《英语修辞手法》PPT课件.ppt

《《英语修辞手法》PPT课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《英语修辞手法》PPT课件.ppt（20页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、Rhetorical Devices,Metaphor Hyperbole Transferred epithet Antithesis Assonance Repetition Synecdoche,Irony Pun Oxymoron Simile Metonymy Ridicule Sarcasm,Irony(反语）,a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite o

2、f their usual sense. This form of irony is called verbal irony, and differs from the stylistic device of dramatic irony. The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. 用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法 An expression or utterance marked by a deliberate contrast

3、between apparent and intended meaning. 反语句以表面含义与实际含义相反为特征的表达或措词,A literary style employing such contrasts for humorous or rhetorical effect. 一种文学风格, 使用这类对比以达到幽默或修辞的效果 e.g. marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century Hiroshima-the liveliest city in the world. He was such a marvelous te

4、acher that whenever he recognized a spark of genius you could be sure hed water it. (他真是个了不起的人，只要他发现了一点天才的火花，你就可以相信他一定会把它浇灭。),Ridicule (嘲弄,奚落）,unkind descriptions that are intended to make someone or something seem stupid 通常指用一些不太善意的或看起来比较滑稽和夸张的语言对不良的或愚蠢的行为进行揭露和批评。 Example: Bryan, ageing and paunchy

5、 Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence,Sarcasm（讽刺）,a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting (嘲弄,奚落) and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage（轻视,毁谤） , ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. 是指用尖酸刻薄的话对个人的缺点、过失、社会的丑恶现象或黑暗面进行讥讽、挖苦,常是有意地伤害他人的感情,所以常含有较强的贬义。 A cutting, often

6、 ironic remark intended to wound. 讽刺挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语,A form of wit that is marked by the use of sarcastic language and is intended to make its victim the butt of contempt or ridicule. 讥讽一种措辞巧妙的话语，以运用讽刺性语言为特征，意在使被讥讽者成为被人蔑视或讽刺的对象 Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps

7、break through. There is some doubt about that.,Frankly, I have been accustomed to regard your President as a statesman whose mouth was the most efficient part of his head. He cannot have thought of it (the idea) himself. Who suggested it to him? 坦率地说,我一贯把你们的总统看作政治家,他的嘴是他头上最能干的器官。他本人是想不出这个主意的, 是谁向他提出

8、的?,Sarcasm, Ridicule 移就修辞格） E.g. Darrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.,an easy writer（作品通俗易懂的作家）a writer whose works read easy I spent sleepless nights on my project. Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydons cheeks. (two points of high co

9、lour - high colour 指红晕) “Thank you,” he said as the three of them shared a lingering hug. “谢谢你们。”他说道，这三个人久久地拥抱在一起。,He must be doing some cold calculating just now. 刚才他肯定是在冷静地计算着。 I have been exhilarated by two days of storms, but above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that

10、I have ever been. (V. Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea) 持续了两天的暴风雨使我欣喜若狂，我爱这漫长无所事事的日子胜过一切，在这些日子里，我抛弃了我过去的一切。,His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down with a dismissal speech rehearsed. 他的上司大概在一边踱步，一边构思着解雇他的言辞。 I have questioned husbands of long standing about the color of their w

11、ives eyes, and often they express embarrassed confusion and admit that, they do not know.(Helen Keller) 我曾向一些结婚多年的丈夫询问他们的妻子的眼睛是什么颜色，他们常常窘迫地表示出迷惑，随后承认不知道。,Insurgencies tend to be resolved at the bargaining table. 叛乱只能在谈判桌边才能解决。 On his sick bed he summoned his sons and daughters into his presence. He

12、passed many an anxious hour in the train. I spoke to him in hesitant English. He lives by honest labour.,She has expensive tastes in clothes. 她喜欢穿高档衣服。(语义上修饰clothes的expensive，转移为修饰tastes) They prolonged the clasp for the photographer, exchanging smiling words. (exchange words in a smiling way) 他们握手时

13、边笑边谈，以此延长握手时间，好让摄影师进行拍照。 America has shown us too many desperately worried executive dropping into early graves. 在美国，许多走投无路的经理过早跌进了坟墓。,Pun (双关语）,e.g. Darwin is right - inside. A pun is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. It is not strictly a figure of speech, but beca

