大学综合英语课文5上课课件

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1、Resources1课件教育Learning about gender stereotypeLearning to evaluate the text by leitmotif2课件教育Adam and EveA poemSexism in languageSexism in the workplaceGender stereotype3课件教育What is stereotype?Stereotypes are generalizations,or assumptions,that people make about the characteristics of all members of

2、 a group,based on an image(often wrong)about what people in that group are like.Stereotype:刻板印象。刻板印象。即是有关一团体特征的正面或负面的信念.任何共享一项具有社会意义之特征的社会团体都会成为偏见的目标.在社会中经常将种族,宗教,年龄,性别,社会地位和文化背景等,作为划分依据.人们划归为团体的成员是因为他们共享了具有社会意涵的特征 4课件教育Gender stereotypeMore5课件教育Gender stereotypeInside the box write your presumption

3、s about what ideal husbands or wives are like.Ideal husband Ideal wife1.tough2.capable3.reliable1.caring2.patient3.faithful 6课件教育A poem Read a poem written by Alfred Tennyson.Discuss whether you agree with it and then translate it into Chinese.Man for the field and woman for the hearth.Man for the s

4、word and for the needle she.Man with the head and woman with the heart.Man to command and woman to obey.-Alfred Tennysonclick7课件教育A poem1.男耕女织，男武女文，男刚女柔，男尊女卑。2.男人耕作女持家；男上战场女纺纱。男人冷静女优柔；男施命令女听话。3.男人主外女主内，男人舞剑女缝衣，男人理智女多情，男人吆喝女相随。4.男持外，女主内，男打仗，女制衣。男有脑，女有心，男发令，女执行。More8课件教育A poem5.男人是大地的主宰，女人是家庭的皇帝，男人用利剑

5、打天下，女人用利针守家门，男人用脑征服女人，女人用心征服男人，男人惯于命令女人，女人习惯服从男人。These beliefs are so ingrained in our consciousness that many of us think that gender roles are natural,so we dont question them.Even if we dont consciously subscribe to them as part of our own belief system,our culture bombards us with messages about

6、 what it means to be men and women today.9课件教育Sexism in language Work in groups to collect examples to show sexism in English and Chinese language.clickExampleAct like a man!This sentence implies that men should not cry and should be brave and look tough.10课件教育Sexism in languageWomen are fragile.Eg:

7、Frailty,thy name is women.Woman is made to weep.Woman is made of glass.More11课件教育 Women are changeable.Eg:Women,wind and fortune are ever changing.If men knew all that women think,theyd be twenty times more daring.女人心海底针。女大十八变。12课件教育Women are ignorant.Eg:Long hair and short wit.头发长，见识短。女子无才便是德。妇人之见。

8、男子汉不同妇人一般见识。13课件教育Sexism in language Women are evil.Eg:天下最毒妇人心.唯女子小人难养.红颜祸水.Its time he made an honest woman out of you.Chinese characters denoting negative qualities that contain the female radical 女,such as 奸,嫉 etc.More14课件教育Women are talkative.Eg:One tongue is enough for a woman.Women will have t

9、he last word.长舌妇。三个女人一台戏。一个女人一个女人500只鸭子只鸭子 15课件教育Men are intelligent and capable.Eg:Men are natural leaders;women are not.Women are natural carers;men are not.Hes his own man.Hes a man of the world.男儿当自强。More16课件教育Sexism in language（2）English and Han language are male-centered,biased in favor of men

10、,derogatory towards women.17课件教育1.A person of unknown sex is referred to as he,not she;Eg:He who laughs last laughs best.Everyone must do his homework well.2.Man,and men can be used generically to refer to both male and female.Eg:Man proposes,God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天chairman/Madame Chairman,policeman1

11、8课件教育 3.Some words indicating females profession,are created by adding a prefix/suffix or by combining them with a word referring to female.Eg:waitress/heroine/woman doctor/lady lawyer19课件教育Sexism in the workplace Make a list of the problems faced by women who share the same workplace as men.clickTh

12、ink about:l job opportunitiesl contracts and payl possibilities for promotion20课件教育Sexism in the workplace1.Judged in the workplace on the basis of their looks 2.Less paid than males holding the same job3.Difficult to get promotion:glass ceiling4.Sexual harassment click21课件教育UK Some statistics estim

13、ate that about 72%of women workers have experienced sexist bullying at work,while 85%of women workers believe that there is a bias towards males in their workplaces.22课件教育USA women may account for only 25 percent of the upper-level managers in large corporations.And although half of the employees in

