隧道及地下工程ANSYS实例分析 第5章 双线铁路隧道衬砌结构设计力学分析

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1、第1章 大型有限元软件ANSYS简介105.1 二次衬砌结构力学分析/TITLE，Mechanical analysis on railway tunnel 2nd lining! 确定分析标题/NOPR !菜单过滤设置/PMETH，OFF，0KEYW，PR_SET，1 KEYW，PR_STRUC，1 !保留结构分析部分菜单/COM， /COM，Preferences for GUI filtering have been set to display:/COM， Structural !/PREP7 !进入前处理器ET，1，BEAM3 !设置梁单元类型ET，2， COMBIN14 !设置弹簧

2、单元类型R，1，0.4，0.0053333，0.4， ， ， ， !设置梁单元几何常数R，2，400e6， ， ， !设置弹簧单元几何常数MPTEMP， !设置材料模型MPTEMP，1，0 MPDATA，EX，1，30.0e9 !输入弹性模量MPDATA，PRXY，1，0.2 !输入泊松比MPTEMP， !设置材料模型MPTEMP，1，0 MPDATA，DENS，1，2500 !输入密度SAVE !保存数据库1 建立几何模型K, 1, , , , !创建关键点（隧道二次衬砌）K, 2, 4.71, -1.82, , K, 3, -4.71, -1.82, , K, 4, 0, -3.75, ,

3、 K, 5, 0, 5.05, , K, 20, 5.6, -2.162, , !创建关键点（地层弹簧）K, 30, -5.6, -2.16, , K, 40, 0, -4.75, , K, 50, 0, 6, , !创建隧道衬砌线LARC, 2, 5, 1, 5.05, !创建圆弧线（拱顶部）LARC, 5, 3, 1, 5.05, LARC, 2, 3, 4 !创建圆弧线（仰拱部）! 创建地层弹簧线LARC, 20, 50, 1, 6, !创建圆弧线（拱顶部）LARC,50, 30, 1, 6,LARC, 20, 30, 40 !创建圆弧线（仰拱部）SAVE !保存数据2 单元网格划分设置

4、单元大小并将所有直线划分单元，其单元图如图5-8所示。LESIZE,ALL, , ,10, ,1, , ,1, !设置单元大小, 每条弧线划分成10个单元TYPE, 1 !设置将要创建单元的类型MAT, 1 !设置将要创建单元的材料REAL, 1 !设置将要创建单元的几何常数LMESH,1,6,1 !将所有直线划分单元/PNUM, KP, 0 !以下为显示单元编号和颜色/PNUM, ELEM, 1/REPLOT !重新显示SAVETYPE, 2 !设置将要创建单元的类型MAT, 1 !设置将要创建单元的材料REAL, 2 !设置将要创建单元的几何常数E, 1,31 !通过两个节点创建弹簧单元E

5、, 2,32E,3,33E,4,34E,5,35E,6,36E,7,37E,8,38E,9,39E,10,40E,11,41E,12,42E,13,43E,14,44E,15,45E,16,46E,17,47E,18,48E,19,49E,20,50E,21,51E,22,52E,23,53E,24,54E,25,55E,26,56E,27,57E,28,58E,29,59E,30,60Lclear,4,6,1 !清除用于创建地层弹簧单元的外层梁单元LDELE,4, 6,1 ,1 !删除外层直线Finish !返回Main Menu 主菜单5.1.2 加载与求解/SOL !进入求解器d,31,

6、ux,0,0,60,1,uy, !在“Ux”和“Uy”两个方向的施加约束ACEL, 0, 10, 0, !在Y方向施加重力加速度F,2,Fx,0 !在节点上施加X方向集中力F,13,Fx,43554.43356F,14,Fx,86574.64508F,15,Fx,128464.6048F,16,Fx,168285.8813F,17,Fx,204799.5937F,18,Fx,236448.4444F,19,Fx,261396.9365F,20,Fx,277795.0781F,21,Fx,283894.0611F,12,Fx,247397.3915F,30,Fx,190308.0663F,29,

