学而思新概念语法整理

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1、第一人第二人称称人称代词单复单复数数数数主人格1weyouyou称代词宾格meusyouyou语法一： 人称代词单数hehim第三人称sheher复数itittheythemIt s red.I m Chinese.I m from China.I come from China.It s my bag.I m a mechanic.It sunny/rainy/snowy/cloudy.It s pleasant/warm/wet/dry.句型转化（Be动词做谓语） 肯定句：主语+be动词 否定句：主语+be动词+not 一般疑问句：be动词+主语？ 物主代词Iweyouyouhesheit

2、theymyouryouryourhisheritstheir特殊疑问句：What colour is ？ What n ati on ality are you? Where are you from? Where do you come from? Whose bag is it?What s your job?What s the weather like What s the climate like?语法一、不可数名词定义：抽刀断水水更流”（难以分开的一个整体，不可分割的事物）。特点：1前面无a/an,后无s;2、表达复数用量词修饰，量词可数；Eg. Milk-a bottle of

3、 milk-two bottles ofmilkSoap-abar of soap-three bars of soap二、some 禾口 any 用法相同点：表示一些，后面都可加可数名词复数或不可数名词不同点：some常用在肯定句，但是在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定 回答时，多用some而不用any;any用在否定句和疑问句。三、指代用法One指代可数名词单数Ones指代可数名词复数Any可指代可数名词复数或不可数名词四、句型1 Do you like ?Yes, I do.Yes, I do. But I don t want No, I don t.2、Do you w

4、ant ？Yes, please.No,thank you / thanks. I don t like 五、名词复数特殊变化规则：可数名词的不规则复数变 化woma n-wome n, man-men, tooth-teeth,deer-deer, child-childre n, fish-fish, foot-feet,goose-geese, sheep-sheep, ox-oxe n国人变化：中日两瑞永不变， 英法荷兰A变E,其他国人S 加后边.Japanese -Japanes Englishman-Englishmen ;Chin ese Chi nese; Germa nGer

5、ma ns ; America n America ns语法三、介词in在.里on在.上under在.下面beside在/ . 1 1 -.旁边between在两者中间among三者或以上中间over在.上 （无接触面的垂直上方；从一端到另一端）above在.上 （无接触面的上方，不一定垂直）across横穿、穿过 （强调从表面越过）through穿过（强调从中间穿过）along沿着二、 There be 句型与 have got 句型1.There be 句型： 定义： 某地 （或某时 ）存在 有某人 （或某物 ）。句型结构： 肯定句： There is+ 单数可数名词 或 不可数名词 +地

6、点There are+复数可数名词+地点 否定句 （ be 动词后加 not）：There is not+单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点There are not+复数可数名词+地点疑问句（be动词提前）：Is there +单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点？Are there +复数可数名词 +地点？特点： “就近原则 2.have got 句型：定义： 它表示某物归某人（某物）所有，是一种 所属关系 。句型结构： 否定句： 在have或has后加not,缩写为have nt has n t. 疑问句：把have或has提前特点： 主语为第三人称单数时， have 要变成 has。 语法三：小

7、升初小练兵1. There is a bridge the river.A. over B. onC. above D. below2. They spent about ten days to gothe big desert （沙漠）A.across B. through C. over D. along3. 用 there be 或 have got 填空：1）I a good father and a good mother.2） any books in the bookcase?3） a picture and a clock on the wall.4）She some dres

8、ses.5）What does Mike ?语法四 一般现在时 一般现在时用法（1）表示 经常性，习惯性 ,永久性 的动作。often 经常， usually 通常， always 总是， everyday 每天， sometimes 有时（ 2）表示事物的 状态或特征 There is a scar on his forehead.（3）表示 客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言，谚语等。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.注： 只有在第三人称单数时用动词的 “三单变化 ”，其他用动词的原形。 动词变为第

9、三人称单数形式的变化规则：1.多数在动词后 s（1）直接在动词词尾加 -s.play plays like likes stay-staysask-askswork-worksget-gets（2）以字母 s, x, ch, sh 或 o 结尾的动词，在词尾直接加 -es. watch-watches wish-wishesfix-fixesdo-doesgo-goespass-passes（3）以 辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词，要先变 y为i再加-es.try-triesstudy-studies cry-criesfly-flies2.不规则变化：be is havehas一般现在时的句子转

