全国通用版高考英语大一轮复习Unit3Computers讲义新人教版

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1、 Unit 3Computers重点单词1calculate v计算2universal adj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的3reality n真实；事实；现实 4mobile adj.可移动的；机动的5anyhow adv.无论如何；即使如此 6goal n目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分7signal vi.& vt.发信号n信号 8type n类型v打字9arise vi.出现；发生 10electronic adj.电子的11character n性格；特点 12simplify vt.简化simple adj.简单的13logical adj.合逻辑的；合情理的logically adv.

2、逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地14technology n工艺；科技；技术technological adj.科技的15operator n(电脑)操作员；接线员operate v操作；经营operation n操作；经营16intelligence n智力；聪明；智能intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的17solve vt.解决；解答solution n解决；解决方法重点单词18.personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的personally adv.就个人而言；亲自personality n个性；人格；风云人物；名人19total adj.总的；整个的n总数；合计v共计；总计；

3、把加起来totally adv.完全地；整个地20application n应用；用途；申请apply v应用；申请applicant n申请人；求职人21finance n金融；财经financial adj.财政的；金融的；资金的22explore v探索；探测；探究exploration n探索explorer n探险家；勘探者23appearance n外观；外貌；出现appear vi.出现重点短语1putin order 整理；使条理清楚、有序2fromon 从时起3as_a_result 结果 4go_by 时光流逝；顺便拜访5sothat 如此以至于 6in_a_way 在某种

4、程度上7make_up 弥补；打扮；编造；构成 8with_the_help_of 在的帮助下9deal_with 处理；安排；对付 10watch_over 看守；监视重点句型1“Itbe/动词时间段before”结构，意为“在之后才”I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. (教材P18)2as 引导的时间状语从句As time went by, I was made smaller.

5、(教材P18)3sothat如此以至于Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told.(教材P18)语法要点现在完成时被动语态的结构和用法First as a PC and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.(教材P18)1calculatev计算；核算；推测；估计(1)(2)calculating adj.精于算计的；精

6、明的(3)We are calculating on/upon having fine weather for the sports meeting. 我们指望着运动会那天会有好天气。The advertisement for a new chocolate bar is_calculated (calculate) to attract children.这条新品种巧克力棒的广告是为了吸引孩子。She is wellknown as being very selfish and calculating (calculate)她因十分自私和精于算计而出名。2anyhowadv.无论如何；即使如

7、此Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.(教材P18)不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。anyhow和anyway常可互换，但有区别。(1)anyhow 意为“无论如何，不管怎样，即使如此”(相当于in spite of this)时，可放在句首、句中或句末，其前常有but，可与anyway互换，常用于让步状语从句。(2)表示“况且，更何况，再说，至少”(相当于whats more)时，anyhow与anyway都用作状语，意思的实质是：对于前面的话作补充，给出一个更充分的、令人信服的理由。(

8、3)意为“随意地；杂乱地；无辜地”时，不能用anyway而只能用anyhow。Im afraid we cant come, but thanks for the invitation anyhow (anyway).恐怕我们来不了，不过还是感谢邀请。Its too expensive and anyhow(anyway) the color doesnt suit you.这个太贵，而且颜色也不适合你。The children seem to have been dragged up anyhow instead of being educated properly.这些孩子好像是随便拉扯大

9、的，而不是好好教养大的。3signalvi.& vt.发信号n信号For example, I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.(教材P23)例如，我已经学会了当我前面没人防守有机会射一个好球的时候，用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我。signalThe police signalled the taxi driver to_pull (pull) over by raisin

10、g his hand. 警察举手示意出租车司机把车开过来。He signalled that it was time to leave.他示意该走了。Drivers who give signals (signal) before turning or stopping help prevent accidents.为了避免事故，司机在转弯或停车前会发出信号。【比较网站】signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。sign表示“告示；标记”时，侧重指用图形、文字等所表达的内容，另外还可指“征兆；迹象”。表示“标号，符号”时，同symbol。symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。mar

11、k普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。还可以指污点、污渍、分数、成绩等。4arisevi.出现；发生；起身；起床Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.(教材P23)接着她准备好可行的步骤来应对新情况的出现。【一词多义】 写出下列句中arise的含义。When I arose from the chair, my father and Johns father were in deep conversation. 起身A number of h

12、igh buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. 出现It cant be too careful while driving.Accidents often arise from carelessness. 发生They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park. 起床(1)arise作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词，如：situation, argument, problem, movement等。(2)arise from

13、从站起(rise from)；由而产生；从中产生，意同result from。The present difficulties in our country arise from the increased value of its money.我国目前的困难是货币升值引起的。【比较网站】原形及含义过去式过去分词v.ingarise(vi.)出现；发生；起因于；起身arosearisenarisingarouse(vt.)唤醒；激起arousedarousedarousingrise(vi.)升起；起身；增长；上升roserisenrisingraise(vt.)举起；唤起；提高；饲养；抚养r

