国中小语写作课程发展及设计

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1、國立成功大學外文系閔慧慈minhuitzmail.ncku.edu.tw九年一貫英文課程綱要目標:聽說讀寫基本能力思考問題:一)國中小學生在英文科目“寫”這一技巧 上應具備那些能力？二)英語教師應具備哪些知識，俾能設計出溝通式寫作教學活動，以培養訓練學生寫作技巧?學齡前幼童英語書寫能力發展六大階段1.Scribble2.Prephonemic stage3.Early phonemic4.Letter-name stage5.Transitional stage6.Conventional(引自Sulzby&Teale,1985,1986;Temple,Nathan,&Burris,1982;

2、Weaver,1988)Preparing Students for Writingw 1.Using print in the classroom:Students need to explore the ways that print informs,entertains,displays intentions,and enhances learning.w 2.Writing daily:drawing,creative spelling are acceptablew 3.Promoting discussion prior to writing:various types of li

3、sts and labels for objects are an important source for beginning students.w 4.Tapping student interest:strike a balance between curriculum and student needsw 5.Providing reasons for writing What is a Communicative Writing Activity?wIt is a writing activity that is1)purposeful2)authentic3)meaningful4

4、)contextualized國小學生應具備之英文寫的技巧w 認識辨別英文印刷體大小寫(recognition and identification of English print letters,both upper and lower)w 英文印刷體大小寫之模寫(trace)書寫(copy)w 簡易英文單字之書寫(names)w 簡易英文句子之書寫(No running.)w 英文標點符號之運用Recognition&Identification of English Lettersw 1.Searching capitals(evaluation)w 2.Examining typog

5、raphical conventions(g,g,g,g,g,g,g)w 3.Look for signs that show English lettersw 3.Coloring&Matchingw 4.Remembering&Matchingw 5.Punctuation and capitalsCopyingw 1.Overwritingw 2.Delayed copyingw 3.Making word listsw 4.Select©w 5.Personalizing the course bookw 6.Creative copying(Who wants to eat

6、like the English teacher?)w 7.Copy&Correct:find a text which contains a number of examples of obviously bizarre English and ask students to correct them.Writing Words&Sentencesw 1.Spell with a differencew 2.Listing:enabling students to write a fully punctuated text about a topic of interest to thems

7、elves.-We want to have good grades.-Then you need to work hard,go to bed late,etc.3.Consequences:Writing Words&Sentences(Cont.)w Ask students to write a story of seven sentences-Dictate This story took place in.(place)-Dictate It was a.day(weather)-On one side there was(name,a famous person)-Nearby

8、was(name,another famous person)-He said to her,“”-She replied to him,“”-The consequence was .國中學生應具備之英文寫的技巧w Controlled writing(unscramble sentences,fill-in exercise,dictation,),picture writingw Fee writing:pre-writing activities(talking about the subject,compose word stars,vocabulary charts,topic v

9、ocabulary,dialogues)w Communicative writing:e-mail writing,note writing,thank-you note,leave of absence,invitation(communicative writing activities)Controlled Writingw 1)unscramble wordsw E.g.,meet/at/we/my house/couldw 2)substitute pronouns(change“he”into“I”)w E.g.,Yesterday was Bills birthday.His

10、mom and dad threw him a birthday party.Many of his friends were at the party.They played games,sang songs,blew candles and ate the birthday cake.Bill got a lot of gifts.He had a great time.w 3)fill-in exerciseControlled Writing(Cont.)w I like_.w I dont like_.w I hate _.w I enjoy_.Question:How can yo

11、u turn one of the controlled exercises into a contextualized one which is purposeful and meaningful to your students?Controlled Writing(Cont.)w 4)dictationw E.g.,Puss is my cat.He is an unusual cat.He likes to play with dogs and run after motorcycles.w 5)poem writingw E.g.,Controlled Writing(Cont.)w6)picture writingwE.g.,This is _.wHe is a(n)_.Free Writingw Brainstormingw Clusteringw Loopingw Outliningw Topic sentencew (talking about the subject,compose word stars,vocabulary charts,topic vocabulary,dialogues)