10、换： 陈述句（肯定句）：主语加动词原形/动词第三人称单数；（ 主语 + do/does.）一般疑问句：在主语前加助动词do （you,以及复数）,does （单数she, he, it）变成问句；（ Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 .）否定句：在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don 11, you,以及复数）,doesn （单数she, he, it）变成否定句，助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。（主语 + don t/doesn动词原形）例：肯定句 : I like grapes.否定句 : I don t like grapes. 一般疑问句 : Do you like grapes?肯定句

11、： She gets up early every morning. 否定句 tShe doesn get up early every morning. 一般疑问句 tDoes she get up early every morning?语法五 现在进行时态一、现在进行时态的含义表示现在正在进行或发生的动作， 也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的 动作。二、现在进行时各种句式的结构肯定句： 主语 + am/is/are + V.ingE.g. We are having a class.He is painting.She is playing.否定句： 主语 + am/is/a

12、re + V.ingE.g. We are not having a class.He is not painting.She is not playing.疑问句： Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V.ingE.g. Are you having a class ？Is he painting ？Is she playing ？三、动词变化规则(1) “直 ” ： 一般情况下，直接加ing，如： do-doing ， cook-cooking ， stand-standing(2) 去”：以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing ,如： come-coming ， dance-dancing(3)

13、“双”： 重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 ing，如： run-running, stop-stopping swim-swimming, forget-forgetting双写规则： 1、重读在词尾；2 、闭音节(短音节)；3 、单辅音字母(在一般情况下，如果某一单词是以一个辅音字母结尾，而这个辅音的前面是读长元音 或双元音，就不能双写这个辅音字母。如 read-reading, think-thinking 等。)(4) 改”：改 ie 为 y，加 ing如： die-dying lie-lying语法五 小升初小练笔 一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play run swim mak

14、e go likewrite ski read have sing dance二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1. The boy ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen ！ Some girls ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother ( cook )some nice food now.4. What you ( do ) now?5. Look ！ They ( have) an English lesson .三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .( 分别改成一般疑问句和否定句 ) 2 The

15、students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答 ) 语法六：一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如:last year, yesterday 等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。注意：发生在过去时间的动作，并已经结束。/ am/is-was一、be动词 are were1句式结构：肯定句：主语 + was/were + We were very tired yesterday. 我们昨天很累。否定句：主语 + wasn t/weren

16、 t +I wasn t at horyiesterday. 我昨天不在家。一般疑问句：-Was/were +主语+？-Yes,主语 + was/were.-No,主语 + wasn t/weren t.2、般现在时与一般过去时的比较（例子见下表）：一般现在时every-一般过去时 yesterdayShe goes to school everyday,But yesterday morning she went shopp ing.She plays football every afternoon,But yesterday after noon she played basketbal

17、l.She chats with(禾口。聊天)her friends every evening on line,But yesterday evening she chatted with her friends on email.二、行为动词1句子构成。肯定句：主语+动词的过去式 +.I went to the zoo yesterday. 我昨天去公园了。 否定句：主语 + did n ot (did nt) + 动词原形 + .I did nt go to school yesterday. 我昨天没去上学。 一般疑问句：-Did +主语 +动词原形 + .?-Yes,主语 + did

18、.-No,主语 + did not(didnt)-Did you buy a book last Mon day?-Yes, I did.-No, I did nt.特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did +主语+动词原形+ .?1) -What did you do last night?-I did my homework.2) -When did you go to the zoo?-I went to the zoo yesterday.2、动词过去式变形1）直”一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。女口： look-looked; work-worked; play-played2）去”以不发音

19、的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。女口： live-lived; move-moved-ed。3）双”末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 女口： stop-stopped; drop-dropped4）改”末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。 如: study-studied; carry-carried5）特不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。am/is -vasare werehave/has haddo/does didcan could will wouldshallshouldswim swam sing sangring rangsitsa

20、tcomecamegive gave run ran drink dra nk become became begi nbega n buy boughtbring brought catch caught think thought teach taughtsendsentgowentlend lentspe ndspe nt mea n menatbuild builtlose lostfeelfeltlear nlearn t/lear nedsmell sleepsleptput putcutcuthit hit read read hurthurtlet let beat beat

