天津专版高考英语二轮复习专题一语法知识第十讲形容词与副词

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1、第十讲形容词与副词考点1形容词与副词的语境辨析1Only five years after Steve Jobs death,smart-phones defeated _ PCs in sales.(2017江苏,29)Acontroversial BcontradictoryCconfidential Dconventional答案D解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:仅仅在史蒂夫乔布斯去世五年之后,智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。语境提到smart-phones(智能手机),与之对应的PCs(personal computers)应该用形容词conventional修饰,表示“传统的

2、”。controversial有争议的;contradictory自相矛盾的;confidential机密的。故选D。2The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But _ explanations are hard to find.(2017江苏,34)Aalternative BaggressiveCambiguous Dapparent答案A解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:恐龙的灭绝不一定是因为天体的碰撞,但也难以找到别的解释。空格处与前面的“未必”(not nec

3、essarily)呼应,这里用alternative表示“另外的,可替代的”。aggressive好斗的,挑衅的;ambiguous模棱两可的,不明确的;apparent显而易见的,明白的。3I want to see Mr White.We have an appointment.Im sorry,but he is not _ at the moment,for the meeting hasnt ended.(2017天津,3)Abusy BactiveCconcerned Davailable答案D解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:我想见怀特先生。我们已经约好了。很抱歉,但是此刻他没空(

4、available),因为会议还没有结束。D项available可表示“(人)有空的”,符合语境。busy忙碌的;active活跃的;concerned担忧的。4His comprehensive surveys have provided the most _ statements of how,and on what basis,data are collected.(2016江苏,31)Aexplicit BambiguousCoriginal Darbitrary 答案A解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:他全面的调查提供了关于如何收集信息及在什么基础上收集信息的最清楚明确的说明。expl

5、icit清楚的,明晰的,详述的;ambiguous模棱两可的,含糊不清的;original起初的,原来的;arbitrary任意的,随心所欲的。5A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,_ if you are travelling at high speed.(2016浙江,13)Aeventually BstrangelyCmerely Despecially答案D解析考查副词词义辨析。句意为:突然停下来可能是一次非常可怕的经历,尤其是你正在高速行驶时。especially特别,尤其,符合语境。eventually最终;stra

6、ngely奇怪地;merely仅仅,只。6In this article,you need to back up general statements with _ examples.(2016浙江,16)Aspecific BpermanentCabstract Duniversal答案A解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:在这篇文章里,你需要用具体的例子来支持你的总体性陈述。specific具体的,特定的;permanent永久的;abstract抽象的;universal通用的,普遍的。根据句意可知选A。7Im so_ to all those volunteers because they

7、 helped my terrible day end happily.(2015安徽,26)Aspecial BsuperiorCgrateful Dattractive答案C解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:我非常感激所有那些志愿者,因为他们帮我愉快地结束了糟糕的一天。special特殊的;superior优越的;grateful感激的;attractive有吸引力的。根据句意可知,这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情,故选C。8They gave money to the old peoples home either _ or through their companies.(2015安徽,31

8、)Alegally BsincerelyCpersonally Ddeliberately答案C解析考查副词词义辨析。句意为:他们或者个人或者通过他们的公司给敬老院捐款。legally合法地,法律上;sincerely真诚地;personally亲自,当面,个别地,就自己而言;deliberately故意地,谨慎地,慎重地。根据through their companies可知personally为正确答案。9It was _ of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(2015福建,23)Acareless Bco

9、nsiderateCpatient Dgenerous答案B解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:迈克尔通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心,他想得真周到。本句使用了It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth.这一结构。careless粗心的;considerate考虑周到的;patient有耐心的;generous慷慨的,大方的。考点归纳解决词义辨析题的关键是牢记某些高频词的词义,掌握词义的有效办法就是通过语境去记忆,通过背诵句子来记忆词汇的音、形、义。1Did he break it accidentally (by accident/by chance)?No,pu

10、rposely (on purpose)他是不小心把它打碎了吗?不是,是故意地。2Search your heart and ask if youre equally to blame.扪心自问,你是不是同样也应该受到谴责。3Im especially (particularly) fond of pop songs.我尤其喜欢流行音乐。4Eventually (Finally),he made it.他终于成功了。创设语境牢记下列高考高频词汇:increasingly,largely,meanwhile,merely,completely,partly,practically,rarely,

11、accessible,accurate,adaptable,addicted,adorable,affordable,aggressive,alternative,apparent,artificial,available,casual,cautious,complex,confident,constant,contradictory,controversial,dramatic,effective,flexible,frequent,individual,inevitable,optional,permanent,potential,relevant,skeptical,secure,sen

