非谓语动词的运用和比较.ppt

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1、非谓语动词的运用与比较,不定式,动名词,分词,非谓语动词,一、 非谓语动词的句法功能,X,X,X,X,二. 句法功能的区别：,1 主语,动名词 不定式,In many countries, shaking ones head means “no” and nodding means “yes”. To write a science fiction is his wish.,Its dangerous to play with fire.,It is no good _(argue) with him about that.,arguing,在含有no, 常用动名词短语作主语。 eg. It

2、is no use doing.; It is no good doing,2. 表语,不定式 动名词 分词,The story is moving. A way of saying “I am hungry” is patting the stomach before a meal. My task this class is to teach you how to grasp the grammar.,3. 宾语,动名词 不定式,习惯接动名词作宾语的有：mind, finish, enjoy, avoid, consider, practice, suggest, advise, miss

3、, appreciate, imagine, put off, keep (on), give up, insist on, be used to, look forward to, stick to, devote ones life to, be busy, be worth, cant help, excuse, escape, admit(承认)，delay, risk, object to（反对）, pay attention to, etc.,习惯于后接动词不定式而不接动名词作宾语的动词有： wish, hope, expect, promise, pretend, decide,

4、 manage, refuse, learn, agree, plan, offer, long, demand, help, , prepare, determine, intend, etc.,动名词与不定式的不同含义： be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、胆怯去做某事 be afraid of doing 担心、恐怕出现 We are never afraid to lay down our lives for the right cause. 为了正义的事业我们绝不怕牺牲自己的生命。 She was afraid of waking her husband up.,2) for

5、get to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做） forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事（已做） The light in the office is off. It was she who turned it off, but she herself forgot _( turn ) it off. The light in the office is still on. She forgot _(turn )it off.,turning,to turn,3)remember to do sth. 记着去做某事（未做） remember doing sth.记着做了某事（已做）

6、 Do you remember _(meet) me at a party last year? You must remember _( leave) tomorrow.,4) stop to do sth. stop doing sth.,meeting,to leave,5) regret to do sth. 遗憾地说/告诉= be sorry to say / to tell regret doing sth. 后悔做了 I regret _ ( tell) that you didnt pass the exam again. I regret _( tell ) her the

7、 bad news.,6)try to do sth. try doing sth. We tried _ ( persuade) him to go with us, but he wouldnt listen . Lets try _( do ) the work in some other way.,to tell,telling,to persuade,doing,7) mean to do sth. mean doing sth. If it means _( delay ) more than a week, Ill not wait. I mean _( go ), and no

8、thing can stop me. 8) go on to do sth. go on doing sth. 9）cant help doing sth. 情不自禁，不禁 cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做,delaying,to go,10). permit / allow / advise /forbid/ encourage/ report/ recommend + doing sth. + sb. to do sth. 11). start / begin / continue / like / love / hate + to do sth. + doing

9、sth. 但有些动名词在句中是主动形式，却有被动含义 The house requires / needs / wants repairing. The book is worth reading.,4. 定语,动名词 分词 不定式,Do you know the man talking with a black there? The carrying pole reminds me of our bitter days in the past. There will be many people to help you.,=who is talking ,The pole for carry

10、ing things(扁担）,The house,to be built next year being built now built last year,Cf.,is our school.,3. 现在分词和过去分词,falling leaves fallen leaves,exiting news exited students,-ing 令人; -ed 表示所修饰词本身的特征,a disappointing voice; a disappointed voice,注:1)现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词的表示的动作几乎同时发生。如两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语

11、，而要用定语从句。,The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. Yesterday, mother told me an event which happened five years ago?,2). 不定式作定语 He thought out a plan _ (punish) Tom. He is always the last _ (come) to office Please give me a knife _ (cut) with. 作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。,5.宾语补足

12、语,不定式 分词,使役动词：make, have, let, etc. 感觉动词： hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, find, feel, etc.,Its cold out side, we had the fire burning all night. Mum had him wash the plates. I saw him go upstairs. I saw him going upstairs,（已经上去了，全过程）,（此刻的行为）,注：不能用不定式作宾补的动词：,hope, suggest, agre

13、e, insist, plan, suppose, demand, think, announce, refuse,make 后不能用doing作宾补,She is often listened _( sing) the song.,6. 状语,不定式 分词,1.Every day he climbed to a high rock near his cave to keep watch. 2. Two years later, her father disappeared , never to return. 3. Im very glad to have this stamp again.

14、 4. It is too dark for us to see anything in the room. 5. He is old enough to look after himself.,目的,结果,原因,程度,程度,不定式主要作目的，结果和程度状语,1). Once fleeing Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Belgium 2). Being a shy man, Einstein didnt attend the great celebration. 3). The trainer appeared, follo

15、wed by six little dog. 4). Given more time, I can do it better.,时间,原因,方式，伴随,条件,分词在句中主要作时间，原因，方式或伴随，条件，让步，结果状语。,分词和不定式作结果状语,Tonys father died, leaving him a lot of money. He went home, only to find his money stolen.,现在分词和过去分词作状语,He lay on the ground, looking at the sky. Once published, his work becam

16、e famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.,The game _ (interest) the boys. The boys are _ the game. The game is _. I wonder why football _ boys. A. has interestedB. is interested in C. interesting D. interested _ (excite) at the news, the boys rushed to watch the game. _ (Fill) with