21、costcostwritewrote rideroderiserosewin -won drive drovespeakspokeget got forget forgotchoosechosesell soldwake wokebreakbrokesweep sweptsmelt3、标志词yesterday 系歹Uyesterday morning; yesterday after noon; yesterday eveningago系列a minute ago; an hour ago; a day ago; a week ago; a month ago; year ago; two d

22、ays ago; six years agothis系列this month; this weeklast系列last mon th; last yearthe.before lastthe week before last; the mon th before last语法六 小升初练习题一、请用正确动词形式填空。1. I (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. she (practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she 3. What Tom (do) on Saturday evening?He (watch) TV

23、 and (read) an interesting book.4. They all (go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She (not visit) her aunt last weekend.二、改写句子：1、 Lucy did her homework at home. (改否定句)Lucy her homework at home.2、 He found some meat in the fridge (冰箱) .(变一般疑问句 ) he meat in the fridge?3、She stayed there for a wee

24、k.(对划线部分提问) she there?4、There was some orange in the cup.(变一般疑问句 ) there orange in the cup?语法七 一般将来时1.will含义： 将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。 肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形It will rain.否定句：主语 + will not (wont) + 动词原形He wont be late for school. 一般疑问句： Will + 主语 + 动词原形？-Will it snow in GZ?-Yes, it will.-No, it

25、will not (wont).2. be going to打算，含义： 近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为 将要做某事 。肯定句：主语 + be going to + 动词原形I am going to travel. He/She is going to travel.We/They/You are going to travel.否定句：主语 + be not going to + 动词原形I am not going to travel. He/She is not going to travel. We/They/You are not going t

26、o travel. 一般疑问句： Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 ?Are you going to travel?Is he/she going to travel?Are we/they/you going to travel?3、时间标志词tomorrow; tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening;next year/week/month/hour ;this afternoon/Sunday/evening ;in the future;in + 一段时间时态小口诀 英语动作有四种：经常做，正在做，将要做和过去做。 经常做用动原或三单，

27、 遇到他她它单个做改三单； 要借 do 或 does 变问否， 后面动词用原型。正在做用be+动词ing , 两个朋友不分离 , be 用 am,is ,are 来代替。将要做有两种：用will (shall)加动原或 be going to加动原。 过去做，很简单，对照经常做动词变成过去式 , 要借 did 变问否 ,后面动词用原型语法八：（请您记住以下新概念英语一册1-144课的所固定搭配短语）I beg your pardonNice to meet you （ too ）Look at How do you doBe carefulA loaf of breadA bar of soa

28、p/chocolateA bottle ofA pound ofHalf a pound ofA quarter ofA tin ofHurry up ！Next doorBlack coffeeWhite coffeeCome home from school Come home from workIn the morningIn the afternoonIn the eveningAt noonAt nightAt the momentWhats the time?Come upstairsCome downstairs Hundreds of On the way homeThis m

29、orningThis afternoonThis evening tonightYesterday morning Yesterday afternoonYesterday eveningLast nightThe day before yesterday in The day before yesterday in The day before yesterday in The night before lastA low markA high mark请您在重复（说）一遍（我也）很高兴见到你看你好小心一块面包 一块香皂 /巧克力 一瓶 . 一磅 . 半磅 .四分之一 . 一听 .快点！ 隔

30、壁 不加牛奶的咖啡 加牛奶的咖啡 放学回家 下班回家 早上 下午 晚上 中午 夜里 此刻 几点钟？ 上楼 下楼数以百计的 在回家的途中 今天早晨 今天下午 今天晚上 今天夜里 昨天早晨 昨天下午 昨天晚上 昨天夜里 the morning前天早晨the afternoon 前天下午 the evening前天晚上前天夜间 分数很底 分数很高She said to herselfThe way to In fashion I m afraid I m sure A lot ofAt allGoing on holidayHave been to All the time Have been to

31、 Drive into For saleHave the last wordThe R.A.F. Return ticketNext door to In five ho urs time Go backThe othe day Fell downstairsThe Y.H.A. Cheer up Full of Would you like ? Could you ?Buy on instalments Small change Go back to sleep To take with Have toBy myself By yourself By himself By herself B