14、aisedraisedraising1as a result结果As a result I totally changed my shape.(教材P18)因此，我完全改变了形状。as a result of因为，由于result in结果为；导致result from由引起As a result of the car accident, Jackson couldnt work any longer.由于车祸，杰克逊不能再工作了。You might learn that haste makes waste if you do something so fast, resulting in m

15、istakes.如果你做事只求速度而导致错误，你或许会明白“欲速则不达”。Its generally believed that his cancer resulted from the overfull tiredness.普遍认为他是因为过度劳累而得了癌症。2in a way(in some/one way)在某种程度上；从某一角度看In a way our programmer is like our coach.(教材P23)在某种程度上，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。all the way 一路上；自始至终；完全by the way顺便提一下by way of 路经；经过；经由giv

16、e way to sth/sb屈服/退让/让步于某物/人in no way一点也不；决不(位于句首，句子应使用倒装)in the/ones way妨碍；挡着的路in this way 用这种方法lose ones way迷路；迷失方向make ones way (to/towards)动身；前往；获得成功make way for给让路；让通过on the way即将来临；在途中on ones way to sp在去某地的路上They are travelling to France by way of London. 他们正经伦敦去法国旅行。In no way should you lose

17、heart.你决不应该失去信心。Dont stand in the way. Move aside and let me pass.不要挡着路，靠边点让我过去。Only in this way can you get rid of your bad habits.只有用这种方法你才能戒掉你的坏习惯。Remember to buy some bread on your way home.记住在你回家的路上买些面包。3deal with处理；对付；论及；涉及；与打交道；做买卖 This means that it should clean the house, mop the floors, co

18、ok the dinner and deal with the telephone calls.(教材P24)这就意味着它应该打扫房子、拖地、做饭以及接电话。【一词多义】 写出下列句中deal with的含义。As a child, he never left his parents, so he didnt get used to dealing with everything in school independently. 处理；应付Its a book dealing with life in the United States. 论及；涉及His work experience eq

19、uipped him to deal with all kinds of people. 与打交道Ive dealt with that company for ten years. 与做生意【提示】 deal with表示“处理”时，常与连接副词how连用。do with表示“处理”时，常与连接代词what连用。I dont know how they will deal with the problem.I dont know what they will do with the problem.我不知道他们将如何处理这个问题。1“Itbe/动词时间段before”结构，意为“在之后才”I

20、 developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.(教材P18)我发展很慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯巴比奇才将我制成了一台分析机。【句式点拨】before引导的时间状语从句，意为“过一段时间后才/就”；若主句为将来时，从句则用一般现在时；若主句是一般过去时或过去完成时，则从句用一般过去时。(1)before 引导时间状语从句时，除了译成“在之前”之外，还可表示“还没来得及就”，目的在于强调从句动作

21、发生之前，主句动作已发生。(2)“Itbe时间段since”引导的时间状语从句，表示“自从已经有多长时间了”。主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再过半年你才能毕业。It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。It is three years since she came to our class.她来我们班已经有三年了。2as 引导的时间状语从句As time went by

22、, I was made smaller.(教材P18)随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。【句式点拨】本句中as 是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。【拓展延伸】 with(随着)是介词，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。With time going (go) by, they became close friends.随着时间的流逝，他们变成了好朋友。3so/suchthat如此以至于And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it！(教材P18)我的存储量变得如此之大，甚至连我自己都不能相信！【句

23、式点拨】此句中sothat引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”，so是副词，后面要跟形容词或副词，其用法如下：so that【拓展延伸】 (1)such(2)当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.天气如此热，谁也不想干活。There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters

24、 could not get close to the building. 街上有那么多人观看大火，以至于消防队员无法接近大楼。It is such lovely weather that we all want to go out for a walk.天气那么好，我们都想出去散步。So fast did the teacher speak that I couldnt follow him.The teacher spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.那个老师说得太快，我听不懂。.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1This j

25、ob position has attracted many applicants (apply), so you need to figure out what is unique about yourself.2There is another kind of beauty that has nothing to do withappearance (appear), but comes from the heart.3I cannot totally (total) agree with you, but I think what you said just now is partly

26、reasonable.4If computers had not been invented, many problems on space flight could not have_been_solved (solve). 5At present, the artificial brain research is still at its initial period, and the methods to construct artificial brain are_being_explored (explore). 6Simplifying (simplify) your life m

27、eans being able to say NO to filling up every moment of every day! 7She and Sue remained awake most of the night, watching over the children, and only slept for a couple of hours. 8The use of the tree logo is a universally (universal) recognizable symbol which represents many things, some of which a

