中考英语语法讲解资料及练习1

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1、中考英语语法讲解资料及练习第版 第1讲：名词 名词当然是大家都很熟悉的了，我们吃的food，喝的drinks，穿的clothes 都是名词。It is easy, right? 但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的，到底该怎么用呢？OK,follow me。 First, 名词复数的特殊变化。 普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是： A. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es； b. story, factory 等以辅音字母+y

2、结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es； c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es； d. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是元音字母+o 的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是辅音字母+o的词，变复数加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。 e. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）, man（men ）, woman（women ）等词的复数变化全不

3、遵循规则。 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans； f. deer，sheep等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。 注意：maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，

4、仍为不可数名词。还有the United States(美国），the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数。 别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 A. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：menworkers， women teachers。 b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树。 哇！这些问题好复杂，我好想轻松一下。那我们就轻轻松松地面对名词所有格问题。 这里面内容可谓少之又少，可也不能

5、小视呦。 名词所有格： 表示“的”通常是在名词的后面加-s，如：Childrens day，fathers shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了，只需加 就OK了。如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，.则表示“分别有”。.如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示共有。如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）。 还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下，如：a map of China，the end of this term。 好，名词部分我们已经学完，Its a piece of cake?

6、 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了， Are you ready? 练习： 1. All the _teachers and_students are having a meeting there. A. women girls B. women girl C. womangirls D. womangirl 2. Mr Black is a friend of _. A. Jacks aunts B. Jacks aunt C. Jack aunts D. aunts of Jack 3. This toy was made by a _ boy. A. ten-year-old B. ten

7、-years-old C. ten-year-older D.ten-years-older 4. The farmer raised ten _. A. sheeps B. deers C. horse D. cows 5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_. A. her grandmother B. her grandmothers C. her grandmothers D. that of her grandmother 6. We have moved into a _. A. two- storey house B

8、. house of two storey C. two-storeys house D. two storeys house 7. The _ was too much for the child to carry. A. boxs steel B. box of a steel C. steel box D. box of the steel 8. Well give our English teacher a card for _. A. the Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. a Teachers Day D. Teachers Day 9. Li Pi

9、ng met an old friend of _on a train yesterday. A. he B. him C. his D. her 10. _are big and bright. A. The classroom window B. The window of the classroom C. The windows of the classroom D. The classrooms windows 实战： 1. Dont worry. Your son will come back in _hour. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. This nice

10、 blouse isnt mine. Its _. A. you B. your C. Lucy D. yours 3. Whats potato in Chinese?Its _ . A. 香蕉 B. 大白菜 C. 西红柿 D. 土豆 4. The ninth month of a year is _. A. December B. November C. September D. October 5. A: Must I leave now? B: No, you _. A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. wont 6. We have a history les

11、son _Wednesday afternoon. A. on B. of C. at D. to 7. Suan has made quite _friends since she came to China. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 8. A: Have you ever _to the West Lake? B: Yes, I _there last winter. A. gone, went B. been, went C. gone , have been D. been, have 9. Do you _English? A. t

12、ell B. say C. talk D. speak 10. A: May I _your ruler? B: OK, Im glad to _it to you. A. lend, borrow B. lend, lend C. borrow , lend D. borrow, borrow 11. Well go to the museum if it _tomorrow. A. cant rain B. wont rain C. dont rain D. doesnt rian 12. Do you know _? A. where does he study B. he studie

13、s where C. where he studies D. he where studies 13. A: _do you go to see your grandparents? B: Once a month A. How often B. How long C. how much D. how many 14. A: Would you like another cup of orange? B: _Im full. A. No, thanks B. Yes, please. C. Here it is. D. I dont like. 15. You must be tired. W

14、hy not _a rest? A. to stop to have B. stop having C. stop to have D. to stop having 第2讲：代词 我们刚刚讲完了名词，现在再来看看名词的brother代词。它与名词的作用其实很相似，所担当的句中成分也相差不多。 但也别小看代词呀！它还有很多的“小个性”呢！只要抓住它的几个“小脾气”，那么你就可以牢牢地掌握它了。 代词中第一个“小个性”就是物主代词。像my和mine这两个小冤家总是让人分不清谁是谁。但你只要记住它们最重要的区别my的后面一定要接名词，不可以单独出现，只能做定语，如：my father；而 mine