7、Fx,149683.6899F,28,Fx,103226.8339F,27,Fx,52665.0399F,26,Fx,0F,25,Fx,-52665.0399F,24,Fx,-103226.8339F,23,Fx,-149683.6899F,22,Fx,-190308.0663F,1,Fx,-247397.3915F,3,Fx,-283894.0611F,4,Fx,-277795.0781F,5,Fx,-261396.9365F,6,Fx,-236448.4444F,7,Fx,-204799.5937F,8,Fx,-168285.8813F,9,Fx,-128464.6048F,10,Fx,-

8、86574.64508F,11,Fx,-43554.43356F,2,Fy,-449636.88 !在节点上施加Y方向集中力F,13,Fy,-441210F,14,Fy,-416229.66F,15,Fy,-375629.1F,16,Fy,-320951.4F,17,Fy,-254238.6F,18,Fy,-178008.6F,19,Fy,-95102.7F,20,Fy,0F,21,Fy,82772.64F,12,Fy,259324.92F,30,Fy,413398.46F,29,Fy,454320.04F,28,Fy,484308F,27,Fy,502604.08F,26,Fy,508719

9、.08F,25,Fy,502604.08F,24,Fy,484308F,23,Fy,454320.04F,22,Fy,413398.46F,1,Fy,259324.92F,3,Fy,82772.64F,4,Fy,0F,5,Fy,-95102.7F,6,Fy,-178008.6F,7,Fy,-254238.6F,8,Fy,-320951.4F,9,Fy,-375629.1F,10,Fy,-416229.66F,11,Fy,-441210SaveNROPT, FULL, , !采用全牛顿拉普森法进行求解Allsel !选择所有内容Outres, all, all !输出所有内容Solve !求解计

10、算Finish !求解结束返回Main Menu 主菜单SAVE5.1.3 后处理1 初次查看内力和变形结果/POST1 !进入后处理器PLDISP, 1 !绘制变形和未变形图ETABLE, , SMISC, 6 ! 6、12表示弯矩ETABLE, , SMISC, 12 ETABLE, , SMISC, 1 ! 1、7表示轴力ETABLE, , SMISC, 7 ETABLE, , SMISC, 2 ! 2、8表示剪力ETABLE, , SMISC, 8 查看内力, 包括弯矩、轴力和剪力，如图5-12、图5-13和图5-14所示。路径：General Postproc Plot Result

11、s Contour Plot Line Elem Res。PLLS, SMIS6, SMIS12, -1, 0 !绘制弯矩图ESEL,R,TYPE,1 !仅显示单元类型1PLLS, SMIS1, SMIS7, 1, 0 !绘制轴力图PLLS, SMIS2, SMIS8, 1, 0 !绘制剪力图2 去除受拉弹簧再计算Finish!结束后处理器操作/sol !进入求解器Ekill,62 !杀死62号地层弹簧单元Ekill,71Ekill,70Ekill,73Ekill,74Ekill,88Ekill,86Ekill,87Ekill,85Ekill,86SAVEAllsel !选择所有内容Solve

12、 !求解计算Finish !求解结束返回Main Menu 主菜单SAVE3 查看最后计算结果/POST1ETABLE, REFL !更新单元表数据PRETAB, SMIS6, SMIS12, SMIS1, SMIS7, SMIS2, SMIS8 !打印单元表数据PRNSOL, DOF, !打印节点位移5.2 台阶法施工过程仿真分析1 材料、实常数和单元类型定义/TITLE，Mechanical analysis on railway tunnel 1nd lining ! 确定分析标题/NOPR !菜单过滤设置/PMETH，OFF，0KEYW，PR_SET，1 KEYW，PR_STRUC，1

13、 !保留结构分析部分菜单/COM，Preferences for GUI filtering have been set to display:/COM， Structural /PREP7 !进入前处理器ET,1,PLANE42 !设置实体单元类型KEYOPT,1,1,0KEYOPT,1,2,0KEYOPT,1,3,2 !设置为平面应变模式KEYOPT,1,5,0KEYOPT,1,6,0ET，2，BEAM3 !设置梁单元类型ET,3,LINK1 !设置杆单元类型R,1,0.2,0.0008,0.2, , , , !设置梁单元几何常数R,2,0.0005, , !设置杆单元几何常数MPTEMP