14、 the largest,most prestigious firms around the United States may be women,perhaps as few as 5 percent or less actually hold senior positions.23课件教育In General In general,women are under-represented in the higher-status,higher-paying occupations,such as law,engineering,politic arena and medicine.In co

15、ntrast,women are over-represented in the lower-paying occupations,such as school teaching,nursing,and secretarial work.24课件教育“Glass ceiling”is the situation where a woman is successful in a company,but then she hits the glass ceiling this invisible barrier which stops her going any higher in her car

16、eer.“Glass”is metaphorical.Glass is transparent and sometimes invisible,but it is there.25课件教育Adam and Eve1.How was the man made?He was made from the dust of the ground.2.Why was the woman created and why was she called woman?A helper suitable for the man.She was made out of a rib taken out of the m

17、an.Listen and answer the questions.S Scriptcript After Adam and Eve were deceived by the serpent into eating the fruit of the forbidden tree,they were punished by the Lord God.Continue listening.click26课件教育Adam and EveBackBack27课件教育 The Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground,and breathed in

18、to his nostrils the breath of life;and man became a living soul.The Lord God said,It is not good that the man should be alone;I will make him a helper suitable for him.The Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall on the man,and he slept;and he took one of his ribs,and closed up the flesh in its place.He

19、 made the rib,which The Lord God had taken from the man,into a woman,and brought her to the man.The man said,This is now bone of my bones,and flesh of my flesh.She will be called Woman,because she was taken out of Man.Therefore a man will leave his father and his mother,and will join with his wife,a

20、nd they will be one flesh.They were both naked,the man and his wife,and were not ashamed.Adam and Eve To the woman he said,“I will greatly _ your pain in childbirth.In pain you will bring forth children.Your _ will be for your husband,and he will _ over you.”To Adam he said,“Because you have listene

21、d to your wifes voice,and have eaten of the tree,of which I _ you,saying,You shall not eat of it,cursed is the _ for your sake.In _ you will eat of it all the days of your life.Thorns also and thistles will it bring forth to you;and you will eat the herb of the field.By the _ of your face will you e

22、at bread until you return to the ground,for out of it you were taken.For you are _,and to dust you shall return.”Listen and complete the sentences.multiplydesiregroundtoilsweatdustcommandedrule28课件教育Text organisation Sentences and words 29课件教育An overview of the topicMarked:Women inthe workplaceDetai

23、ls:Marked womenclickclickText Organisation30课件教育Definition of the term markedthe way language alters the base meaning of a word by adding sth.Differences between a“marked”and an“unmarked”word in meaning extra meaning VS no special meaning The option of men in being unmarkedlClothes:brown or blue sla

24、cks&standard-style shirts of light colorslShoes:dark,closed,comfortable&flatlNo make-up23BackBack131课件教育clothesflat-lacedspike heelscomfortableshoesspike heelsattractivehairstyle no particularnot care how she lookssurnameheavyattractive lightattractive without being alluringno make-up hostile refusa

25、lclicktitlesclickclickmake-upmarked woman32课件教育clotheswant to be attractivesingletight/revealingspike heelscould have been sexynot sexyauthorityunderminedbuttonedlowavoid sthbright colorsattractive BackBackcolourno bright33课件教育 titlesspike heels MissDoctor uppityBackBack Mrs.MsmarriedConserva-tiveun

26、married Conserva-tiveunwilling to let on about marriageliberatedrebelliousover-achiever34课件教育Text Organisationsurnamesspike heelsher surname+husbandsBackBacktake her husbands surnamekeep her own surnamemarriedtraditionalless herselfmodernliberatedwish to keep her own identitymarriedmisery for others

27、 mixed feeling 35课件教育Understanding leitmotifl an idea or a theme which is exploited throughout a passagel the key to understanding the whole passagel the idea which is referred to most frequentlyleitmotifthe third word in the 1st sentencethe key wordin the titlethe final word in the passageleitmotif

28、:markednessabout 30 times in the passageMore36课件教育1.From which field has the writer borrowed the term marked?I borrowed it from linguistics.BackBackUnderstanding leitmotifThe writer:Deborah Tannen37课件教育2.What are the differences between a“marked”and an“unmarked”word?“unmarked”wordnormalcommon positi

29、ve“marked”wordneutralnoticeable used in a particular wayhave a special meaningnegative BackBack38课件教育3.What is the difference between a“marked”and an“unmarked”appearance in the workplace?l normall neutrall commonl differentl particularl noticeable unmarkedunlikely to be commentedmarkedYour Textlikel

30、y to be commentedBackBackit would be a contrast to all those with an unmarked appearance.because39课件教育4.Why is no make-up“marked”for women?many or most women wear some make-up.because A woman wearing no make-up in a context where it is expected that make-up would be wornnoticeably differentit is“mar