15、则是名词性，只能单独出现，在句中做主语和表语。如：Mine is green. Its mine. 记住这两个句子，凡是名词性物主代词（yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs）就都可以放在mine的位置上了。这样，通过它们出现的位置不同，我们就可以把它们区别开了。 代词的第二个“罗嗦”就是它有一个小跟班self(selves)反身代词，也就是表示“自己、亲自”的意思。关于反身代词，需要注意的是她不能单独做主语，但可以放在人称代词后面，做同位语。如：Marry herself said so. 玛丽她自己这么说的。（不能说Herself said so.）下面我给

16、你开点小灶，单独讲一讲须“特特”注意的地方。 Of+名词性物主代词：of +物主代词构成双重所有格。公式为：a（an, this, that ）+名词+of +名词性物主代词。牢记公式，举一反三。因为物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, no, each,every, such, another等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。如： a friend of mine（我的一个朋友），each brother of his（他的每一个兄弟）. some, any的用法：我们都知道some用于肯定句中，而any则用于否

17、定句和疑问句中。 所以somebody，someone也用于肯定句中，而anybody、anyone则用于否定和疑问句中。 注意：在Would youlike some coffee?（要来点咖啡吗？）这样的肯定疑问句中，说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时，用some而不用any。 every 和each的用法：every 强调全体的概念，指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，不可单独使用；each强调个体概念。指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)，可单独使用.。Every student in our school works hard.（我们学校的学生都很用功。） Each stude

18、nt may have one book. （每个学生都可有一本书。） both, either, neither的用法： both意为“两者全都”，与复数连用。either意为“两者中间的任何一个”，neither 表示“两者之间一个也不是”，与单数连用。如：Both of the them come from London。他们两人都是伦敦人。 You may take either with you。 两个中间你随便带哪个都行。 Neither is correct。 两个都不对。 Few，a few和little，a little的用法： Few，a few用来代替和修饰可数名词，li

19、ttle，a little用来代替和修饰不可数名词;a few和a little 着重肯定意思，相当于汉语“有几个”，“有一点儿”；few和little 着重否定意思，相当于汉语 “没有几个”，“没有多少” 见下表肯定否定可数A few Few 不可数A little little OK，代词部分我们已经学完，Its a piece of cake? 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了， Are you ready? 练习： 1. We had plenty of paper but_ ink. A. a few B. few C. not many D. not much 2. Learning

20、 a foreign language is especially difficult for those who have never learned _ before. A. one B. it C. them D. that 3. Were very busy because weve so _books to read and so _homework to do every day. A. much . many B. many . much C. many . a lot D. a lot . much 4. I thought _of the matter but still c

21、ouldnt find out the reason. A. every B. both C. nothing D. everything 5. My car is not so expensive as _. A. him B. hes C. he D. his 6. Lily and Lucy have arrived，but _students arent here yet. A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 7. There are high buildings on _side of the street. A. both B

22、. every C. any D. either 8. What do you usually have for breakfast? _eggs and _milk. A Little . a few B. A little . a little C. A few . a little D. A few . a few 9. _ is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything 10. Is this story the same

23、 as _in that book? A. the one B. what C. that D. it 实战： 1. There is _old woman in the car. A. 不填 B. the C. a D. an 2. We often go to the park _Sundays. A. on B. in C. at D. from 3. My book _on the desk. A. is B. am C. are D. be 4. Which language is _, English, French or Chinese? A. difficult B. the

24、difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult 5. _book is this? Its Kates. A. when B. Why C. Where D. whose 6.Can you write a letter in English? No, I _. A. may not B. mustnt C. cant D. neednt 7. I _my homework when Mike came last night. A. do B. was doing C. am doing D. have done 8. He began to

25、 _English three years ago. A. learn B. learns C. learned D. learning 9. Jim is a driver, _he? A. does B. doesnt C. is D. isnt 10. Whats wrong _you? the doctor asked. A. from B. with C. for D. at 11. He is rich, _he isnt happy. A. or B. so C. and D. but 12.Where is Alice? She _to the library. A. goes