14、, MPTEMP,1,0MPDATA,EX,1,3.2e9 !输入弹性模量（围岩）MPDATA,PRXY,1,0.32 !输入泊松比（围岩）MPDATA,DENS,1,2200 !输入密度（围岩）MPDATA,EX,2,27.5e9 !输入弹性模量（喷射混凝土）MPDATA,PRXY,2,0.2 !输入泊松比（喷射混凝土）MPDATA,DENS,2,2500 !输入密度（喷射混凝土）MPDATA,EX,3,200e9 !输入弹性模量（锚杆）MPDATA,PRXY,3,0.3 !输入泊松比（锚杆）MPDATA,DENS,3,7800 !输入密度（锚杆）SAVE !保存数据库2 建立几何模型K,1

15、,0,0, !创建隧道轮廓线关键点K,2,5.45,0,K,3,0,5.45,K,4,-5.45,0, K,5,-5.0838,-1.964,K,6,0,-4.15, K,7,5.0838,-1.964,K,8,8.45,0, !创建锚杆加固区域关键点K,9,0,8.45,K,10,-8.45,0, K,11,13,0, K,12,0,13, K,13,-13,0,K,14,-13,13, K,15,13,13,K,16,8.45,-8.45, K,17,-8.45,-8.45, K,18,-13,-13, K,19,13,-13, K,20,0,26, !创建计算区域关键点K,21,13,2

16、6,K,22,-13,26, K,23,-13,-34, K,24,13,-34, K,25,0,-34,K,26,50,-34, K,27,-50,-34, K,28,-50,26, K,29,50,26,K,30,50,13,K,31,50,0, K,32,50,-13, K,33,-50,-13, K,34,-50,0,K,35,-50,13, K,36,0,-8.45K,37,0,-13 K,38,2.8653,-3.5371K,39,-2.8653,-3.5371SAVE LARC,2,3,1,5.45, !* 画隧道轮廓线LARC,3,4,1,5.45, !* LARC,4,5,1

17、,5.45,LARC, 5, 6, 39 !* LARC,7,2,1,5.45, LARC,8,9,1,8.45, !* 画锚杆加固区域线LARC,9,10,1,8.45, LSTR, 1, 2 !* 画其它分割线LSTR, 1, 3 LSTR, 1, 4 LSTR, 1, 6 LSTR, 2, 8 LSTR, 4, 10 LSTR, 8, 11 LSTR, 11, 15 LSTR, 15, 12 LSTR, 12, 9 LSTR, 12, 14 LSTR, 14, 13 LSTR, 13, 10 LSTR, 10, 17 LSTR, 13, 18 LSTR, 8, 16 LSTR, 11,

18、19LSTR, 17, 36 LSTR, 36, 16 LSTR, 6, 36 LSTR, 36, 37 LSTR, 18, 37 LSTR, 37, 19 LSTR, 37, 25 LSTR, 19, 24 LSTR, 18, 23 LSTR, 14, 22 LSTR, 12, 20 LSTR, 15, 21 LSTR, 22, 20 LSTR, 20, 21 LSTR, 23, 25LSTR, 25, 24LSTR, 24, 26 LSTR, 19, 32 LSTR, 11, 31 LSTR, 15, 30 LSTR, 21, 29 LSTR, 22, 28 LSTR, 14, 35 LS

19、TR, 13, 34 LSTR, 18, 33 LSTR, 23, 27 LSTR, 26, 32 LSTR, 32, 31 LSTR, 31, 30 LSTR, 30, 29 LSTR, 27, 33 LSTR, 33, 34 LSTR, 34, 35 LSTR, 35, 28 LSTR, 3, 9 LARC, 6, 7, 38 !*SAVE !保存数据, 生成的直线如图5-20所示。Al, 8, 1, 9, !采用线创建面，依次创建24个面Al, 9, 2, 10,Al, 10, 3, 4, 11,Al, 11, 60, 5, 8,Al, 12, 6, 59, 1,Al, 59, 7, 1