32、y itself By ourselves By yourselves By themselves By oneself Not that long ago At He can t be He must be她心中暗想 到 的走法 流行的，时髦的 我恐怕 我确信，我肯定 许多（用于肯定句） 丝毫、更本、一点也不 度假 到过 一直，始终 到过 撞倒 供出售、出售 最后决定、最后才算 英国皇家空军 往返票 与 相邻，在 隔壁 在五小时之后。返回 几天前 从楼上摔下来 青年招待所协会 振作起来 充满了 你愿意 ？你能？（比Can you更婉转客气） 以分期付款的方式购买 零钱继续睡觉 把 带上（ w

33、ith 后跟人称宾格） 不得不（过去式 Had to）我自己 你自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 我们自己 你们自己 他 /她 /它们自己 独自的 没那么久（以的方式进行、做某事）他不可能 他肯定是 He can t have been 他那时不可能 He must have benn 他那时肯定是 Dont be so sure别那么肯定He may 他可能 He might 他可能 （没有Make up minds打定主意（ upLook after照看In the end最后In the first instance首先，起初He may be 他可能是 He may have been 他

34、可能己经 I m ot sure我不敢肯定I wonder why我想知道为什么A long time (ago)很早（前）Get married结婚Depend on 依靠，取决于 I m late for我因为 而迟到By the way顺便（问，说）I m dressed in 我穿戴着 Make up her face往她的脸上施脂粉He might 的程度强）后跟人称宾格）Make myselft beautifulWas covered withI went for Pice of paper Cigarette endsTake outPut awayHundreds of Ro

35、und the world把自己打扮漂亮 覆盖着 （ 表明目的）纸片烟头拿出放到一边 成百上千的 周游世界季节、月份、星期Spring春节Summer夏天Autumn秋天Winter冬天January一月February二月March三月April四月May五月June六月July七月August八月September九月October十月November十一月December十二月Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Tursday星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六Sunday星期日Weekend周未语法九 一.情态动词定义：在句子中通常用来表示“能力”、

36、 “请求或许可 ”必须 、可能等表示情感或态度的动词情态动词 can： 含义（一）：表能力，意为 “能、会 ”Can you speak French?Yes, I can. / No, I can t. 含义（二）：表请求或许可，意为 “可以 ”Can you open the window?注意： can 一般上级对下级或长辈对晚辈，对长辈上级用 could 结构： can+ 动词原形情态动词 must ： 含义：表义务，意为 “必须 ”You must finish the work today.Must I finish the work today?Yes, you must./ N

37、o, you needn t.注意： 1. must 表示必须时，否定式为 needn；t2. mustn表示禁止、不准”We mustn t play football on the road.结构： must+ 动词原形拓展：1、have to 不得不，必须（客观）；must 必须，一定（主观） ;have to （ 第三人称单数用 has to）+ 动词原形 ;My mother is not at home, so I have to eat outside.2、May 比 can 更委婉的请求May I come in? Yes, you may. / No, you can t.二

38、.可数 /不可数名词修饰词1、a lot of + 可数名词复数 /不可数名词（表示许多，多用于肯定句）2、many+可数名词复数 eg. many booksmuch+ 不可数名词 eg. much chocolate3、some 与 any相同点： + 可数名词复数 /不可数名词不同点：some多用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句，some 还可表示 委婉的请求，希望征得 肯定的回答。Would you like some tea? / Could you give me some water, please?Yes, please. / No, thank you.语法九小升初小练笔一

39、、说明下列句中情态动词的含义。(A.能力；B.许可；C.猜测)。()I. “ Ymust write more n eatly,” steidcther.()2. He s notin the office.must have gone to the meeting.()3. Visitors mustn move and touch the exhibits.()4. The girl can play the violin very well.()5. Can I smoke here?、完成对话，每空一词A: Lily, would you like someth ing to drin

40、k?B: Yes, I m thirsty now.A: What?B: I a cup of tea, please.A: Would you like?B: No, thank you. I m not hungry. you? Do you want something to eat?A: Yes, I m hungry now. I d like some cakes.C: Howcakes would you like?A: Four cakes, please. And a bottle of apple juice.C: Anything else?A: No, that s a