26、 B. will go C. has gone D. had gone 13. Help _to some fish, Mary. My aunt said to me. A. themselves B. ourselves C. yourself D. himself 14. Well stay at home if it _tomorrow. A. rain B. rains C. is raining D. will rain 15. The students _on a farm for ten days. Then they _ to a factory. Though they _

27、 back school, they still remember those farmers and workers. A. have stayed, went , was B. had stayed, go , are C. have stayed, go, have been D. have stayed, went, were 第3讲：形容词 Spring is coming. The trees are green, and the flowers are beautiful. 多么美的季节啊！我们要去郊游, 去感受、去描绘我们周围美好的事物。形容词会帮你忙。可是形容词怎么使用起来老

28、出错呀？不是放错了位置，搞错了级别，就是在使用多个形容词作定语时排错了顺序。当然了，形容词使用时需要遵循一些规则的。想知道吗？接着往下看。 a beautiful little new white wooden house 从这个长长的词中可以看出多个形容词作 定语时排列有一定的先后顺序。它们往往遵循以下规律：冠词或人称代词所有格+数词+性质+大小+形状+表示老少、新旧+颜色+事物质地、人的国籍、用途。其实,你大可不必这样费神记,只要记住我给你的句子就可以了。 There is something wrong with my bike。这句话可能让你挠挠头皮，为什么wrong放在 someth

29、ing的后面呢？原来虽然大部分形容词做定语时的位置是放在名词之前的，但当形容词所修饰的词为something，anything，nothing，everything等以-thing为字尾的词语（复合不定代词）时，形容词要后置。 形容词级别问题： A. Our classroom is twice larger than theirs。（我们的教室是他们的两倍。）这种表示倍数的句子用 times +形容词比较级+than 这样的格式。你记住了吗？ b. Im three years older than you.（我比你大三岁。）表示大三岁，高二厘米等时用表示数量词的词+比较级。 c.越来越用比

30、较级+and +比较级来表示。如：The earth is getting warmer and warmer。（地球变得越来越暖和。） d.越就越用the +比较级，the+比较级来表示。如： The busier he is，the happier he feels。(他越忙，越觉得高兴。) 最高级用法的用法就很简单了，提醒你一点，最高级要用于三者以上。还有几点是不得不提的： alone 和lonely：I feel lonely, because I am alone at home. 你独自一人在家用 alone 表示单独的、独自一人的，它表示一个客观事实，在句中只能做表语。你在家感到

31、寂寞， 用lonely，表示主观上感到 孤独寂寞，指一种悲伤忧郁的情绪，可作定语和表语。 older和elder: Jack is older than me, he is my elder brother.杰克比我大要用older，表示年纪大的，年老的，常用做表语；他是我的长兄用elder，表示年老的，年长的，用做定语，只用于比较两个人的长幼，只能作表语。 接下来又到了我们趁热打铁的时间了，你准备好了吗？ 练习： 1. Tony is going camping with _ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other

32、 little D. little other two 2. Which is the _country, Japan or Australia? A. more developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing 3. How was your recent visit to Qingdao? It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the _days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C

33、. last sunny few D. few sunny last 4. The books are not _ to be published. A. enough interesting B. interesting enough C. so interesting D. too interesting 5.Whats your _sports? A. the most favorite B. most favorite C. favorite D. the favorite 6.Theres _ with the recorder. A. anything wrong B. wrong

34、 anything C. something wrong D. wrong something 7. His sister is _than he . A. younger five years B. five years younger C. five year younge D. five younger years 8.We should speak English in and after class. Yes, _, _. A. more , better B. the more, the better C. much, better D. the often, the better

35、 9. The old man lives alone, he feels _. A. alone B. lonely C. lone D. alonely 10. I think bananas are _of all the fruits. A. delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. the most delicious 实战： 1. Whats this in English? Its _apple. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 2. I was born _February 18, 1981. A. on

36、B. in C. at D. of 3. There isnt _water in the glass. A. some B. lots C. many D. any 4. _do you watch TV? Twice a week. A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How many 5. I have two pencils, one is long, _is short. A. another B. other C. the other D. others 6. They are poor, _they are always happy. A

