新编英语教程5 unit6 教学课件.ppt

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1、Unit SixTEXT I Preparing for College,I. Library Work 1. Homer (8th century B.C.), the Greek epic poet to whom are attributed the Iliad and the Odyssey, the greatest epic poetry of all time. The Iliad, the tale of the siege of Troy (an ancient city in Asia Minor), is an epic poem in twenty-four books

2、. The Odyssey is an epic poem which records the adventures of Odysseus or Ulysses, a Greek leader in the,I. Library Work,Trojan War, a legendary war waged anywhere from the 11th to the 14th century B.C. It is also in twenty-four books. 2. Dante Alighieri (1265 1321), Italian poet whose reputation re

3、sts chiefly on The Divine Comedy (ca. 1309 1320), an epic poem that describes his spiritual journey through Hell and Purgatory and finally to Paradise, or the way of an individual soul from sin to purification.,I. Library Work,3. Caius Julius Caesar (100 44 B.C.), Roman general and administrator who

4、 made himself master of the Roman world by defeating Pompey the Great (106 48 B.C.), the Roman general and statesman before him. Caesar ruled supreme until he was assassinated by a group of conspirators headed by Marcus Brutus and Cassius.,I. Library Work,4. Robert Owen (1771 1858), British socialis

5、t reformer and founder of cooperative communities. He strove against social disorders brought about by the Industrial Revolution and urged Parliament to enact laws that would alleviate the bad working conditions in British factories. He assisted the trade,I. Library Work,union movement. He discourag

6、ed the hiring of children. He established a cooperative society for the purchase and sale of commodities, and organized cooperative communities to create a better environment. William Owen is said to be a “red”, or a socialist, because he is a descendant of Robert Owen.,I. Library Work,5. Tories are

7、 members or supporters of the Conservative Party in Great Britain. The term Tory was first used to name a member of a political party in Great Britain from the late 17th century to about 1832 that favored the authority of the king over Parliament and the preservation of the existing social and polit

8、ical order. It was succeeded by the Conservative Party in 1832.,I. Library Work,6. Liberals are people of liberal principles or views, or members of the Liberal Party in Great Britain. Liberals favor progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs.,I. Library Work,7. A Roman Catholic is a m

9、ember of the Roman Catholic Church, the part of the Christian Church which acknowledges the Pope as its head. Catholicism differs from Protestantism in the importance it grants to tradition, ritual, and the authority of the Pope.,I. Library Work,8. A Protestant is a member of the Protestant Church,

10、which is any of the Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church. The Protestants reject the authority of the Pope or papacy (教皇统治). They find authority in the text of the Bible.,II. Organization of the Text,1. He failed in a number of examinations required for entering the Un

11、iversity of California and the cause of it. (Paragraphs 1 - 4) 2. His private tutor, Mr. Nixon, exerted great influence on him; he encouraged his pupil to think and discover all by himself. (Paragraphs 5 -12),II. Organization of the Text,3. He found the best preparations for college in the stimulati

12、ng Saturday night conversations among all those Oxford and Cambridge men. (Paragraphs 13 - 15),III. Key Points of the Text,Paragraph 1 to be put off for a year: to be delayed for a year put sth. off: delay doing sth. E.g.: Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今日事今日毕。 I was not of them:

13、 I was not like them; I was not of their kind.,Paragraph 2,so far as I could make out: so far as I could understand make out: understand, see, or hear E.g.: That problem is just beyond me; I cant make it out. He muttered a complaint that nobody could make out.,Paragraph 2,they looked dazed or indiff

14、erent: they looked confused / bewildered or uninterested / unconcerned Daze is often used in the passive. To be dazed is to be made unable to think or feel clearly. E.g.: His answer to the question left us all dazed.,Paragraph 2,indifferent: not interested in, not caring about E.g.: We should not be

15、 indifferent to the low achievers in school. foreign to me: unfamiliar and strange to me; unknown to me; not within my experience. This is the formal use of the word foreign.,Paragraph 2,E.g.: His concept of education is entirely foreign to us. From Steffenss description of “the elect” in Paragraph

16、2, what has been revealed about himself?,Paragraph 2,- He must be very different from those boys. To him study did not mean performing all the tasks assigned by the teacher without thinking and reasoning. He must be unhappy to be told to memorize what he was supposed to learn without a thorough unde

17、rstanding.,Paragraph 2,He was motivated by a strong quest for knowledge, not by the desire to distinguish himself in terms of marks.,Paragraph 2,What kind of school had his father chosen? Why was it wrong for him? - It was the type of school where students were expected to “do their duty”, that is,

18、to perform all the tasks assigned by the teacher without thinking and reasoning;,Paragraph 2,teachers usually asked their students to memorize things without a thorough understanding; students were motivated by the desire to distinguish themselves in terms of marks, “ to beat the other fellows, stan