41、ll.C: Here you are.语法十 现在完成时 请认真读背以下句子，感受其句意！ Have you been to the cinema? Ive already （已经） seen it. I saw it last year. rve never（从不）been there. Have you ever （曾经） been there?Have your mechanics finished yet （已经） ？ Have you met Mrs. Jones yet? Yes，I have. When did you meet her? I met her two weeks

42、ago.现在完成时含义：1）表示过去发生在过去，并且已经结束，强调对现在造成的影响。She has lost her books 她丢失了她的书 .（表示到目前为止还没有找到）2）表示动作发生于过去，持续到了现在I have lived in Beijing for three years. （强调 live in Guangzhou 这个动作从过去开始持续到 了现在 ）现在完成时结构：（一）肯定式主语助动词 have has 过去分词其它Ive just copied all the new words 我刚抄写了所有的生词。（表示不要再抄了 ）（二）否定式主语助动词 have h as n

43、 ot 过去分词其它I havent finished my homework yet 我还没有完成我的作业。（三）一般疑问式助动词 Have Has 主语过去分词其它 ？Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？Yes ， I have 是的，我做过。现在完成时标志词：already ,yet , since , so far（ 到目前为止 ） ，up to now（ 到目前为止 ）in the past /last years 在过去的几年中it is the first/secondtime: It is my first time I have be

44、en here.一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢？ 一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday 连用；强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。 现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。He saw the film last night. （ 过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了，现在不知还要不要再看 一次）He has （ever） seen the film before.（现在 完成时，表时他已看过那部电影，现在不想再看了）语法十 小升初小练笔( )1 Who is Mary ？ ？ I

45、saw you talking with her at the meeting A Dont you meet her yetB Didnt you met her yetCHavent you met her yetD Hadnt you met her yet( )2 How do you like Beijing ， Mr Black ？ Oh ， I such a beautiful city A dont visitB didnt visitChavent visitedD hadnt visited( )3 The old people lonely at all since we

46、 began to visit them once a weekAdont feelB hasnt feltC havent feltD.didn t feel( ) 4We have lived here five years ago AwhenB sinceC beforeDafter1、He has already finished his homework (改为否定句)He finished his homework 2 They have found the lost books already (改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答) they the lost books ？ No，

47、they 3 Julia has not got home from school yet (改为肯定句)Julia home from school 语法十一1. have 与 have got 的用法相同点：均表示有”不同点：have既可在正式也可在非正式场合用，have got非正式场合I have a bear. = I have got a bear.注意否定改法差异：have 否定形式 don have，第三人称 does nt havehave got 否定形式，have nt got,第三人称 has nt got2. have动词的多用法你能举出什么例子呢？我们熟悉的有：ha

48、ve breakfast, have lunch, have supper （这里 have 指 eat）have water,have a bottle of coca, （这里 have 指 drink）have a good time, have a trip, have a bath.3. 行为动词have用法含义：吃、喝、从事、经历（eat/drink/take/experienee）have fun高兴have a good time玩的咼兴have a rest休息have a bath洗澡have a swim游泳have a holiday度假have a talk谈话hav

49、e a look at看一下have breakfast吃早餐have lunch吃午饭have supper吃晚餐have dinner吃正餐have a haircut理发have some medici ne吃药have a meet ing开会have a walk散步4. have 与 have got 用法1）have 和 have got 均指有”have/has eg. It has two eggs.have got/ has got eg. It has got two eggs.2）否定形式don t have/doesn t hegeIt doesn t have tw

50、o eggs.haven got/hasn t got eg. It hasn t got two eggs.3）区别have既可以用在正式也可以在非正式场合使用；have got主要用于口语等非正式场合下语法一小升初小练笔Story Time （用have/have got的正确形式填空，赶紧练习一下哦）：Star a pet, that is, Garfield. Garfieldmany bad habbits.He gets up very late and a lot of meat every day. Hea large bed,so he has to sleep on the