37、. and B. but C. or D. so 7. _beautiful the flowers are!=What beautiful flowers they are !How beautiful a flower it is! What a beautiful flower it is! A. How B. What C. How a D. What a 8. Do you _English? Only a little. A. tell B. speak C. say D. talk 9. There are about _students in our grade. A. two

38、 hundreds and twenty-five B. two hundreds and twenty five C. two hundred and twenty-five D. two hundred twenty-five738 is read as seven hundred and thirty-eight.7,364,734,887,634 / thousand s of million billion trillion 10. His name is Robert Thomas Brown. The students call him _. A. Mr Robert B. Mr

39、 Thomas C. Mr Thomas Brown D. Mr Brown 11. Your books are here, where are _? A. my B. mine C. I D. me 12. She will write to me as soon as she _in Paris. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arriving D arrives 13. Its a fine day, _? Yes, lets go out for a walk. A. is it B. it is C. isnt it D. it isnt 14. Coul

40、d you tell us_? A. when will the meeting start B. when the meeting will start C. the meeting will start when D. then meeting when will start 15. My bike is broken, can you mend it? Sorry, _. A. I cant B. I wont C. I can D. I dont 第4讲：副词 学完了形容词，副词讲解起来会更容易一些。一般认为形容词+ly就变成了副词，如形容词quick 加上-ly变成副词quickly

41、。但是象friendly , lovely 虽然以 ly 结尾，但实则是形容词，She is friendly to me (她对我很友好。)可千万不要误认为是副词哟！ 副词可修饰动词、形容词和副词，这些用法相信大家已经掌握。那我们挑选一下易混、易用错的来详细讲解一下。 already 和 yet ： Where is Tom? He hasnt come yet. But Jack is already here . 这句话中又是 already，又有yet，是怎么回事吗？原来already和yet意思虽然相同，但用法有点小区别。表示事情早已发生或提前发生用 already，一般放于句中，用

42、于肯定句和疑问句。含有already的肯定句，变为否定句时，要将already 变为yet，且放在句尾。yet表示预料要发生的事未发生，位于句尾，一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 还迷糊吗？再迷糊，只好再看一看上面的例句喽。 hard 和 hardly： hard，hardly 两者虽然只有-ly之差，意义却大不相同。hard表示辛苦，使劲，努力，如：He works very hard.(他学习非常努力。) 而hardly为否定副词，表示几乎不。如：The box is so heavy that he could hardly carry it .（这箱子是那么沉，他几乎搬不动。） ago 和

43、before： ago 不能单独使用，应与three days (months , weeks)等连用, 而且和动词的过去时连用。如： I met my neighbour an hour ago. Before 之前有一段时间时，指距这段时间以前，和过去完成时连用。如：He said he had finished the work two days before.（他说他两天前已完成了工作。） 如果before单独使用，是泛指以前，常常和完成时连用。如：I have seen the film before.（我以前没看过这部电影。） farther 和 further: far 有两种比

44、较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。如： He runs farther than she does.（他比她跑得远。）在美语中，farther 表示距离，further表示进一步。 如： I have nothing further to say.（我没什么要说的了。） 至于副词的比较级和最高级问题，参照形容词的就OK了。 试试趁热打铁如何？ 练习： 1. The teacher was very angry and decided to send _school, so he wasnt a student any longer. A. away him fro

45、m B. him away from the C. away him out of D. him away from 2. _, he didnt fail in the English exam. A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckily D. Luckly 3.Are you feeling _? Yes，Im fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 4. The more we looked at the picture, _. A. the less we liked it B.