12、sitive,responsible,subtle,transparent,unique等。考点2形容词和副词的比较等级1I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend _ in the coming years.(2016浙江,18)Alittle more Bno moreCmuch more Dmany more答案D解析考查比较级。句意为:我一直喜欢你组织的所有活动,希望在未来几年里能参加更多的活动。many more后省略了events。根据句意可知选D。2Andy is content

13、with the toy.It is_ he has ever got.(2015四川,7)Aa better Bthe betterCa best Dthe best答案D解析考查形容词的最高级。句意为:安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。根据he has ever got可以推知这是“他得到的最好的玩具”,故选D。 考点归纳1否定词与比较级连用表达最高级的意义。I cant agree more.我完全同意。2比较级than any other单数名词/any of the other复数名词/the others/any of the others表示“某人/物比同一范围的任何

14、一个人/物都”,含义是“某人/物最”。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China/than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。3在倍数表达结构中,要把倍数放在比较结构前。At a rough estimate,Nigeria is twice bigger than Great Britain.粗略估算,尼日利亚的面积是大不列颠的3倍。4比较级前可用still,much,even,far,a lot,a bit,a great deal,以及分数、百分数等修饰

15、,此时注意它们要放在比较级前。Youre driving too fast.Can you drive a bit more slowly?你开得太快了。你能开得慢些吗?考点3形容词作状语Could you please explain the assignment for Monday,Miss Smith?Certainly.Read the next chapter and come to class _ to discuss what youve read.(2015江苏南京、盐城一模,24)Apreparing BpreparedCto prepare Dto be prepared

16、答案B解析句意为:史密斯小姐,请说明一下周一的任务好吗?当然可以。阅读下一章,来上课的时候准备好讨论你所读的内容。根据句子结构可知设空处应为状语,表示状态。此处prepared为过去分词转换为形容词,强调状态,说明到学校的时候已经准备好了。考点归纳形容词或形容词短语作状语时,一般用逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开。这种状语可位于句首、句末和句中,相当于一个状语从句,可表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间、条件、结果或让步。有时像非限制性定语从句一样,表示意义上的增补,其逻辑主语多为句子的主语。考点4常见的连接性副词1Thanks for your directions to the house;we

17、 wouldnt have found it _.(2014江西,23)Anowhere BhoweverCotherwise Dinstead答案C解析考查副词词义辨析。nowhere无处;however然而;otherwise否则,要不然;instead反而。句意为:谢谢你为我们指路,要不然我们找不到那所房子。故C项正确。2Its our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,_,supply more jobs.(2014安徽,33)Ahowever BanywhereCtherefore Dother

18、wise答案C解析考查副词词义辨析。句意为:我们希望的是,我们能在市场发挥更大作用,因此,提供更多的就业机会。however然而,表转折关系;anywhere无论何处,表条件;therefore因此,表因果关系;otherwise否则,表相反的结果。根据句意选C。考点归纳1表示增补:besides,further,then,similarly,likewise,moreover2表示等同:similarly,likewise,equally3表示对比:rather,oppositely4表示概括:altogether,generally5表示列举:first(ly),second(ly),fi

19、nally6表示条件:otherwise7表示让步:however,still,yet,nevertheless,though,anyway8表示结果:therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus9表示时间过渡:meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally10表示同位关系:namely11表示着重特指:mainly,mostly,particularly,especially考点5形容词和副词的一些固定表达1The idea “happiness,”_,will not sit still for easy definition.(2014

20、江苏,28)Ato be rigid Bto be sureCto be perfect Dto be fair答案B解析考查动词不定式短语意义辨析。to be rigid刻板地说,死板地说;to be sure诚然,的确,无可否认;to be perfect完美地说,说得完美些;to be fair公平而言,说句公道话。本句主干是The idea “happiness” will not sit still for easy definition.,其意思是:给“幸福”这一概念下定义远非易事。根据四个动词不定式短语的意义和句子主干的意思,我们可以选择B项to be sure。综合考虑可知题干

21、句意为:诚然,给“幸福”这一概念下定义远非易事。2What did you do last weekend?Oh,nothing _.(2014大纲全国,35)Amuch BelseCever Dyet 答案A解析句意为:上周末你干什么了?哦,没(干)什么事。nothing much和nothing else是固定短语,nothing much意为“没什么事”,nothing else意为“没有别的东西,没有别的事情”;nothing不和ever构成固定短语,但可以一起用在句中,表示“没有什么事情曾经”;nothing和yet也不能构成固定短语,但也可以同时出现在句中。由语境可知,此处显然是表

