2021-2022学年新教材高中英语Unit1LaughoutloudUsinglanguage学案含解析外研版选择性必修第一册

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1、Unit 1Laugh out loud!Using language【语法精讲深化学习】非限制性定语从句(Non-defining attributive clauses)观察上面对话, 并完成句子。1. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, where other visitors seldom go. 2. She has a sister, who is a teacher. 3. Her house, which was built a hundred years ago,

2、 stood still in the earthquake. 一、非限制性定语从句(一)作用定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句在句中起补充说明作用, 与主句之间一般用逗号隔开, 常常单独翻译。没有它, 主句意思仍然完整。(二)关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句 1. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词关系词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语whom人动词或介词的宾语whose人或物定语which物主语、宾语或表语as物主语、宾语或表语*Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook. 我们的向导, 一个

3、法裔加拿大人, 擅长烹调。*Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了, 你在伦敦见过他。*The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力, 他的父亲是位工程师。2. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别(1)as可以放在主句前后, 也可插入主句之中; 而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。*As is known to all, fish cant live without water. 众所周知, 鱼离开

4、水无法生存。*Air, as we know, is gas. 正如我们所知, 空气是气体。(2) as后常接expect, know, report, say, see等动词的主、被动语态句, 有“正如, 就像”之意; which常翻译为“这一点”。*As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知, 中国是一个发展中国家。*In the presence of so many people he was a little tense, which was understandable. 在那么多人面前他有点紧张, 这是可以理解的

5、。(3)在非限制性定语从句中, which可指代主句中的某一个单词, as不可以。*My brother enjoys playing basketball, which he really plays well. 我哥哥喜欢打篮球, 他打得非常好。*Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital. 北京, 他出生的地方, 是我们的首都。语法填空(1)Have you seen the film Warcraft, whose leading actor is world famous? (2)My friend, who has served on

6、 the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. (3)These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit. (4)The employer, whom/who all the employees respect, is concerned about his employees working conditions. (三)关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句当先行词指时间或地点时, 用when,

7、where引导非限制性定语从句, 在定语从句中作状语。why不引导非限制性定语从句, 但可用for which代替。*We will put off the outing until next week, when we wont be so busy. 我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期, 那时我们就不会那么忙了。*Many children go to a day care centre, where they can learn games. 很多孩子上日间托儿所, 在那儿他们可以学习游戏。语法填空(1)They went to London, where they lived for six

8、months. (2)He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will stay with his family. (3)Well graduate in July, when we will be free. (4)They reached the hotel yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held. (四) “名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句此类结构常见的有some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/t

9、he largest. . . of which/whom等形式。*Here are the questions, some of which I thought are difficult for you. 问题都在这儿, 其中一些我认为对你来说太难了。“名词+介词of+关系代词”有时可以用“whose+名词”或“of+关系代词+名词”替换。(1)Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想, 他们

10、中大部分都受过良好的教育。(2)It now has 20, 000 hectares of land, more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation. 现在它拥有两万公顷土地, 其中超过三分之二的土地已经耕种。(3)The textile mill has over 8, 000 workers and staff, eighty percent of whom are women. 这家纺织厂有8千多职工, 女职工占百分之八十。(4)The building had been repaired, the roof of which

11、was destroyed again in a big fire. 那栋楼房曾经被整修过, 楼顶在一场大火中又被烧毁了。(五) “介词+关系代词(+名词)”引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词, 而是概括整个主句的意思。*They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines, without which the yield would be halved. 他们缺搭葡萄藤架的杆儿, 没有它们产量会减少一半。 *They thanked Tom, without whose support the

12、y would not have succeeded. 他们感谢汤姆, 如果没有他的支持他们不会成功的。“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。根据从句中谓语动词或形容词搭配的需要来确定介词。根据从句句意的需要来确定介词。语法填空(1)A friend is someone who draws out your best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become more knowledgeable. (2)Juliet appeared above at a window, through which her bea

13、uty seemed to break like the light of the sun in the east. (3)The manager, in whose office I just attended an interview, asked me to go back to wait for the reply. (4)The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. (5)This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.

