornot, Mum. I leave _ to your own judgment whether you should do it.A. thatB. itC. thisD. what7. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time?A. thisB. thatC. heD. it8. They are good friends. _ is no wonder that they know each other so well. A. ThisB

25、. ThatC. ThereD. It9. They live on a busy main road. _ must be very noisy. A. ThereB. ItC. ThatD. They10. Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it? A. thisB. whatC. thatD. it 11. “Look at that lady on the stage. Shes already forty.” “You are joking. She doesnt look _.” A.

26、 soB. itC. thatD. this13. _ was known to them all that William had broken his promise _ he would give each of them a gift. A. As; WhichB. What; thatC. It; thatD. It; which 14. In the west, people make _ a rule to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends.A. thisB. thatC. it D. the follow

27、ing答案与解析1. 选C。one 指 a coat。比较：it = the +名词，one = a+名词，换句话说，it 是特指的，而one 则是泛指的。2. 选B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that he didnt want to enter politics。3. 选D。it 为形式主语，此句为 People used to think that the Earth was flat 的被动语态形式。4. 选B。it 指前面提到的 new house。注意不能选D，因为其前有并列连词but。5. 选A。it 为形式主语，其后的that从句为主语从句。比较下面一题，答案选B：_ i

28、s well known, _ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.A. It, thatB. As, /C. As, asD. It, which6. 选B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 whether you should do it.7. 选 D。it doesnt matter if, does it matter if 等为英语常用表达。8. 选 D。its no wonder that 意为“难怪”、“不足为怪”，为英语固定表达，其中的 its 也可省略，即只说 No wonder that。如：No wonder (tha

29、t) he didnt want to go. 难怪他不想去。9. 选B。it 指环境。10. 选 D。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that you are too busy to do it.12. 选 B。it 指 her age。look ones age 为习语，意为“容貌与年龄相称”。13. 选C。第一空填 it，为形式主语；第二空填that，用以引导一个同位语从句，修饰 promise。14. 选 C。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是其后的不定式 to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends。高考英语陷阱题总结归

30、纳被动语态典型陷阱题分析 1. “Do you like the material？” “Yes, it _ very soft.” A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 【陷阱】此题容易误选D，想当然地根据“这布料摸起来很柔软”这一句意，认为“布料”应是“被摸”，所以 feel 选用被动语态。 【分析】其实，此题正确答案为C，因为 feel 在此为连系动词，而连系动词均为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，尽管有时其汉语意思有被动意味。请看以下类似例子 （答案均为D）： （1） Her forehead _ hot. Im afraid she is

31、ill. A. is feeling B. felt C. is felt D. feels （2） The new school has been completed. It _ very beautiful. A. is looked B. looked C. has looked D. looks （3） The dish _ nice, but the milk _ sour. A. is smelt, is smelt B. is smelt, smells C. smells, is smelt D. smells, smells （4） The story of his life

32、 _ interesting. A. is sounded B. is sounding C. has sounded D. sounds 2. He was angry _ your work. He said that he _ at all. A. at, didnt satisfy B. to, didnt satisfy C. at, wasnt satisfied D. to, wasnt satisfied 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能被误选。 【分析】最佳答案为C. be angry at （about） sth 意为“对某事生气”，许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词 at （ab

33、out） 换成 to，这是错误的。另外，许多同学将汉语的“不满意”直译为 not satisfy，这是是不对的，因为，satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词，其意不是“满意”而是“使（人）满意”，所以其后不能没有宾语，除非本身是被动语态（或是系表结构）。 精编陷阱题训练 1. The president _ a cool reception when he visited London. A. gave B. was given C. had given D. had been given 2. A red sky in the morning _ to be a sign of bad w

34、eather. A. says B. is saying C. has said D. is said 3 If you go there alone after dark you might get _. A. attacked and robbed B. attacking and robbing B. to attack and rob D. to be attacked and robbed 4. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting _. A. was holding B. had held C. was to ho

35、ld D. was to be held 5. New medicines and instruments _ every day to extend life. A. develop B. are being developed C. are developing D. have developed 6. Ill come after the meeting if time _. A. permits B. is permitting C. is permitted D. has permitted 7. The students _ 50 a year to cover the cost