19、d high, ”,Paragraph 3,bear on: be relevant to; have some connection with; relate to E.g.: Did what he said bear on your problem? for keeps: This phrase is used informally, meaning “forever, permanently, for good”,Paragraph 3,E.g.: “Can I have one of those cute mementos（漂亮的纪念品）” “Sure. This one is yo

20、urs, for keeps.”,Paragraph 4,appeal to: attract, interest E.g.: His plan of spending our winter vacation in an orphanage to coach the children there in English appealed to all of us. Appeal has different meanings in different contexts.,Paragraph 4,E.g.: The Municipal Government appealed to (requeste

21、d) the residents to save water last summer. The defendant defied the verdict (the official decision made by a jury in a court of law) and appealed to (上诉) the higher court. 被告对法庭的裁决不服，向高一级法院提起上诉。,Paragraph 4,the rudiments: the basics, the fundamentals (The word rudiments is always in the plural form

22、 when used in this sense.) 基础；基本原理；初级阶段，入门,Paragraph 4,E.g.: the rudiments of grammar 语法入门 the rudiments of physics 物理学基本原理 the rudiments of a plan 计划的雏形 the rudiments of civilization 文明的萌芽,Paragraph 4,When I knocked at the college gates, I was prepared for a college education in some branches; my m

23、ind was hungry enough for the answers to some profound questions to have made me work and develop myself, especially on,Paragraph 4,lines which I know now had no ready answers, only more and ever more questions: When I got ready to enter college, I was expecting a college education in some definite

24、fields. I was very eager to know the answers to some questions difficult to understand, and,Paragraph 4,that has made me work and improve myself; especially in areas of study where there were no prompt answers, but there were endless questions.,Paragraph 4,metaphysics: the branch of philosophy that

25、deals with abstract concepts, etc. 形而上学；玄学 I was not in the least curious about Greek : I wasnt eager to learn Greek at all,Paragraph 4,not in the least: not at all E.g.: Lots of people love to read science fiction, but Im not in the least interested. The text begins with his failure to get into uni

26、versity. What caused his failure? (Infer mainly from Paragraphs 3 and 4.),Paragraph 4,- He was not interested in those subjects which seemed to him irrelevant to his life, and the teachers failed to interest him in those subjects. As a result, he did not do well in them. This partly accounted for hi

27、s failure.,Paragraph 5,to be crammed for Berkeley: to be stuffed with as much book knowledge as possible for me to pass the entrance examination of the University of California at Berkeley cram: learn as much as possible in a short time just before the examination,Paragraph 5,E.g.: Learning is a lon

28、g-range process. Cramming for an examination in the last minute does one no good. retain: (law) to employ (a lawyer) to act for one, by paying in advance 付定金聘定（律师等）；付定金保留 E.g.: retain sb. as ones legal counsel 聘定某人为法律顾问,Paragraph 5,retain ones rooms for the holidays 付定金以在外出度假时保留房间 a retaining fee 律师

29、费 all the poets of all the ages: all the poets of all periods in history Compare: of all the ages 不同的历史时代 of all ages 不同的年龄,Paragraph 5,ecstasy: (a state of) very strong feeling, especially of joy and happiness 狂喜，入迷： in ecstasies 欣喜若狂；处于狂热状态 E.g.: in an ecstasy of delight 欣喜若狂 in an ecstasy of grie

30、f 悲痛欲绝 go into ecstasy when meditating 沉思冥想出了神,Paragraph 6,What is the antecedent of the pronoun “it” in the first sentence of Paragraph 6? Apart from referring to its antecedent, what cohesive function does it perform? - “It” refers to the change that had come over him. “It” links the paragraph wit

31、h the preceding one.,Paragraph 6,conscious culture: the cultures (i.e., customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular people or social group or nation) that is directly perceptible or known to us fanatic: one who is very enthusiastic about a particular activity,Paragraph 6,rom

32、ance and language sang songs to me: I enjoyed romance and language so much that they were like songs sung to me.,Paragraph 6,inspire: encourage in somebody the desire and ability to take effective action by filling with eagerness, confidence, etc. E.g.: The Party secretarys words inspired us to work

33、 still harder / to greater efforts.,Paragraph 6,When he read or recited Greek verse the Greeks came to life; romance and language sang songs to me, and I was inspired to be like him, not a hero nor even a poet, but a Greek scholar, and thus an instrument on which beautiful words might play.,Paragrap

34、h 6,When he read or recited Greek poetry, it seemed that what was described in the verse became alive; both the romantic ideas and the poetical lines sounded like beautiful,Paragraph 6,music, and I, just like him, was motivated to be neither a hero in poetry nor a poet who created poetry, but only a