17、joy, I started off.,interests,interested in,interesting,A,Excited,Filled,Can you do the following?,generally speaking, judging from, talking of, supposing, considering, compared with,注1：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致，构成主动或被动的关系。 注2： 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。 注3：有时，”with + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 分词”的结构表示伴随状况。 注4: 当

18、分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。,While watching TV, he heard someone shouting shout for help.,With the work done, he went home.,Weather permitting, well go outing tomorrow.,Moved by his words, he decided to study harder.,三、 非谓语动词的各种形式：（以动词do为例）,不定式,分词,to do,to be done,to have done,to have been d

19、one,to be doing,doing,being done,having done,having been done,1.不定式的时态与语态： 1）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。 I saw him go out. I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 2）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。 Im very glad to be working with you. 3）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前 Im sorry to have kept you waiting. T

20、he article is said to have been read by many people.,2.动名词的时态和语态 1）动名词的时态：一般式和完成式 如doing的动作没明确表示出时间是与谓语同时发生或在谓语之前发生，用一般式。 We are interested in _ (play) chess. 如doing的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用完成式。 Im sorry for not _ (keep) my promise. 但在某些词后，常用一般式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。 On hearing the bad news, she cried.

21、Ill never forget seeing that film for the first time.,2）动名词的语态 doing being done having done having been done He was afraid of _ (leave) at home. The house showed no sign of _ (damage). She insisted on being sent to the mountain area to serve the children there.,being left,having been damaged,3 现在分词的

22、时态及语态：,分词的动作如发生在谓语动词之后,doing用一般式，如发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式having done。,Having enjoyed the rides at the Headland, visitors can take a shuttle to the Lowland.,Theme parks also try to make sure that visitors leave knowing more about their theme.,如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for/of 引起的短语。 It is easy for the stude

23、nts to read. It will be a mistake for us to help you.,1). 不定式的复合结构: for/of sb. to do sth.,Its wrong of/ for him to speak bad behind others.,4 非谓语动词的复合结构,在一些表示对某人的“称赞 ”、“责备”等意义的形容词后， 如kind, good , nice, unwise , clever, silly , wrong , foolish , stupid , careless , rude , impolite等词， 其后用“of + sb.+ to

24、 do sth. ”结构。 Its unwise of them to take such an action. (=Theyre unwise to take such an action .),2). 动名词的复合结构： 名词所有格(Marys)/形容性物主代词（my）+动名 逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。 Toms (His) coming is what we have expected. That Tom came is what we have expected. She didnt mind Jack/

25、Jacks (him/ his) coming here.,不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如 ：but, except等后才行，此时不定式可带to 或不带to. He seldom comes except _( call) on me. We have no choice but _( wait) outside. He could do nothing but _(ask) for help.He didnt want anything but_ (have) a rest. 不定式的主动式表示被动的几种情况：easy, hard, difficult, interestin

26、g, fit, heavy, light,1). I have a lot of things _( do) today. 2).The shoes are too large for me_( wear). 3).This question is difficult _( answer).,5.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive,6. To master a foreign lan

27、guage,_. A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice,20. The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned,4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A.

28、to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen,1.He gave us some advice on how_ English. A.learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn,2. It s a pay day，and they are waiting_. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid,3. - A letter may be too slow. - Why not _ a telegram. A.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending

29、D.trying to send,巩固练习,C,D,A,B,A,D,1._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old. A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk,2.When and where to build the new power station_yet. A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided,3.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing? A.

30、 thisB. thatC. itD. he,4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen,5.She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday. A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received,6.I cant imagine_that with such a famous autho

31、r. A.work B.to work C.to be working D.working,Non-infinitive,7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path. A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest,8.Do you consider_any good attempting many scientific experiments? A.there B.it C.this D.that,9.Im thirsty. Wo

32、uld you please give me something_. A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking,10.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light. A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed,11Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.neve

33、r driving D.never rive,12.They knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childhood. A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow,13. Believe it or not, he was seen_upstairs just now. A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go,14.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night. A. to burn B. burn C. burning

34、 D. burned,15.The murderer was brought in ,with his hands _behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied,16.To master a foreign language,_. A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice,17._a reply, he deci

35、ded to write a sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received,18. Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,19. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _a second time. A. to

36、read B. to be read C. reading D. being read,20. The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned,历年高考题,1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself_ . (NMET91 34) A.hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard,2. On afternoon, Mrs G

37、reen went to the market, _ some bananas and visited her cousin. (NMET91 23) A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. writing,3. -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? (NMET92 14) A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going,4. _ a reply, he decided to write again. (M

38、ET92 39) A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received,5. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (MET93 17) A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking,6. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room. (MET93 24) A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D.

39、 Turn,7. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented,8. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time. -Thats all right. (MET94 21) A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting

40、 not you know,9. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (NMET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding,10. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.(NMET94 25) A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play,11. The first textbooks _ for

41、teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET94 34) A.having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,12. -You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. (NMET95 26) A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having don

42、e,13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_. (NMET95 35) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,14. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle. (97上海 13) A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing,15. She cant help _ the house

43、because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned,16. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. (95 上海20) A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in,17. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they do

44、nt really need. (96上海14) A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,18. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. (NMET99 21) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make,19. A computer does only what thinking people _. (99上海19) A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done,20. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” (NMET99 25) A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading,Thank You!,