20、3, 2,Al, 27, 26, 23, 12, 5, 60,Al, 27, 25, 21, 13, 3, 4,Al, 14, 15, 16, 17, 6,Al, 17, 7, 20, 19, 18,Al, 20, 21, 25, 28, 29, 22,Al, 30, 24, 14, 23, 26, 28,Al, 39, 31, 29, 33,Al, 40, 32, 30, 31,Al, 41, 51, 42, 32,Al, 42, 52, 43, 24,Al, 43, 53, 44, 15, Al, 44, 54, 45, 36, Al, 16, 35, 38, 36, Al, 18, 34

21、, 37, 35, Al, 47, 58, 46, 34, Al, 48, 57, 47, 19, Al, 49, 56, 48, 22, Al, 50, 55, 49, 33, SAVE !保存数据3 创建网格模型lesize,1,8,1 !设置单元大小, 即L1线划分成8个单元TYPE, 1 !设置将要创建单元的类型MAT, 1 !设置将要创建单元的材料REAL, 1 !设置将要创建单元的几何常数NL(NDIV)NL(NDIV)NL(NDIV)NL(NDIV)NL(NDIV)NL(NDIV)18118214315418515281232243254285243213323433543853

22、4461432443444485445215425435445855568164264364468564781732733744785748818428338448858498194294394498593108203304404508606!按照“lesize,1,8,1”格式，将其他59条线也进行被划分单元数设置AMAP,1,1,2,3, ! 划分面1，依次单击关键点1，2，3进行映射AMAP,2,1,3,4, AMAP,3,1,4,6, AMAP,4,6,2,1, ! 面1到4，为隧道内开挖土体AMAP,5,2,8,9,3 ! 划分锚固加固去围岩单元，包括面5和6AMAP,6,3,9,1

23、0,4 AMAP,7,6,36,8,2 AMAP,8,4,10,36,6AMAP,9,8,11,12,9 ! 采用映射划分中心区域其它面AMAP,10,9,12,13,10 AMAP,11,10,13,37,36 AMAP,12,36,37,11,8 amesh,13,24,1 ! 划分周边区域面SAVE ! 存储数据TYPE, 2 !设置将要创建单元的类型MAT, 2 !设置将要创建单元的材料REAL, 1 !设置将要创建单元的几何常数!通过两个节点创建梁单元E, 2,11 E,11,12E,12,13E,13,14E,14,15E,15,16E,16,17E,17,10E,10,63 E,

24、63,64E,64,65E,65,66E,66,67E,67,68E,68,69E,69,62E,62,115E,115,114E,114,117E,117,118E,118,119E,119,120E,120,121E,121,116E,116,167E,167,168E,168,169 E,169,170E,170,171E,171,166E,166,172E,172,2TYPE, 3 !设置将要创建单元的类型MAT, 3 !设置将要创建单元的材料REAL, 2 !设置将要创建单元的几何常数!通过两个节点创建梁单元E,2,211E,211,212E,212,210E,11,223E,223

25、,230E,230,214E,12,224E,224,231E,231,215E,13,225E,225,232E,232,216E,14,226E,226,233E,233,217E,15,227E,227,234E,234,218E,16,228E,228,235E,235,219E,17,229E,229,236E,236,220E,10,221E,221,222E,222,213E,63,247E,247,254E,254,238E,64,248E,248,255E,255,239E,65,249E,249,256E,256,240E,66,250E,250,257E,257,241E

26、,67,251E,251,258E,258,242E,68,252E,252,259E,259,243E,69,253E,253,260E,260,244E,62,245E,245,246E,246,237Finish第1章 大型有限元软件ANSYS简介165.2.2 加载与自重应力场求解/SOL !进入求解器NSEL,S,LOC,X,-50.1,-49.9NSEL,A,LOC,X,49.9,50.1 d,all,ux,0 !在选择的节点上施加“Ux”约束Allsel !选择所有内容NSEL,S,LOC,Y,-34.1,-33.9d,all,uy,0 !在选择的节点上施加“Uy”约束（2）施加