46、we like it less C. better we like it D. it looked better 5. After the new machine was introduced，the factory produced _ shoes in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 6. Our English needs to be_improved. A. farther B. farthest C. further D. far

47、7. What a pity! Lucy ran _ more slowly than Lily. A. a few B. much C. a little D. little 8. He is running _now. A. more slowly and more slowly B. slowlier and slowlier C. more and more slowly D. slowly and slowly 9. Last night my father went back _later than before. A. quite B. very C. even D. much

48、more 10.The sick man was too thin to go any _. A. far B. farther C. further D. farthest 实战： 1. The answer is nice and soft. Shall I _the shopkeeper if I can try it on? A. ask B. answer C. speak D. tell 2. Tickets, please. May I _your ticket please, madam? A. show B. watch C. find D. see 3. Its not g

49、ood to _when you are waiting for a bus. A. stand in line B. get on well C. jump the queue D. wait for your turn 4. Its hard to count the monkeys, theyre running and jumping_. A. at times B. all the time C. more or less D. right away 5. Im sorry, weve _the shoes in your size. A. paid for B. put on C.

50、 sold out D. put away 6. Weihuas pen was_, so she needed a new one. A. broken B. long C. cheap D. here 7. You can often buy things from their shop _home. A. of the way B. by the way C. another way of D. on your way 8. The teacher in the school library is very_. You must return your library book on t

51、ime! A. kind B. lonely C. strict D. polite 9. Thanks to man-make satellite, the world itself is becoming a much smaller_. A. space B. place C. room D. universe 10. I like the sweater, but it _too much. A. uses B. takes C. costs D. spends 11. Father Christmas lands on top of _house and climbs down th

52、e chimney into the fire-place. A. each B. all C. either D. both 12. The ice is very thin. Its _dangerous _walk on it. A. so, that B. as, as C. from, to D. too, to 13. One day his mother was ill. She _a doctor. A. sent for B. sent away C. sent up D. fell behind 14. He _the radio and listened to the m

53、usic. A. opened B. turned on C. turned off D. closed 15. The doctor _Mrs Brown very carefully and then said: Theres nothing much wrong with you. A. watched B. operated C. looked over D. looked after 第5讲：动词 我们步步深入,开始接触到整个句子的heart-动词了。掌握了动词，你学起英语来就会感到驾轻就熟了。告诉你，一定要记牢动词的现在分词，过去式，过去分词，如果在这些小地方丢分，那才讨厌呢。比如

54、：catch 的过去式和过去分词(caught，caught) 你可能就不知道吧?痛下决心，好好记一记吧。下面呢，我们就各个击破。先讲系动词。 系动词：大概是最简单的动词了。你只需注意的是系动词除了be的形式之外，还有become，get，grow，turn，sound，look，smell，taste等，它们不能单独作谓语,必须和作表语的词语(如形容词, 名词等) 连用, 所以用的时候，可要小心为是呀！如：It smells delicious.(它闻起来味道很美)。delicious 是形容词，不是副词。 情态动词：首先要记住情态动词后必跟动词原形。must和need几乎是每年的必考题，这

55、里我们重点讲一下。 must的意思是应当，必须，侧重于说话者的主观看法，没有时态变化，其否定式是mustnt，在Must I(we) .的疑问句中，须注意的是其否定回答常用neednt。如：Must I go?(我一定要走吗?)No,you neednt.(不，不必。) need意为需要。既可作实义动词，又可作情态动词，因此在用法上需要注意。作实义动词时，need后跟名词，动名词，或不定式。如：I need to go. (我得走了。) 作情态动词时，后跟动词原形。如：You neednt come tomorrow if you are busy. (如果你忙，明天就不必来了。) 实意动词：

56、 实意动词可谓家族兴旺，人员众多。我们跑(run)，我们跳(jump)，我们笑(laugh)，这些都得用实意动词来表达。我们一起来看一看一些特殊的词吧。它们在接动名词和不定式时意义有所不同。 stop：这个词让好多同学大伤了一番脑筋，到底什么时候加to do，什么时候加 doing 呢?两者意义又有什么不同呢?OK, Come with me. 看下面两个句子。 When the teacher came in, they stopped to read. When the teacher came in, they stopped talking. 第一句的意思是当老师进来时，他们停下来开始

57、读书。而第二句的意思是 老师进来时，他们停止了说话。所以stop to do sth表示停止正在做的事情去干另一件事。而stop doing表示中断正在做的某事。现在明白了吗? forget，remember，regret 这三个词用法基本相同，只要记住+doing 表示事情已经做过，+to do表示事情还未做就可以了。forget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做)forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做) 如：The light is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。 ( 没有做关灯的动作)He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作