22、示“没什么事”,故A项正确。考点归纳1to be sure诚然,无疑to be rigid刻板地说,死板地说to be perfect完美地说to be fair公平而言to be frank坦率地讲2good/nice and.很,非常,完全3much lessstill less(承接前述否定内容)更不用说still more还有更多;更进一步4so much the better那样更好for better or (for) worse不论是好是坏,不论是福是祸5Not a/one (little) bit!一点也不!6last but not leastlast but by no m

23、eans least最后但同样很重要的是方法1形容词词义辨析法形容词的考查在高考试题中比较多,具体在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给选项。典例1Listening is thus an active,not a _,behavior consisting of hearing,understanding and remembering.(2015浙江,14)Aconsiderate BsensitiveCreliable Dpassive答案D解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:聆听是一种积极的行为,而不是被动的接受,它包括听、理解和记忆。passive被动的,消极的,与前面的active对应。

24、considerate体贴的,体谅的;sensitive易受伤害的,易受影响的,敏感的;reliable可靠的,可信赖的。典例2The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case.(2015江苏,31)Acomprehensive BcomplicatedCconscious Dcrucial答案A解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:警官们决定对该案件进行一次彻底、详尽的审查。comprehensive综合的,详尽的;complicated复杂的;conscious有意识的;crucial至关重要的。

25、根据and判断,所填词和thorough(彻底的,细致的)意思相近,故选A项。方法2副词词义辨析法副词的考查在高考试题中也比较多,具体在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给选项。具体来说,要注意:(1)一些副词的具体含义;(2)一些副词在具体句子中的辨析。典例1Most of us,if we know even a little about where our food comes from,understand that every bite put into our mouths was _ alive.(2015浙江,13)Asteadily BinstantlyCformerly Dp

26、ermanently答案C解析考查副词词义辨析。句意为:我们大多数人,如果对食物来源多少知道一点点的话,就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是有生命的。formerly以前,从前,符合语境。steadily稳固地,坚定地,不动摇地;instantly立刻,马上;permanently永久地,长期不变地。典例2Do you think shopping online will _ take the place of shopping in stores?Aespecially BfrequentlyCmerely Dfinally答案D解析especially 特别,尤其;frequently经常

27、地,频繁地;merely仅仅;finally最终。句意为:你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗?故选D项。强化练(十)1China Daily is _ a newspaper;it is helpful to us all.(2017河东区二模,3)Aless than Bno more thanCmore than Dnot more than答案C解析句意为:中国日报不只是一份报纸,它对我们所有的人都有用。more than不只是,符合句意。less than少于,不足;no more than只是,只不过;not more than至多,不超过。2They carry out _ che

28、cks on milk products to make sure that they are of high quality.(2017和平区一模,14)Acommon BnaturalCordinary Dregular答案D解析句意为:他们对奶制品进行定期的检查以确保高质量。regular定期的,符合句意。common普遍的;natural自然的;ordinary普通的。3Mike was _ known before this award,but in fact he was a campus star in ball games and running even when he wa

29、s in high school.(2017河西区一模,1)Amost BlittleCbest Dwell答案B解析句意为:迈克在获奖以前鲜为人知,但实际上高中的时候他就是学校各项球类运动和跑步的明星了。根据转折连词but的前后语境可知,需用否定副词little修饰形容词known(知名的)。4The old couple,_ country life,were unwilling to move to the city to live with their son.(2017天津十二所重点中学一模,6)Aaccustomed to Bburied inCaddicted to Dexpos

30、ed to答案A解析句意为:那对习惯了乡村生活的老夫妇不愿意搬到城市里和他们的儿子住在一起。be accustomed to习惯于,符合句意。be buried in埋头于;be addicted to对有瘾;be exposed to暴露在。5If they throw stones at you,dont throw back.Use them to build your own foundation _.(2017江苏南京三模,27)Asomehow BanywayCinstead Dnevertheless答案C解析句意为:如果别人朝你扔石头,不要扔回去。留着作你建高楼的基石。inst

31、ead反而,反倒,符合句意。somehow以某种方式,不知怎么地;anyway无论如何;nevertheless然而,尽管如此。6Hes not very _.You cant always depend on him to do what he promises to.(2017河东区一模,4)Adependent BindependentCreliable Dflexible答案C解析句意为:他不太可靠。你不能总是指望他做他答应做的事。根据空后的句子可知,他不太可靠。reliable可靠的,可信赖的,符合句意。dependent依靠的,依赖的;independent自主的,独立的;flex

32、ible灵活的。7It wasnt a serious accident.The car was only_damaged.(2017和平区二模,14)Aheavily BslightlyCnearly Dnarrowly答案B解析heavily严重地;slightly轻微地;nearly 几乎;narrowly狭窄地,勉强地。根据语境“这场事故不严重”,可知选B。8We have only twenty minutes left,so please get to the point and dont say anything that isnt _ to our problem.(2017天