28、re life, wisdom, strength, protection and abundance. 9With the help of the telephone, people can keep in touch with anyone at any time and in any place for urgent help. 10Personally (person), I think the best present is not necessarily the most expensive one.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1Having calculated with t

29、he budget, we decided to give up the plan to go abroad for a holiday. 2Can you give me some advice on to / with this difficulty?3The young man sent me such beautiful flowers I found it difficult to refuse his invitation. 4There is little chance that we will manage to change the law, but weve decided

30、 to have a try . 5Other political incidents of this kind were to be dealt as soon as possible, according to the government official.6. the wealth of the country ， more waste will be produced.7The rainy weather helped me in way, which gave me a good excuse not to go to the party. 8With many problems

31、， I felt at a loss where to start, so I had to turn to Mr Wang for help. 9It wont be long before we will know the result of the experiment.10The fact that many species are dying out results more and more pollution. .课文语法填空I began as a 1calculating (calculate) machine in France in 1642. It took nearl

32、y 200 years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. After I 2was_programmed (program) by an operator who used cards with holes, I could “think” 3logically (logical) and produce an answer quicker than any person. In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I co

33、uld be made to work as a “universal machine” 4to_solve (solve) any difficult 5mathematical (mathematics) problem. From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. As time went by, I was made smaller, first as a PC and then as a laptop. I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970

34、s.Then my memory 6improved (improve), and I totally changed my shape. In the early 1960s, they gave me a family 7connected (connect) by a network. I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.Since the 1970s many new 8applications (apply) have been found for me. I have bec

35、ome very important in communication, finance, trade, robots and mobile phone and even 9medical (medicine) operations and space rockets. Anyhow my goal is to become a devoted friend and helper of the human race and to provide them with a life 10of high quality.阅读理解AIt seems that technology could be c

36、hanging the places where we live. A project conducted by Johann Siau, a senior lecturer at the University of Hertfordshires School of Engineering and Technology, has built on the universitys InterHome project aimed to create a home that supervises people living at home who are weak or elderly.“Weve

37、developed a wristband type of device(装置)，” said Johann Siau, “which allows us to monitor the condition of an elderly person, or whoever is wearing the device. It allows us to collect data of a person to see if the person has fallen or is away from where they are supposed to be. It connects an elderl

38、y person with an assisted living type of device with the InterHome.” The assisted living project is part of the universitys wider InterHome project, which is the development of a smart house. The house stores the usage patterns of the person living there and can adapt to making it use as little ener

39、gy as possible. Connecting the two together and building the service element(元素) allow us to introduce the assisted living idea to care for the elderly. Its very important that these technologies are there to help and support rather than to replace any of the existing services.The InterHome is not j

40、ust a prototype(雏形) or a vehicle for research. Its a study tool to help students from different scientific backgrounds learn about and develop technology. The InterHome combines the latest broadband technology, mobile data and communication. Researchers and students make sure that all the technology

41、 works together. Students get experience by developing new hardware and software themselves. It requires a variety of skills from studentselectronic engineers, computer students, design students and so on. “The present plan we are working on is a smart home project in Watford with some commercial co

42、mpanies，” said Johann Siau. “We are looking at how a smarter home can provide extra value services.”语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了一个旨在为居家老弱人士服务的智能屋项目。1The underlined word “supervises” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_”Awatches over Bgives support toCdirects Dcomforts解析 A词义猜测题。根据第二段的allows us to monitor the condition

43、 of an elderly person, or whoever is wearing the device，并结合画线词所在句子的语境可推知，supervise与monitor, watch over同义，故选A项。2What is the InterHome project intended to do?ACall on the students to care for old people.BProvide better care and services for the elderly.CCarry out all the work the existing services do.

44、DDevelop houses that mainly aim to save energy.解析 B细节理解题。根据第一段的InterHome project aimed to create a home that supervises people living at home who are weak or elderly和第二段的倒数第二句可知，这个项目旨在为老年人提供更好的护理和服务，故选B项。3What can we learn about the InterHome project from the article?AIt is a large collection of man

45、y existing technologies.BIt is just a platform to help students to do research work.CIt is a smart home project developed by different universities.DIt allows students to put into use and try out what theyve learned.解析 D推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可推知，这一项目有利于学生学习和开发技术，故选D项。4What is the main purpose of the author

46、 in writing this article?ATo build up a new platform for students to develop new technology.BTo show how future buildings will change elderly peoples way of life.CTo describe a new project that aims to develop a smart home for the elderly.DTo introduce a new kind of technology to help people to enjo

47、y a better life.解析 C写作意图题。根据第一段第二句并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个旨在为居家老弱人士服务的智能屋项目，故选C项。B(2018辽宁六校协作体高三联考)I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era.Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a h

48、uman being in a coffee place, with my two daughters. The place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we went down the narrow stairs, where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down.