27、重力加速度。ACEL, 0, 10, 0,!在Y方向施加重力加速度SAVE !施加了位移约束和自重应力场后见图5-25所示。NROPT, FULL, , !采用全牛顿拉普森法进行求解Allsel !选择所有内容ESEL,S,TYPE,2 !选择2类单元ESEL,A,TYPE,3 !选择3类单元Ekill,all !对选择的单元给予“死属性”Allsel !选择所有内容Solve !求解计算Finish !求解结束返回Main Menu 主菜单SAVE1 自重应力场后处理竖向位移（PLNSOL,U,Y,0,1）和应力（PLNSOL,S,Y,0,1）如图5-26和图5-27所示。5.2.3 上台阶

28、开挖模拟分析1 上台阶开挖施工/post1Finish !求解结束返回Main Menu 主菜单/SOL !进入求解器Allsel !选择所有内容ANTYPE,REST,1,1,0 !重新启动求解器ASEL,S, , ,1,2,1 !选择上台阶面ESLA,R !选择上台阶土体单元Ekill,all !对选择的单元给予“死属性”Allsel !选择所有内容lsel,s,1,2,1,NSLL,R,1ESLN,RESEL,R,TYPE,2 !选择2类单元ESEL,A,TYPE,3 !选择3类单元Ealive,all !对选择的单元给予“生属性”2 施加节点荷载FINISH /POST1 !进入后处理

29、器Allsel !选择所有内容ESEL,S, , , !人工手动选择开挖土体周围的一圈单元，如图5-28所示。NFORCE,ALL !对选择的节点求解节点力FINISH /sol !进入求解理器节点力施加，加上节点力和位移边界条件后的模型如图5-29所示。f,1,fx,4.37E-09 !施加X方向集中力f,2,fx,-1.41E+05f,3,fx,-67.92f,4,fx,-201.3f,5,fx,-357.9f,6,fx,-499.4f,7,fx,-616.4f,8,fx,-664.6f,9,fx,-617.6f,10,fx,6.73E-05f,11,fx,-2.70E+05f,12,fx

30、,-2.44E+05f,13,fx,-2.11E+05f,14,fx,-1.73E+05f,15,fx,-1.32E+05f,16,fx,-8.90E+04f,17,fx,-4.47E+04f,62,fx,1.41E+05f,63,fx,4.47E+04f,64,fx,8.90E+04f,65,fx,1.32E+05f,66,fx,1.73E+05f,67,fx,2.11E+05f,68,fx,2.44E+05f,69,fx,2.70E+05f,70,fx,67.92f,71,fx,201.3f,72,fx,357.9f,73,fx,499.4f,74,fx,616.4f,75,fx,664.

31、6f,76,fx,617.6f,1,fy,3.90E+05 !施加Y方向集中力f,2,fy,1.66E+05f,3,fy,3.90E+05f,4,fy,3.90E+05f,5,fy,3.90E+05f,6,fy,3.90E+05f,7,fy,3.90E+05f,8,fy,3.90E+05f,9,fy,3.90E+05f,10,fy,-4.82E+05f,11,fy,-1.12E+05f,12,fy,-2.13E+05f,13,fy,-2.98E+05f,14,fy,-3.67E+05f,15,fy,-4.18E+05f,16,fy,-4.54E+05f,17,fy,-4.75E+05f,62,

32、fy,1.66E+05f,63,fy,-4.75E+05f,64,fy,-4.54E+05f,65,fy,-4.18E+05f,66,fy,-3.67E+05f,67,fy,-2.98E+05f,68,fy,-2.13E+05f,69,fy,-1.12E+05f,70,fy,3.90E+05f,71,fy,3.90E+05f,72,fy,3.90E+05f,73,fy,3.90E+05f,74,fy,3.90E+05f,75,fy,3.90E+05f,76,fy,3.90E+053 上台阶开挖求解Allsel !选择所有内容Solve !求解计算Finish !求解结束返回Main Menu

