《让步状语从句》PPT课件.ppt

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1、让步状语从句,定义：让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为“尽管”或“即使”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说”的感觉。 引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：though和although（虽然，纵然），while, as（虽然.但是.）; even if和even though（即使纵使）; whether.or.(无论是否或不管是还是); no matter+疑问词（不管都），疑问词-ever，regardless of+名词/名词短语/名词从句，despite和in spite of(尽管).,普通句子,easy,文艺句子,important,超文艺句子,Very im

2、portant,两个词同义，一般情况下可以互换使用，如： He didnt light the fire though / although it was cold. although 比though 较正式，语气较重，常用于强调让步概念，如： He insisted on doing it although I warned him not to. though可以和even 连用，但although 不可以，如： Although (Even though) the traffic held us up, we got to the airport on time. 当让步状语从句是指一种

3、假设的情况，不指事实时，通常用though，而不用although，如： Though all the world were against me, I shall still hold to my opinion. though可以在非正式文体中用作连接性状语，而although 则不行。（though 可以放在句中或句末，通常用逗号隔开），如： He said he would come; he didnt, though.,1although 和though 引导的让步状语从句：, though引导的从句可用倒装语序（即把从句中的表语或状语等放在though之前），而although 不

4、能这样用，如： Young though she is, yet she is fit for the job. (= Young as she is, ) 有时可用副词yet, still, nevertheless (但不能用连词but) 来配合连接词though或although，以加强语气，如： Though he is over seventy, yet / still / nevertheless he can ride the bike. though和although后面的主语和谓语动词be 可以省略，如果这个主语和主句中的主语指同一个人或物时，如： Though (it wa

5、s) cold, it was a fine winter morning. Though (they were) very tired, they continued to march on.,1although 和though 引导的让步状语从句：, even if 与 even though同义，常用于强调让步概念，如： Ill do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. Even if you fail, you can try again. 注：if 有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件if 与让步if 的区别，试比较： If he i

6、s poor, how can he buy the house? (条件) If he is poor, he is at least honest. (让步) (= even if) If John had been there, I would have seen him. (条件) If John was there, I didnt see him. (让步) (= even if),2even if, even though和 if 引导的让步状语从句：,3.由as, that, though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：,在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用as引导让步

7、从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（though, that与as一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面几种情况： 表语的倒装： Tired as he was, he still went on with his work. Difficult though the task was, they managed to accomplish it in time. 状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very, much等修饰语） Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it. Hard as I studied,

8、I could not catch up with them. 谓语动词的倒装： Try as he would, he could not remember a word of it. (= No matter how he would try ) Search as they would, they could find nothing in the room.,3.由as, that, though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：,注意事项： 如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如： Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks Englis

9、h the best. as从句可以置于主句前、主句中或句后，当as从句置于句首时，主句前可加yet ，如： Rich as he is, (yet) I dont envy him. 当作表语的形容词提前时，如果从句的主语是人称代词，那么它只能放在动词之前(半倒装)；如果从句的主语是名词，则可用倒装语序(全部倒装) ，也可用陈述语序，如： Clever though / as you may be, you cant do that. Tired as were the workers, they did not stop. as 从句与主句在时态上可以不一致，如： Child as he

10、is, he was brave. 注意区别as 引导的原因从句与让步从句，试比较： Lawyer as he is, he explains the reason clearly. (原因从句) Lawyer as he is, he cant explain the reason very clearly. (让步从句),4even though和 though,even though (= even if) 引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为“即使”、“纵然”； though 引导的从句指事实，意为“尽管”、“虽然”， 例如： He will not reveal the secre

11、t, even though he knows it. (可能知道，也可能不知道。) He will not reveal the secret though he knows it. (虽然知道，却不说出来。),5while引导的让步状语从句：,while (= although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如： While you may be right, I cant altogether agree. 注意比较下列各句： While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. (让步) While I was re

12、ading, the light went out. (时间) Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative. (转折、对比) He is lazy, while his brother is diligent. (转折、对比),6.whetheror(是还是)引导的让步状语从句：, 这种从句也称“选择条件-让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如： Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it. She had to go, whether or not she wanted it.,7由连接

13、代词whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever引导的让步状语从句：,Whoever (= no matter who) is unwilling to go, I will go. (whoever 既相当于连接词短语no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问代词who) Whatever (= no matter what) happens, keep calm.,8.由连接形容词whatever 或whichever 引导的让步状语从句，如：,Whatever (= no matter what) difficulties may arise, we

14、 must and can overcome them one by one. (whatever 既相当于no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词what 修饰名词difficulties.) Whichever (= no matter which) room is assigned to him, he will have no objection.,9.由连接副词however, wherever 或whenever 引导的让步状语从句.,However ( = no matter how) difficult the task may be, we will fulfi

15、l it on time. ( however 既相当于 no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词 how 修饰 difficult。),10注意以上几种结构的省略形式：,However difficult the task (may be), it will be fulfilled on time. However great the difficulties (may be), we will never retreat. Whatever the difficulties (may be), they must and can be overcome,11由whenever

16、, wherever 引导的从句，同时也分别是时间状语从句和地点状语从句，这里作为让步状语从句来看待，是强调它们带有no matter when, no matter where 的含义。在口语中用no matter +wh- 结构比较常见。例如：,No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped out clean. Dont believe the rumour, no matter who repeats it. (可置于主句之后) It doesnt matter (= No matter) what he may

17、 say, I am going.（口语中常用）,涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装,一、（表语）名词+as / though+主语+动词. Child as he is, he knows to help other. Teacher though he is, he cant know everything. 【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。,二、(表语)形容词+as / though+主语+动词 Successful as he is, he is not proud.

18、【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。,涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装,三、（状语）副词+as / though+主语+动词 Much as I like Paris, I couldnt live there. Hard though they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind.,四、动词原形+as / though+主语+动词 Try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem. Search as they would, they would find

19、nobody in the house. 【说明】主语后的动词通常为may, might, would, did 等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用did, do 等助动词)。,涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装,五、分词+as / though+主语+动词 Raining hard as it is, Im going out for a walk. Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward.,注意：,1.although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，

20、而though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。 2. 上面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来表示原因，区别的办法主要看句子的内容：让步从句的内容大多数与主句在意义上相反，而原因从句则与主句之间有因果关系。Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他虽然很疲倦了，但还是学习到很晚才睡。(表让步) Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因为很累，所以他睡得很早。(表原因) 3. 在美国英语中，人们通常用asas引导让步状语从句。如： Successful as he is, he is not proud.=As successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功了，但不骄傲。,