36、of books and stationery. A. give B. are given C. have given D. to give 8. With the development of science, more new technology _ to the fields of IT. A. has introduced B. is being introduced C. is introduced D. was introduced 9.“How about the dishes, Dear？” “The beef didnt taste very good. It _ too

37、long.” A. cooked B. had been cooked C. was cooked D. had cooked 10. He kept a little notebook, in which _ the names and addresses of his friends. A. wrote B. was writing C. was written D. were written 11. “Look！ Everything here is under construction.” “What is the small building that _for？” A. is be

38、ing building B. has been built C. is built D. is being built 12. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 13. A red sky in the morning _ to be a sign of bad weather. A. says B. is saying C. has said D. is said 14. New medicines and instruments _ ever

39、y day to extend life. A. develop B. are being developed C. are developing D. have developed 【答案与解析】 1. 选B.一方面语意要求要被动语态，另一方面从句时态暗示主句应用一般过去时。 2. 选D.此句也可说成 It is said that a red sky in the morning is a sign of bad weather. 3. 选A，“get + 过去分词”表被动。 4. 选D，从逻辑上说，“会议”应是被开，故用被动式。 5. 选B.从语境上看，develop 不仅要用被动语态，

40、而且要用进行时态。 6. 选A，该用法中的 permit 为不及物动词，不用被动语态。其中if time permits 也可换成 time permitting. 7. 选B.谓语为 give sb sth 结构的被动语态形式。 8. 选B.技术应该是“被”引进，故用被动语态；根据语境句子应用现在进行时。 9. 选B.从句意上看，“牛肉”应该是“被”煮，故句子要用被动语态；从时间上看，由于句中有 didnt taste very good，所以“煮得太久”应该在这一过去时间之前，故用过去完成时。 10. 选D.in which were written the names and addre

41、sses为倒装句式，其正常表达为 the names and addresses of his friends were written in the notebook. 11. 选D.因为 building 应该是“被建”，故用被动语态；再根据前文的 look, under construction 等信息词可知，此处应用现在进行时态。 12. 选B.jobs与lose应为被动关系，故用被动语态；再根据条件状语从句中的一般现在时可知主句以用一般将来时为宜。 13. 选D.因为主语 a red sky 与谓语动词say之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。 14. 选B.因为“新的药物和器械”与“开发

42、”之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。 动词用法与辨析 典型陷阱题分析 1. If you want to sell your product you must _ it. A. advertise B. advertise for C. advertise on D. advertise to 【陷阱】容易误选B，认为 advertise 的意思是“做广告”，advertise for 的意思“为做广告”。 【分析】事实上，正确答案为A.advertise 可用作及物和不及物动词：用作及物动词时，其意为“为做广告”、“登广告宣传”；用作不及物动词时，其意为“做广告”、“登广告”，此时通常后接介词

43、for，表示“做广告征求”。比较： advertise for sth （sb） 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 （此时 advertise 不及物） advertise sth 为登广告，登广告宣传（此时 advertise 是及物动词，其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语） People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告。 The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书。 再比较以下用例： advertise jobs 登广告招人 adverti

44、se for jobs 登广告求职 2. No matter how much youve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _ the people heart and soul. A. serve B. serve for C. serve to D. serve on 【陷阱】容易误选B，即字对字地翻译汉语的“全心全意为人民服务”，将其中的“为”译为 for. 【分析】答案选A，serve 意为“为服务”，可直接用作及物动词，其后不能按汉语意思误加介词 for.请看以下类似例子： （1）

45、 I _ you yesterday, but you werent in. A. rang B. rang to C. rang with D. rang to 答案选A，ring 可以用作及物动词，表示“给打电话”，故其后不用介词。 （2） Neither of her parents wanted her to _ her cousin. A. marry B. marry to C. marry with D. marry for 答案选A，marry 可用作及物或不及物动词，用作及物动词时它的意思“与结婚”，而不仅仅是“结婚”，也就是说，后接宾语时，无需用介词 to, with 等。