31、ked”.soisBackBack40课件教育5.How often do men wear“marked”clothes in the workplace?cowboy shirta necklaced hippie in jeansNot often or rarelyBackBack41课件教育6.What is the connection between“marked”and“sexy”?unmarked(among women)noticeable and“marked”(and inappropriate)attractive&smart clothessexy clothesu

32、nmarked sexy clothessmartly&conservatively“marked”BackBack42课件教育7.Why are womens titles(Mrs,Miss and Ms)all marked?married but perhaps conservative or traditionalunmarriedbut perhaps traditionalunwilling to give information about being married;more modern,liberated,rebellious or feministBackBack43课件

33、教育8.In what sense are womens surnames marked?BackBacktake their husbands surname as their married surnameuse their original surname from their own family USmarried womantraditional or willing to adopt her husbands identitymodern,liberated,or wish to keep their own identity44课件教育Difficult sentences a

34、nd Words45课件教育Difficult sentence 1(P7)Although no man wore make-up,you couldnt say a woman didnt wear make-up.Explain why?If a woman didnt wear make-up at the conference,it means something particular because it seems common or normal that women should wear make-up for such a formal occasion.But we c

35、ouldnt say that the men didnt wear make-up with the same meaning,because people dont expect them to wear any at a conference in the first place.click虽然男人不化妆，但男人不化妆的含义和女人不化妆的含义却大不相同。clickBackBack46课件教育Difficult sentences3.but also a possibly unintended one of availability that they could have been.(P

36、ara11)What message does the woman send unintentionally?She is single.click Translate the sentence.但与此同时，她也在无意间表露了自己是单身、想找男友的意思。如果她的衣服不性感，那也传达了另一种信息：即让人知道她本来可以穿得更性感的。click What does they refer to?What could they have been?They refer to her clothes.Her clothes could have been sexy.clickBackBack47课件教育D

37、ifficult sentences4.I sometimes try to duck these variously (hence reactions of congratulatory surprise,like“Good for you!”).(Para 14)What impression does she give by giving her title as“Dr.”?MoreShe is more important than other people,or she is an over-achiever,who tries extremely hard to be succes

38、sful.click48课件教育Translate the sentence.我有时会选择“博士”头衔，以避开这几种带标记的称谓选项。但这么做又会给自己带来风险，标明自己要么骄傲自大（于是乎招来讥讽的反应，比如“对不起，我不知道你是博士！”），要么是一个成果欲过强的人（那么对方的反应就是祝贺式的惊奇，比如“你真行！”）。clickBackBackThe people now recognizes the high status of“doctor”with a mock apology,meaning“Im sorry,I didnt realize who you were because

39、I am only an ordinary person!”Why do people reply with“Excuse me!”?49课件教育Difficult sentence 4 A married woman who wants to have her cake and eat it too may use her surname plus his.(Para 16)What does to have ones cake and eat it too mean?To have your cake and eat it is a proverb which means“to have

40、all the benefits of a situation when normally if you have one thing(the cake)you cannot have the other(eat the cake)”.clickBackBack50课件教育Difficult sentences 5（P16)But this too announces that she is or has been married who needs to alphabetize it.Paraphrase the sentence.It means that the name is much

41、 longer and more complicated than usual,which can seem like“a tongue-tying string”:a string of words that are difficult to say,like a tongue twister which ties your tongue in knots.Such a tongue twister is very difficult for people who need to put the name in a list with alphabetical order because t

42、hey dont know which of the last two names to use.clickBackBack51课件教育 但这也同样表明她已经结婚，而且还常常会导致一串长得叫人说不清的名字，而当必须按字母顺序排列姓名时，也会让人倍感无奈。Translate the sentence.52课件教育Useful expressions 1.基本含义1.base meaning More2.复数标记2.plural marking3.被提名奥斯卡最佳女配角奖的演员3.an Oscar nominee for Best Supporting Actress4.性别标记4.gender

43、markers 5.带碟形领结的牛仔衬衫5.a cowboy shirt with string tie 6.三件套的西服6.a threepiece suit 7.带项链穿牛仔裤的嬉皮士装7.a necklaced hippie in jeans8.标准的浅色衬衫8.standard-style shirts of light colors9.的数量多得惊人9.The range of is staggering10.平跟系带鞋10.flat laced shoes 53课件教育Useful expressions 11.细高跟鞋11.spike heels14.衬衣的领口开得低.14.Th