49、Just as I was in the middle of the stairs, a gentleman entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase. I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up. I kept coming down as fast as I could. My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly,

50、hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort.Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door. I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back thinking he wa

51、s still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass t

52、hrough before going up.Such well mannered people are hard to find these days, when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society. We applauded for his chivalry(骑士精神)语篇导读本文为记叙文。如今，在推搡冲撞现象横行的社会中，“绅士”着实难寻。作者曾认为礼节是过去才为人推崇的事，现在已经被人遗忘。但是最近，她在咖啡馆遇到一个人之后，她的想法改变了5What did the author think of

53、the man at the first sight of him?AHe was in a hurry. BHe would wait for her.CHe would cross her rudely. DHe was a man with good manners.解析 C细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，作者起初认为她会被这个着急上楼的人粗暴地推开，故选C项。6Why did the authors daughters worry about her?AShe was too old to walk fast. BShe was easy to be disturbed.CShe t

54、ook up too much space. DShe focused too much on the man.解析 B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，“我”那两个女儿已经下楼了，她们忧心忡忡地抬头看着“我”，希望“我”能够在这个陌生人上楼前下来，因为她们知道“我”是一个容易神经紧张的人，故选B项。7What can we learn about the man from Paragraph 4?AHe might be a waiter of the caf.BHe might have an urgent business to do.CHe fell in love with one

55、 of the authors daughters.DHe would hold the door open for all. 解析 B推理判断题。根据第四段第四句可知，作者看见他以一步两阶楼梯的速度上了楼，推测他应该有急事要做，故选B项。.语法填空(2018山东章丘高三联考)Im agine a road crossing without the threeway traffic signal. Cars, trucks, school buses, bicyclists and students walking to school would try to rush through the

56、 crossing 1at the same time. Their safety would be in danger.Thanks to an AfricanAmerican 2inventor (invent) named Garrett Augustus Morgan, we have threeposition traffic signals that help make crossings much safer. Mr Morgan was born in Kentucky in 1877. He only 3received (receive) six years educati

57、on. As a teen he left his familys farm in search of better opportunities. 4Living (live) in Cincinnati, Ohio, he continued his studies in English grammar. Then he moved on to Cleveland 5where he worked as a repairman for a clothing factory. He had a keen interest in solving problems 6met (meet) in e

58、veryday life. Later he patented(获得的专利权) several inventions. The threeway traffic signal was just one of his famous inventions. One day he felt very sad when he saw a traffic accident. 7To help (help) reduce traffic accidents and save peoples lives, he 8immediately (immediate) began to work on the in

59、vention. Finally, it was 9a great success which saved lives then, and 10is (be) still saving lives today.语篇导读 本文为记叙文，介绍了三岔路交通信号灯的发明者。1at解析 考查介词。句意：汽车、卡车、校车、骑自行车的人和步行去学校的学生可能同时会想冲过十字路口。at the same time同时，为固定搭配。2inventor解析 考查词性转换。句意：多亏一位名叫加勒特奥古斯塔斯摩根的非裔美国发明家，我们才拥有了三岔路口的交通信号灯，它能帮助我们更安全地过马路。设空前有冠词an和Afri

60、canAmerican修饰，因此空处应用名词；根据named Garrett Augustus Morgan可知，此处指人。3received解析 考查时态。句意：他仅仅接受了六年的教育。根据句意，此处讲述过去的事情，故用一般过去时。4Living解析 考查非谓语动词。句意：他居住在俄亥俄州的辛辛那提并继续学习英语语法。live与主语he之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作伴随状语。5where解析 考查连词。句意：之后他搬去了克利夫兰市，在那里他在一家服装厂当修理工。这是定语从句，先行词为Cleveland，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。6met解析 考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语

61、had，空处应用非谓语动词，meet与problems之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。7To help解析 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助减少交通事故并拯救人们的生命，他立刻开始致力于这项发明。根据句意可知，空处在句中作目的状语，故应用动词不定式。8immediately解析 考查词性转换。副词作状语修饰谓语动词began。9a解析 考查冠词。句意：最终，这项发明取得了巨大成功，拯救了无数生命，并在当今仍在拯救生命。success在此为抽象名词具体化，表示“一件成功的事”，其前应用不定冠词a。10is解析 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语today可知，此处应用一般现在时；主语为it，

62、故填is。.短文改错It was a day at the grocery store. Two girls were in line me with balloons. They appeared to be in hurry so I asked if they wanted to go ahead of me. They were very thankful. One girl said she had a nephew and something happened to him at birth. The balloons were for his birthday. They were chatting together with their rush to get all the things done for the party because offered to help. I to pay for the balloons. They refused at first I insisted. I said，“Tell your sweet nephew that therere still nice people in this world.” They thanked to me again