14、use it relied heavily on metaphorical or figurative meanings of words for its effect, it if often included in lists of such figures. In a pun the same word is used in different senses, or two words share the same pronunciation.,A) Words or phrases having two or more distinct meanings. E.g. - Why is

15、that lawyer an uneasy sleeper? - Because he lies first on one side and then on the other, and remains awake all the time. - What does that lawyer do after he dies? - Lie still. An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.,A cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid dow

16、n his arms. (Here arms has two meanings: a persons body; weapons carried by a soldier.) A river is richest in the world because it has two banks. The leopard changes his spots; You see he often goes from one spot to another. ( spot: 斑点；地点）,Now do you promise to support the constitution? - Me? How ca

17、n I? Ive got a wife and five children to support. Benjamin Franklin: “If we dont hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately.” (Peter stone and Sherman Edwards. 1776) 本杰明富兰克林：“如果我们不能紧密地团结在一起，那就必然分散地走上绞刑架。”,B) words having the same or almost same sound but differing in form and meaning. e.

18、g. On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you. 借用同音异形词(homophone) pray和prey造成双关，讽刺西方教堂里的绅士、太太、小姐们貌似虔诚的丑恶嘴脸。,Seven days without water makes one weak (week). 该句巧妙套用了Seven days make one week.这个人所共知的句子，利用weak和week同音的条件，获得幽默的效果. Then there was the man in the restaurant. Youre not eating y

19、our fish, the waitress said to him. Anything wrong with it? Long time no see (sea), the man replied.,Oxymoron: (矛盾修辞法）,It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining (结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous (不协调) terms. Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a “victorious defeat

20、”. (John Scopes: The Trial That Rocked the World) 达德利菲尔德马隆把对我的审判结果称为“胜利的失败”。,Parting is such sweet sorrow. (别离是这样甜蜜的凄清。) a thunderous silence 无声胜有声 a mournful optimist 悲伤的乐观 a blessing in disguise joyful pain open secret bitter sweet memories orderly chaos (混乱) proud humility (侮辱),The Major again pr

21、essed to his blue eyes the tips of the fingers that were disposed on the edge of the wheeled chair with careful carelessness. (Charles Dickens. Dombey And Son) 少校用一种精心做出的漫不经心的姿态再次把原来的轮椅边上的指尖按住自己的蓝眼睛。 a living death 半生半死; 活地狱般的生活; 行尸走肉 fiend angelical 是天使，也是魔鬼 beautiful tyrant 美丽的暴君 a damned saint 横行

22、的圣人,Synecdoche(提喻法，举隅法),Synecdoche involves substitution of the part for the whole or the whole for the part. Eg. The case was defended by eloquent lips. Two heads are better than one. Many hands make light work. He paid the workers 5 per head. The legs could hardly keep up with the tanks.,Metonymy

23、involves substitution of the name of one thing for that of another closely associated with it.,Metaphor 1) my case would snowball into. 2) our town .had taken on a circus atmosphere. 3) The street .sprouted with . 4) He thundered in his sonorous organ tones. 5) had not scorched the infidels. 6) afte

24、r the preliminary sparring over legalities 7) The case had erupted on my head.,Simile .swept the arena like a prairie fire .a palm fan like a sword. like a fresh wind through the school Metonymy .tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers. The Christian believes that man came from above. The

25、evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.,Ridicule Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted . Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence. He didnt say a cat was the same as a man? Darrow asked. The poor brute cowered in a corner with his hands over his eyes, ” a reporter noted, afraid it mi

26、ght be true. Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.,Sarcasm and it is a mighty strong combination. There is some doubt about that. Mr. Bryan is not the only one who has the right to speak for the Bible to God and religion. ”,Irony My friend the atto

27、rney-general says” marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century The Bible is not going to be driven out of this court by experts who come Irony+sarcasm,Transferred epithet e.g. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder. Antithesis e.g. The Christian believes that

28、 man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.,Assonance e.g. when bigots lighted faggots to burn. Repetition e.g. The truth always wins.the truth.the truth. Hyperbole e.g. The trial that rocked the world,Oxymoron Malone called my conviction a victorious defeat. marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century Pun Darwin is right - inside. Synecdoche The case had erupted on my head.,