44、e blouse is buttoned low.12.紧身衣或坦胸露背的衣服12.tight or revealing clothes13.无意间犯了一个错误13.slip into a fault line 15.失去权威16.heavy/light make-up16.浓/淡妆17.attractive without being alluring17.既俏丽又不妖媚18.get increased attention18.吸引了的更多注意15.undermine ones authority19.sarcastic responses 19.讥讽的反应20.be less hersel

45、f20.自我意识较弱21.to have ones cake and eat it too 21.两全其美22.一串长得叫人说不清的名字22.a tongue-tying string 54课件教育English to ChineseTranslate the paragraph into Chinese.women cant even fill out a form without telling stories about themselves.Most application forms now give four choices for titles.Men have one to c

46、hoose-“Mr.”-so their choice carries no meaning other than to say they are male.But women must choose among three,each of them marked.A woman who checks the box for“Mrs.”or“Miss”communicates not only whether she has been married but also that she has conservative tastes in forms of address,and probab

47、ly other conservative values as well.Checking“Ms.”declines to let on about marriage(whereas“Mr.”declines nothing since nothing was asked),but it also marks the woman who checks it on her form as either liberated or rebellious,depending on the attitudes and assumptions of the one making the judgment.

48、I sometimes try to duck these variously marked choices by giving my title as“Dr.”-and thereby risk marking myself as either uppity(hence sarcastic responses like“Excuse me!”)or an over-achiever(hence reactions of congratulatory surprise,like“Good for you!”).click55课件教育English to Chinese women cant e

49、ven fill out a form without telling stories about themselves.Most application forms now give four choices for titles.Men have one to choose-“Mr.”-so their choice carries no meaning other than to say they are male.But women must choose among three,each of them marked.A woman who checks the box for“Mr

50、s.”or“Miss”communicates not only whether she has been married but also that she has conservative tastes in forms of address,and probably other conservative values as well.女人一填表就会暴露自己的个女人一填表就会暴露自己的个人经历。人经历。现在大多数的申请表现在大多数的申请表会给出四种称谓选择。男人只会给出四种称谓选择。男人只有 一 种 选 择，即有 一 种 选 择，即“先 生先 生”（Mr.)Mr.)，这除了表明他们是这除了

51、表明他们是男性之外没有其他任何含义。男性之外没有其他任何含义。女人则必须从三种称谓中选一女人则必须从三种称谓中选一个，而任何一种都是标记性的。个，而任何一种都是标记性的。如果一位女士如果一位女士勾选勾选了了“太太太太”（Mrs.)Mrs.)或者或者“小姐小姐”（Miss)Miss)的称谓，那么他不仅暴露了自的称谓，那么他不仅暴露了自己的婚姻状况，而且还表明她己的婚姻状况，而且还表明她在称谓方面很保守，或许在其在称谓方面很保守，或许在其他价值观念方面也很保守。他价值观念方面也很保守。More56课件教育English to Chinese C h e c k i n g “M s.”declin

52、es to let on about marriage(whereas“Mr.”declines nothing since nothing was asked),but it also marks the woman who checks it on her form as either liberated or rebellious,depending on the attitudes and assumptions of the one making the judgment.如果她选择如果她选择“女士女士”（Ms.)Ms.)这一称谓，那么说这一称谓，那么说明她拒绝透露自己的婚姻明她拒绝

53、透露自己的婚姻状况（而男士选状况（而男士选“先生先生”这个称谓时则没有故意隐这个称谓时则没有故意隐瞒任何事情，因为本来就瞒任何事情，因为本来就没有要求他透露婚姻信没有要求他透露婚姻信息）。另外，在表格中候息）。另外，在表格中候选选“女士女士”这一称谓的人这一称谓的人会被标记为思想解放的人会被标记为思想解放的人或叛逆者，这就要看评判或叛逆者，这就要看评判她的人持什么样的态度和她的人持什么样的态度和看法看法了。了。BackBack57课件教育English to Chinese I sometimes try to duck these variously marked choices by gi

54、ving my title as“Dr.”-and thereby risk marking myself as either uppity(hence sarcastic responses like“Excuse me!”)or an over-achiever(hence reactions of congratulatory surprise,like“Good for you!”).我有时会选择我有时会选择“博士博士”头衔，以避开这几种带头衔，以避开这几种带标记的称谓选项。但这标记的称谓选项。但这么做又会给自己带来风么做又会给自己带来风险，表明自己要么骄傲险，表明自己要么骄傲自大（自