46、 （3） How can I _ you, Mr. Green？ A. contactB. contact with C. contact toD. contact for 答案选A，contact 为及物动词，表示“与联系”，其后不接介词。 3. According to the rules, students must not _ their books during examinations. A. readB. watch C. noticeD. look at 【陷阱】容易误选A.因为按照英语一般习惯：看书看报用动词 read，看电视用动词watch，看电影用动词see，看比赛用动词

47、watch，看黑板用动词look at，等等。 【分析】一般说来，汉语的“看书”至少有两层意思，一是指阅读性地看书，即看书读书，此时通常用动词read；另一种看书则不是指阅读性地看书，而只是大概地翻一翻或看一看，比如看看书的封面、定价、内容提要等，或者回答问题时看看书的某些章节或字句以及考试时偷看书本等等，此时通常都不宜用动词read，而应根据情况选用其他动词（如 look at）。又如： Let me have a look at the book. 让我看看或翻翻这本书。 Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 请

48、不看书回答我的问题。 4. “I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time.” “But does your mother _ you to go？” A. let B. agree C. allow D. promise 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案为C.不能选A是因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to；不能选B是因为动词 agree 习惯上不用于 agree sb to do sth 这一句式；不能选D是因为在 promise sb to do sth 这一句式中，to do sth 的逻辑主语是 pr

49、omise 的主语而不其是宾语，比如 He promised me to go 的意思是“他答应我，他去”，而不是“他答应我让我去”。之所以能选C，是因为 allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事）与上文语境刚好吻合。 5. If they _ to make heart-felt apologies soon we will have to bring an action against them. A. disagreed B. refused C. agreed D. hoped 【陷阱】容易误选A，根据 agree to do sth（同意做某事），想当然地类推出 disa

50、gree to do sth（不同意或不愿意做某事）。 【分析】事实上，语言有很多问题是不能类推的，如上面这一例，英语可说 agree to do sth，但习惯上却不说 disagree to do sth.类似地，英语中可说 like doing to do sth，但在现代英语中习惯上说 dislike doing sth，却不说dislike to do sth.其实上面一题的最佳答案是B，refuse to do sth 意为“拒绝做某事”或“不愿做某事”。 6. They own two cars, not to _ a motorbike. A. speakB. say C. t

51、alkD. mention 【陷阱】很容易根据“他们拥有两辆小汽车，更不用说一辆摩托车了”这一中文语境而选择B. 【分析】其实最佳答案为D.因为not to say 和 not to mention 均为习语，但其含义区别甚大： not to mention更不用说，此外还有 not to say虽不能说，即使不能说 It is warm, not to say hot. 天气虽说不上热，但也够暖了。 He was impolite, not to say rude. 他即使不是粗鲁，至少也是没有礼貌。 Therere ten of us ready to help, not to menti

52、on the children. 我们有10个人愿意帮忙，还不算小孩。 They have three dogs to look after, not to mention the cat and the bird. 他们有三只狗要照顾，更别提那只猫和鸟了。 7. “Do your parents agree to your doing that？” “Yes, of course. In fact, they always _ me to try something new.” A. hope B. suggest C. support D. encourage 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误

53、选。因为若仅从汉语意思来看，四个选项均可填入空格处。 【分析】其实此题的正解答案是D.因为在以上四个选项中，只有encourage 可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语，即可用于 encourage sb to do sth，而其余三者均不可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语，即英语中习惯上不说 hope sb to do sth, suggest sb to do sth, support sb to do sth.顺便说一句，以下英汉语表达也有类似差别，请注意： 汉语说“希望某人做某事”，但英语不说 hope sb to do sth. 汉语说“同意某人做某事”，但英语不说 agree sb to do sth. 汉语说“不同意某人做某事”，但英语不说disagree sb to do sth. 汉语说“害怕某人做某事”，但英语不说 fear sb to do sth. 汉语说“拒绝某人做某事”，但英语不说 refuse sb to do sth. 汉语说“惩罚某人做某事”，但英语不说 punish sb to do sth. 汉语说“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说 suggest sb to do sth.