英语时态讲解课件.ppt

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1、,英语的时态,时态考查的要点,一般时 完成时 进行时,种类,现在时态,过去时态,将来时态,过去将来时态 would do,一般现在时态 do,现在完成时态 havehas done,现在进行时态 isare doing,一般过去时态 did,过去完成时态 had done,过去进行时态 waswere doing,一般将来时态 will do,一般现在时态,1、 用法：用来表示人、事、物的现在的状况和特点以及事实 经常性的和习惯性的动作 常用时间状语 ： usually, sometimes, in spring, every day, in the morning等 2、动词构成 ：动词原型

2、. work 动词+S.（主语是第三人称单数）works 否定构成 ： dont+动原 doesnt+动原 3、 一般疑问构成及简答：Do+主语+动原+其它？Yes,I do. Does+主语+动原+其它？No,he doesnt. 特殊疑问举例 ：What do you often do on Sundays? Where does he live? 注意： 客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时,动词的第三人称单数形式,1.Planning so far ahead _no sense-so many things will have Changed by next year. A made B

3、is making C makes D has made,现在进行时态,动词构成：isare doing 用法：1、表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。例如： The students are listening to the teacher. He is watching TV now. 2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。例如： I am writing a book this monththese days.,现在完成时,1现在完成时的构成：助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词（done),2现在完成时的用法： （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作

4、对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already, before, yet, never, ever ，up till now 等状语连用。 特别注意的是in the past/last+一段时间。 例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already.,（2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到

5、现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 如：for和since，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。 I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years? 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come, go, die, mar

6、ry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。,6.Progress_so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. A.was B. had been C. has been D.will be 根据特定语境来判断 7.-When shall we restart our business? -Not until we_. A.Will finish B.are finishing C.are to finish D.have finished,延续动词与瞬间动词

7、1) 用于完成时的区别： 延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历) 2) 用于till / until 从句的差异： 延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做直到” ；瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到，才”。 He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10点。,（3）现在完成时还可以用

8、在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作，例如： Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park.,（4） have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别： have / has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。 have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。 试比

9、较： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。 （人已回来，可能在这儿） He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。 （人已走，不在这儿）。,典型例题：,1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet,答案B ；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。,2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.

10、- Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be,答案A ； 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。,一般过去时态,用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作 常用时间状语：yesterday,last night,two days ago, in 2000,at that time,before liberation，when 等引导的含 过去时的句子。 动词构成：动词过去时（-ed） worked/used to work 否定构成：didnt+动原 d

11、idnt work used not(didnt use) to work一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语+动原+其它？ 特殊疑问句举例：What did he do yesterday? When did he get up this morning?,2.-Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day. -_Thats his third one in just one month. A.Had he B.Did he C. Does he D.Has he 3.L利用语境北京考察一般过去时的用法 -Ouch!You hurt me! -I

12、am sorry.But I any harm.I-to drive a rat out. A.didnt mean;tried B.dont mean;am trying C .havent meant;triedD.didnt mean;was trying,用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生 的动作常用时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time, at ten oclock yesterday或when引导的从句动词构成： was/were+现在分词(-ing) 以work为例：was/were working 否定构成： was/were n

13、ot+现在分词一般疑问构成及简答举例: Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其它？ Yes,I was No,I wasnt特殊疑问句举例： What were you dong this time yesterday? Where was he standing when the teacher came in?,过去进行时态,考查在特定语境背景下某一动作正在进行的情况。,10.-It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. -Oh,dont mention it.I _past your house anyway. A.was

14、coming B.will come C.had come D.have come,1、概念：表示过去的过去。,-|-|-|- 那时以前 那时 现在 其结构是：had + 过去分词,2、过去完成时的用法： （1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.,过去完成时态,（2）过去完成时

15、的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。 Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. （3）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.,8.They became friends again that day.Until then,they_to each other for nearly two years A.didnt speak B.hadnt spoken C

16、.havent spoken D. havent been speaking,一般将来时态,用法：将来会出现或发生的动作 常用时间状语：this evening,tomorrow,next month, in a few minutes,at the end of this term动词构成: 1,will/shall+动原 2,am/is/are going to+动词原型 3,sm/is/are(about)+动词不定式 4,am/is/are+coming等现在分词以work为例:will/shall work am/is/are going to work am/is/are(abou

17、t) to work am/is/are coming/leaving 否定构成：will/shall not am/is/are not特殊疑问句举例:What will you do tomorrow? When are we going to have a class meeting?备注：在if条件或as soon as等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。,分清be going to, will,be to do,be about to do.,Be going to 强调的是一个计划性，而will是 一个自然而然发生的事情。 Be about to do 不加时间状语，只有一

18、种情况是特殊的，那就是这个后面加上以When 为引导的时间状语从句。 Be to do是强调必定要发生的事情，或者是注定要发生的事情。,4.The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_. A.is made B.would made C.was to be made D.had made 5.Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughter,_visit Beijing this summer. A.is going to B.are going t

19、oC.was going to D.were going to,时间,现在,过去,那时所预见的情况,一、基本概念： 过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态，即立足于过去某时，从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。 1) He said his mother would buy a bike for him 2) My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more.,过去将来时态,二、基本形式： wouldshould动词原形 （其中 would 用于各种人称， should 常用于第一人称）。

20、 例如： They were sure they would win the final victory 他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。 He didnt expect that we should（would）all be there 他没想到我们都在那里。 上述两个例句中的宾语从句谓语 would win 和 should（would）be 分别与其主句谓语 were sure 和 didnt expect 相对应。,三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式： 1wasweregoing to动词原形 He said he was going to try 他说他准备试试。 2waswereto动词原形

21、 They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day 他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。 3waswere about动词原形 We were about to go out when it began to rain 我们正要出去天（突然）下起雨来。 4过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，如 go，come， leave，start， open，begin 等）也可用于表示将来。 I didnt know when they were coming again 我不知道他们什么时候再来。,四、用法注意点： 1在时间和条件状

22、语从句中，常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。例如： He said he would come to see you when he had time 他说他有时间就来看望你。 2“would动词原形”可表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，都可用would。 When he was a child he would get up early 他年幼时，总是很早起床。,1. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 2. Old

23、 McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 3. I _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 4. I _ to take a

24、good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 5. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come,将来完成时 9.-Tommy is planing to buy a car. -I kn

25、ow .By the next month,he _enough for a used one. A.Saves B.saved C.will save D.will have saved,将来进行时 11.-Guess what,weve got our visas for a shout-term visit to the UK this summer. -How nice! You_a different cultural then. A.Will be experiencing B. have experienced C.Have been experiencing D. will h

26、ave experienced,现在完成进行时 强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行。 Tom _in the library every night over the last three months. A.Works B. worked C.has been working D.had been working 强调动作的持续时间，常带有感情色彩。 Ive been waiting for an hour,but he still hasnt turned up.,过去完成进行时 When Alice came to(清醒过来) life,she did not know how long

27、she _there. A.Had been lying B.has been lying C.was lying D.has lain,一般过去时与现在完成时之比较 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语。 共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonigh

28、t, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately等。 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不确定的时间状语。,请认真分析比较下列各例句： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） She has returned from Pa

29、ris. （她已从巴黎回来了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回来了。） He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。) 注意：句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如： （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom

30、wrote a letter to his parents last night.,用一般过去时代替完成时 1) 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。 When she saw the mouse，she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 2) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。 When I heard the news, I was very excited. 3) 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.,