51、 floor every ni ght. What about you?youa lovely pet?语法十二 直接引语与间接引语1、直接引语：直接引用他人的原话He says, “ I have just arrived in Scotland.2、间接引语：间接转述他人的原话He says that he has just arrived in Scotland.3、直接引用变成间接引语A 变符号： 把逗号和引号变成 thatB 变人称： 一主二宾三不变（第一人称和主句主语对应，第二人称和主句宾语对应，第三人称不用变）C 变时态：主现从随便 （主句是一般现在时，从句随着间接引用可以为任意

52、时态） e.g. I think that you were right.主过从也过 （主句是一般过去时，从句需要变成过去的相应时态）e.g. He said that he is right. （ X ） He said that he was right. 真理永一现 （如果从句描述的是真理，真理永远用一般现在时）e.g. He said that the light travels faster than the sound. 语法十三：词法need dare be able tohave(got)tohad better(best)used toappearbe becomefallf

53、eelgetgogrow keeplookproveremainrestrun seemsmellsoundstaytasterurn2 .记住以下常见助动词behave dowillsouldshall3 .记住以下常见情态动词cancould maymightmustought一.动词：（表示动作或状态等。 ）1.记住以下常见系动词4 .记住以下常见半情态动词should二. 冠词（用在名词前帮助说明其词义）三. 名词（表示人或事物的名称）四. 代词（用来代替名词或数词等，包含反身代词）五. 形容词（用来修饰名词或代词）六. 副词（用来修饰动词、形容词、或副词）七. 介词（用在名词、代词等

54、前面，表示与别的词的关系）八. 数词（表示数目或顺序）九. 连词（用来加接词与词或句与句） 十.感叹词（表示说话时的感情或口气）语法十四 词法规则一、可数名词的复数规则变化1、一般情况下未尾加 “s。”2、以 x, ss, sh, ch, x 结尾的名词加“es。”3、以 ce,se,ze,( d” ge 结尾的词加 “s。”4、以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变“y为“i在加“es”5、以元音字母 +y 结尾的词,直接加 “s。”6、以f, fe结尾的名词一般变f或fe为v在加“es（以f或fe结尾的部分名词可直接加“”7、以0结尾的名词一般加 “s” （部分以辅音字母+0 结尾的加 “es”二、规

55、则动词的过去式 . 过去分词变化 . 动词现在分词的变化1、一般动词过去式在未尾加“ ed。2、结尾是e的动词加“d。3、未尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加“ ed。4、结尾是辅音字母+y的动词，先变“y为“在加“ed。5、动词的现在分词一般情况下在原形后加“ ing。6、如果以e结尾的动词则去 “e在加“ing来构成现在分词。7、如果动词只有一个元音字母，而后面跟了一个辅音字母时，则需双写辅音字母再加 “ing来构成动词的现在分词。三、形容词与副词的比较级、最高级（比较级在未尾加“er而最高级在未尾加“est）”它们都遵循着以下规则1、一般情况下单音节的形容词或副词

56、则在原形未尾加“er。2、如果以e结尾的形容词或副词则加“r。”3、有些以y结尾的双音节词，如果 y前面是一个辅音字母则变“y为“i在加“er”（如果是最高级则在形容词前加冠词“ The然后形容词或副词未尾加“ est,其它规则一样。”语法十五 词法 词法一：副词的用法一. 修饰动词，放在动词的前面； 二 .修饰形容词，放在形容词的前面:1. too 的用法表示 太.修饰形容词It s too late.tooto太以至于不能She is too busy to talk with me.2. very 的用法 表示 “很修或“非常 修 It s very interesting.3. eno

57、ugh 的用法eno ugh+名词 There are eno ugh books. 形容词 +enough This book is easy enough.词法二：动词不定式（动词 +to do ）1、肯定形式：Want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.让某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事2、否定形式dont/doesn t want/ask/tell sb. to do=want/ask/tell sb not to do语法十六形容词1形容词的比较级和最高级 规则变化单词的比较级和最高级举例口 诀单音节词，末尾直接 + er/-esttall直单音节词以-e结尾，去 e+ er/-estnice去以重读闭音节结尾 的单词，双写末尾 辅音字母 + er/-estfat双以-y结尾的单词， 改 y 变 i+er/-esthap py改其他双音节和多音 节词，都在前面加 more/mostbeautiful加不规则变化原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestbadworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/elder