33、主菜单SAVE4 上台阶开挖模拟分析后处理/post1PLNSOL,U,Y,0,1 ! Y方向位移PLNSOL,S,Y,0,1 ! Y方向应力Finish !求解结束返回Main Menu 主菜单SAVE5.2.4 下台阶开挖模拟分析1 下台阶开挖施工下台阶土体开挖。/SOL !进入求解器Allsel !选择所有内容ANTYPE,REST,2,1,0 !重新启动求解器ASEL,S, , ,3,4,1 !选择下台阶面ESLA,R !选择下台阶土体单元Ekill,all !对选择的单元给予“死属性”进行喷锚支护，即激活喷射混凝土衬砌梁单元和锚杆杆单元。Allsel !选择所有内容 ESEL,S,T

34、YPE,2 ESEL,A,TYPE,3 Ealive,all 上台阶土体开挖。Allsel !选择所有内容ASEL,S, , ,1,2,1 !选择下台阶面ESLA,R !选择下台阶土体单元Ekill,all !对选择的单元给予“死属性”2 施加节点荷载节点力计算。FINISH /POST1 !进入后处理器Allsel !选择所有内容ESEL,S, , , !人工手动选择开挖土体周围的一圈单元。NFORCE,ALL !对选择的节点求解节点力FINISH /sol !进入求解理器节点力施加，加上节点力和位移边界条件后的模型如图5-32所示。f,114,fx,6.46E+04 !施加X方向节点力f,

35、115,fx,1.59E+05f,116,fx,0.00E+00f,117,fx,1.03E+05f,118,fx,8.16E+04f,119,fx,6.19E+04f,120,fx,4.06E+04f,121,fx,2.02E+04f,166,fx,-6.46E+04f,167,fx,-2.02E+04f,168,fx,-4.06E+04f,169,fx,-6.19E+04f,170,fx,-8.16E+04f,171,fx,-1.03E+05f,172,fx,-1.59E+05 f,114,fy,1.58E+05 !施加Y方向节点力f,115,fy,3.81E+05f,116,fy,2.5

36、6E+05f,117,fy,2.80E+05f,118,fy,2.31E+05f,119,fy,2.42E+05f,120,fy,2.49E+05f,121,fy,2.55E+05f,166,fy,1.58E+05f,167,fy,2.55E+05f,168,fy,2.49E+05f,169,fy,2.42E+05f,170,fy,2.31E+05f,171,fy,2.80E+05f,172,fy,3.81E+053 下台阶开挖求解Allsel !选择所有内容Solve !求解计算Finish !求解结束返回Main Menu 主菜单SAVE4 下台阶开挖模拟分析后处理/post1ESEL,S

37、,LIVE !选择单元ESEL,R,TYPE,1 !选择单元PLNSOL, U, Y, 0, 1 ! Y方向位移，如图5-33所示PLNSOL, S, Y, 0, 1 ! Y方向应力，如图5-34所示PLNSOL,S,1,0,1 ! 第一应力，如图5-35所示PLNSOL,S,3,0,1 ! 第三应力，如图5-36所示PLNSOL,S,EQV,0,1 ! 等效应力，如图5-37所示ESEL,S,TYPE,2 ! 选择喷射混凝土梁单元ETABLE, ,SMISC, 6 ! 创建梁单元内力表ETABLE, ,SMISC, 12 ETABLE, ,SMISC, 1 ETABLE, ,SMISC, 7

38、 ETABLE, ,SMISC, 2 ETABLE, ,SMISC, 8PLLS,SMIS6,SMIS12,-0.3,0 ! 画弯矩图，如图5-38所示PLLS,SMIS1,SMIS7,0.2,0 ! 画轴力图，如图5-39所示PLLS,SMIS2,SMIS8,0.2,0 ! 画剪力图，如图5-40所示ESEL,S,TYPE,3 ! 选择锚杆杆单元ETABLE, ,SMISC, 1 ! 创建梁单元内力表PLLS,SMIS1,SMIS1,0.2,0 ! 画轴力图，如图5-41所示SET,LIST ! 设置计算步骤LCDEF,1,1,1,LCDEF,3,3,1,LCASE,3,LCOPER,SUB,1, , , ! 将第三步的结果减去第一部的结果PLDISP,1 ! 画变形喷射混凝土的图，如图5-42所示ESEL,ALL ESEL,S,TYPE,2Finish ! 求解结束返回Main Menu 主菜单SAVE/EXIT,ALL ! 退出程序，保存所有数据