55、大（于是乎招来讥讽于是乎招来讥讽的反应，比如的反应，比如“对不起，对不起，我不知道你是博我不知道你是博士士！”），要么是一个），要么是一个成功欲过强的人成功欲过强的人（那么（那么对方的反应就是祝贺式对方的反应就是祝贺式的惊奇，的惊奇，比如比如“你真你真行！行！”).).BackBack58课件教育Chinese to English Translate the paragraphs into English.我们对理想丈夫或妻子的假设显示出我们的性别期待以及我们对理想丈夫或妻子的假设显示出我们的性别期待以及我们对性别期待的反应。如果大多数年轻姑娘希望她们的我们对性别期待的反应。如果大多数年轻姑

56、娘希望她们的未婚夫强悍、能干、可靠，那么小伙子们也就别无选择，未婚夫强悍、能干、可靠，那么小伙子们也就别无选择，只能把自己训练得强悍、能干、可靠，这样才能赢得女孩只能把自己训练得强悍、能干、可靠，这样才能赢得女孩子的芳心。如果他们的做法与性别期待背道而驰，那么他子的芳心。如果他们的做法与性别期待背道而驰，那么他们很可能会悲叹自己的光棍生涯中度过下半辈子。根据同们很可能会悲叹自己的光棍生涯中度过下半辈子。根据同样的不成文法则，如果多数年轻男子希望他们的未婚妻温样的不成文法则，如果多数年轻男子希望他们的未婚妻温柔体贴、耐心、忠贞，认为这些比什么都重要，那么姑娘柔体贴、耐心、忠贞，认为这些比什么都重

57、要，那么姑娘即便不是这种人，也会假装自己将来会成为贤妻良母。即便不是这种人，也会假装自己将来会成为贤妻良母。深入研究一下这种性别期待，我们就会发现这是受生理和深入研究一下这种性别期待，我们就会发现这是受生理和社会因素制约的。无疑，女性为孕育婴儿做好了生理准备，社会因素制约的。无疑，女性为孕育婴儿做好了生理准备，而男人则完全不适合这项工作。男人只有努力挣钱养家，而男人则完全不适合这项工作。男人只有努力挣钱养家，才能让一家人过上好日子。才能让一家人过上好日子。click59课件教育Chinese to English 我们对理想丈夫或我们对理想丈夫或妻子的假设显示出妻子的假设显示出我们的性别期待以

58、我们的性别期待以及我们对性别期待及我们对性别期待的反应。如果大多的反应。如果大多数年轻姑娘希望她数年轻姑娘希望她们的们的未婚夫未婚夫强悍、强悍、能干、可靠，那么能干、可靠，那么小伙子们也就别无小伙子们也就别无选择，只能把自己选择，只能把自己训练得强悍、能干、训练得强悍、能干、可靠，这样才能赢可靠，这样才能赢得女孩子的芳心。得女孩子的芳心。Our presumptions about what ideal husbands or wives are like reveal a lot about our gender expectations as well as our responses t

59、o them.If most girls want their fiancs to be tough,capable and reliable,there is no option left for young men other than to be trained as tough,capable and reliable if they want to win girls heart.More60课件教育Chinese to English 如果他们的做法与性别如果他们的做法与性别期待背道而驰，那么他期待背道而驰，那么他们很可能会悲叹自己的们很可能会悲叹自己的光棍光棍生涯中度过下半辈生涯

60、中度过下半辈子。根据同样的不成文子。根据同样的不成文法则，如果多数年轻男法则，如果多数年轻男子希望他们的子希望他们的未婚妻未婚妻温温柔体贴、耐心、忠贞，柔体贴、耐心、忠贞，认为这些比什么都重要，认为这些比什么都重要，那么姑娘即便不是这种那么姑娘即便不是这种人，也会假装自己将来人，也会假装自己将来会成为会成为贤妻良贤妻良母母。If they act to the contrary,they will most probably bemoan their bachelors status for the rest of their lives.Following the same unwritte

61、n rule,if most boys expect their fiances to be caring,patient and faithful more than anything else,girls are prone to let on that they will become faithful wives and loving mothers even if they are not the type.More61课件教育Chinese to English 深入研究一下这深入研究一下这种性别期待，我种性别期待，我们就会发现这是们就会发现这是受生理和社会因受生理和社会因素制约的

62、。无疑，素制约的。无疑，女性为孕育婴儿女性为孕育婴儿做好了生理准备，做好了生理准备，而男人则完全不而男人则完全不适合这项工作。适合这项工作。男人只有努力挣男人只有努力挣钱养家，才能让钱养家，才能让一家人过上好日一家人过上好日子。子。Looking into such gender expectations,we may find that t h e y a r e b a s e d o n b o t h physiological and social factors.It goes without saying that women are physically prepared to bear children,whereas men are utterly unfit for the job.Therefore,a family is better off when its male members devote their time to providing food and other necessities for it.More62课件教育63课件教育