33、津十二所重点中学二模,11)Arelevant BsensitiveCfamiliar Dsimilar答案A解析句意为:我们只剩下二十分钟的时间了,所以请说重点,不要说任何与我们的问题无关的事情。be relevant to与有关,符合语境。be sensitive to对敏感;be familiar to 为所熟悉;be similar to与相似/类似。9How did you find your trip to the Water Park in the summer of 2016?I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was _ than I expected.(2

34、017南开区三模,8)Aeven much interestingBfar more interestingCso far interestingDfar from interesting答案B解析句意为:你觉得你2016年夏天的水上公园之行怎么样?我玩得痛快极了。它比我预想的要有趣得多。由than可知此处应用比较级,故选B。far修饰比较级,用于加强语气。10Since I am now preparing for the college entrance examination,my parents are very _ to me.(2017红桥区二模,10)Aconstant Bcon

35、sciousCconsiderate Dgrateful答案C解析句意为:因为我现在正在准备高考,我的父母对我很体贴。considerate体贴的,符合句意。constant不断的,持续的;conscious有意识的,神志清醒的,自觉的,刻意的;grateful感激的,感谢的。11In our company,Im in a rather _ position,as my job is different from anyone elses.(2017天津一中3月考,6)Aunique BabnormalCtiresome Drandom答案A解析unique独一无二的,独特的;abnorma

36、l反常的,变态的;tiresome令人讨厌的;random随意的。根据句意可知,因为我的工作与其他任何人的不同,我应该在一个独特的职位上,故选A。12Jane hopes to talk with her grandparents in Chinese._,she plans to choose Chinese as an optional course this term.(2017天津一中4月考,4)AHowever BOtherwiseCTherefore DBesides答案C解析however 然而;otherwise 否则;therefore 因此;besides 此外。句意表达的

37、是因果关系,故选C。13Iris is always kind and _ to the suffering of others.No wonder she chooses to be a relief worker.(2017江苏南京二模,26)Aallergic BimmuneCrelevant Dsensitive答案D解析句意为:Iris总是很善良并且能体谅他人的痛苦。难怪她选择当一名救援工作者。be sensitive to对体谅/敏感,符合句意。be allergic to对过敏;be immune to对有免疫力,不受影响;be relevant to与有关。14Im not s

38、ure whether I can persuade him to give up the adventure._,I will try my best.(2017红桥区二模,4)AAnyhow BSomehowCBesides DTherefore答案A解析句意为:我不确定我是否能说服他放弃冒险。无论怎样,我都会尽力。anyhow不管怎样,无论如何,符合句意。somehow不知怎么地;besides而且,此外;therefore因此,所以。15This product contains no_ colors;only natural substances are used.(2017和平区二

39、模,2)Acommercial BbeneficialCofficial Dartificial答案D解析commercial商业的;beneficial有益的;official官方的;artificial人造的。根据句意“该产品仅使用了自然物质,不含人工色素”及所给选项分析可知,选D。16The carbon content of steel largely determines its usefulness for _ applications.(2016河西区三调,6)Aspecific BtoughCfantastic Dtypical答案A解析句意为:钢的碳含量在很大程度上决定了其特

40、定用途的实用性。specific意为“具体的,特定的”,符合句意。tough强硬的,坚韧不拔的;fantastic极好的;typical特有的,典型的。17The dog _attacked passers-by and therefore was kept on a chain by the owner.(2016天津五校联考,19)Aeventually BfortunatelyCfrequently Dsimilarly答案C解析句意为:这条狗经常地袭击过路者,因此被主人用链子拴住了。frequently频繁地,经常地,符合句意。eventually最后;fortunately 幸运地;

41、similarly同样地。故选C。18The reason why her son is always thin is that he is _ about what he eats.(2016天津十二区县二模,14)Acurious BconcernedCparticular Dcrazy答案C解析句意为:她儿子瘦弱的原因是她儿子挑食。be particular about 对挑剔;be curious about 对感到好奇;be concerned about 对关心;be crazy about对疯狂,痴迷。19The fog was very heavy and _ all the

42、flights were cancelled.(2016河西区三调,5)Aconsequently BconstantlyCcontinuously Dconsistently答案A解析句意为:这场雾很大,因此所有的航班都被取消了。consequently意为“因此,所以”,符合语境。constantly持续不断地,经常地;continuously不断地,连续地;consistently一致地,始终如一地。20The government must be very _ about setting policies and make no decision until they are quite sure it is the right one.Aserious BconcernedCcautious Dnervous答案C解析句意为:政府必须谨慎制定政策,直到十分确定这是对的,才能作出决定。be cautious about 对谨慎。serious严肃的;be concerned about对关心;nervous紧张的。故选C。

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