14、 二、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别1. 形式不同限制性定语从句中主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开, 口语中使用时也不停顿; 而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开, 口语中使用时有停顿。 2. 功能不同限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别, 如果去掉, 就会造成句意不完整或概念不清; 而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充、说明作用, 如果省略, 句意仍然清晰、完整。*People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得更长些。(若把从句去掉, 句子就失去意义)*His daughter, who is in

15、Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿, 下星期回来。(若把从句去掉, 句子意义仍然完整)3. 翻译不同在翻译定语从句时, 一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前, 而把非限制性定语从句与主句分开。*He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被偷的那个人。*Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆, 他就住在隔壁的公寓里。4. 含义不同 比较下面的两个句子: *I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有

16、一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)*I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐, 她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)5. 先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词, 而非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可以是短语或句子; 另外, 当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时, 通常要用非限制性定语从句, 而不用限制性定语从句。*Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快, 这是危险的。(which指drove too fast)*He changed his mind, whi

17、ch made me very angry. 他改变了主意, 这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)*Mr Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词, 要用非限制性定语从句修饰)*Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱, 希望她出国学习。(先行词为表示独一无二意义的普通名词, 要用非限制性定语从句修饰)6. 关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中, 通常不

18、用于非限制性定语从句; 另外, 在限制性定语从句中, 关系词有时可以省略, 而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。(1)Her sister, who teaches us English, will go abroad next year. 她的姐姐教我们英语, 她明年将要出国。(2)Here is Mr White, whom youve been waiting for a long time. 这就是怀特先生, 你等了很久的人。(3)She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago. 她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。(4

19、)He is the man who lives next to me. 他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。(5)The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found. 他昨天丢的那本书已经找到了。使用本单元所学非限制性定语从句, 结合中文提示补全短文In December 2019, a deadly virus, 1. which was later named COVID-19 by WHO(后来被世界卫生组织命名为COVID-19), attacked Wuhan. At first, few people cared about it and p

20、eople were busy preparing for the coming Spring Festival. However, it spread so quickly that a large number of people were infected with COVID-19, 2. which got the attention of the public and the government(这引起了公众和政府的注意). Dr Zhong Nanshan, 3. who saved many peoples lives in 2003(他在2003年挽救了许多人的生命), 4

21、. when SARS broke out in China(那时SARS在中国爆发), went to Wuhan by train. He realised that the disease could be spread from person to person, so he advised people to wear masks, wash hands frequently, stay at home and not to go to crowded places. Besides Dr Zhong Nanshan, another expert Li Lanjuan has al

22、so made great contributions to this battle, 5. who advised the government to lock down the entire city (建议政府封城)to prevent the virus from spreading to other places. Fortunately, her advice was accepted. Two hospital, 6. whose names were Huoshenshan Hospital and Leishenshan Hospital(它们的名字是火神山医院和雷神山医院)

23、, were built in Wuhan to treat the patients. With the joint efforts of all Chinese people, the number of patients suffering from COVID-19 in China has reduced a lot. 【主题活动话题实践】. 话题词汇1. grin from ear to ear咧着嘴笑2. win a free cinema ticket赢得一张免费电影票3. laugh ones head off笑掉大牙4. deserve a second chance应该再

24、得到一次机会5. long face愁眉苦脸6. laughing stock笑料, 笑柄7. crack a smile笑了起来8. practical joke恶作剧9. TV stations电视台10. play tricks on捉弄, 戏耍11. fall over跌倒, 摔倒 . 话题情境根据情境和提示完成对话。1. A: Why the long face(愁眉苦脸)? B: First I lost my key, then I fell over and my boyfriend broke up with me! 2. A: How was the performance

25、 last night? B: Great! It was really funny. We were laughing our heads off(我们笑掉了大牙). 3. A: I think we should fire Tom. B: I dont think so. I think he should deserve a second chance(他应该再得到一次机会). After all, he is very young. 4. A: Whats the matter? B: The naughty boys hid Johns bike to play tricks on

26、(捉弄)him. 5. A: What did you do with the apple? B: I gave it to a boy. He grinned from ear to ear(咧着嘴笑) when I handed it to him. . 情境句式1. I really dont get/understand . . . 我真的不理解2. Whats the matter? /Whats wrong? 怎么了? 3. Thats so funny. /Thats really interesting. 太好玩了。4. Lets start /begin with a nic

27、e English song. 让我们以一首好听的英文歌曲开始吧。5. Id be pretty annoyed/very angry if. . . 如果我会很生气。6. I can imagine! 我可以想象出来! . 情境交流放学后, 汤姆遇到迈克, 他们谈论起了托尼。A: 1. I really dont get Tony(我真的不理解托尼). He has got the first place. Why the long face? B: Thats because he came into conflict with his friend. A: 2. Whats the ma

28、tter(怎么了)? B: His friend wanted to copy his answers during the exam but he refused. Now although they meet from time to time, his friend doesnt ignore him. A: 3. Id be pretty annoyed (我会相当恼火)if someone treated me like that. B: We had better think of a way to help them make up. 4. Lets start with a film(让我们以电影开始吧). We can give each of them a free cinema ticket and let both of them to go to see a movie. A: 5. Thats so funny(太好玩了). Lets have a try.