35、 student of Greek culture and poetry, in such a way that I would be able to interpret Greek poetry.,Paragraph 6,It was too great and too various for me to personify with my boyish imitations and heroism. Life was so good and so different in kind that I was not able to express what it was like with m

36、y youthful mind and boldness,Paragraph 6,personify: express or represent (a quality in human form); be a (perfect) example of 象征，体现，成 典型,Paragraph 8,sedentary: inactive; done while sitting down 需久坐的，贯坐的,Paragraph 11,underline: indicate the importance of，emphasize when I looked balked: when I looked

37、thwarted（畏缩；退缩）/ frustrated（灰心丧气） balk: stop or intentionally get in the way of 畏缩；突然停止；回避 balked: (here) baffled; frustrated,Paragraph 11,E.g.: She could hardly remember now what happened to her right after the notification of her sons missing in action. Nightmare rides of balking misery which clat

38、tered over wide fields and hills of the rubbled dying.,Paragraph 11,她现在几乎无法记起一收到儿子在战斗中下落不明的通知之后她自己怎么样了。噩梦中，痛苦使马畏缩不前，她骑在马上哒哒地走遍广阔的躺满在碎砖烂瓦中正在死去的人的田野和山丘。,Paragraph 12,“Go to, boy. The world is yours. Nothing is done, nothing is known. The greatest poem isnt written, the best railroad isnt built yet, th

39、e perfect state hasnt been thought of. Everything remains to be done - right, everything.” “Come on, boy. The world belongs to you - you are expected to do creative,Paragraph 12,thinking and to act creatively for the world. There is still a lot to be accomplished, and a lot to be found out. No poem

40、written can be called the greatest and no railroad built can be the best. The perfect state has yet to be conceived. Everything has yet to be done.”,Paragraph 13,a maddening lot: a wild, uncontrollable group righteous sects: morally justifiable groups of people whose religious beliefs are considered

41、 different from those of a larger group 正义的派别,Paragraph 13,righteous: (of a person or his behavior) (doing what is) morally good and just 正直的，正当的 clinch: (in the sport of boxing) the position of the two fighters when holding each other too tightly, with the arms（拳击等的）钳住对手,Paragraph 13,E.g.: get into

42、 a clinch 扭成一团 with a sureness which withstood reference to the books: with such a certainty that they did not have to refer to the source of the quotation (他们在引用权威人士所述时是)如此地肯定，他们不必提及引文的出处。,Paragraph 13,withstand: hold out against, stand up to, not be changed by E.g.: Buildings in this area should b

43、e able to withstand earthquakes（顶得住地震）. Great works of art / literary works can always withstand the test of time（经得起时间的考验）,Paragraph 13,papal bull: an official document issued by the Pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. papal: of the Pope or of the papacy 罗马教皇的 bull: a solemn official lette

44、r from the Pope 教皇训令,Paragraph 13,verbatim: word for word; in exactly the same words E.g.: copy it verbatim 逐字地抄录 report a speech verbatim 逐字地报道一篇演说 a verbatim reprint 毫无改动的再版,Paragraph 13,How does the man Evelyn Nixon impress you？ Support your answer with information from the text. (For supporting

45、information, refer to Paragraphs 6 to 13.),Paragraph 13,- A well-informed Oxford scholar, a god teacher, who knew how to interest his student in what he had to learn, a creative and original man, who was not satisfied with what was known, but was more interested in the exploration and discovery of t

46、he unknown.,Paragraph 13,The teacher has turned out to have formed a change over me. How has he achieved this? (For supporting information, refer to Paragraphs 6 to 13) - He encouraged me to explore into the unknown world; he knows how to interest his student in what he has to learn;,Paragraph 13,he

47、 encouraged me to listen to the stimulating Saturday night conversations among all those Oxford and Cambridge men.,Paragraph 13,Despite their similar background, the Englishmen who met at the Saturday night gatherings had “no common opinion on anything apparently” (Paragraph 13). By which sentence i

48、n the same paragraph is this fact restated? Why does the author seem to emphasize this point?,Paragraph 13,- “They could not among them agree on anything but a fact.” To emphasize the originality of these searching minds and the infinite nature of the pursuit of knowledge.,Paragraph 14,It was conver

49、sation I was hearing, the free, passionate, witty exchanges of studied minds as polished as fine tools. They were always courteous; no two ever spoke together; there were no asides; they all talked to the question before the house, and while they were on the job of exposition anyone, regardless of h

50、is side,Paragraph 14,would contribute his quota of facts, or his remembrance of some philosophers opinion or some poets perfect phrase for the elucidation or the beautification of the theme. What I was hearing was the unrestrained, earnest, and sparkling interchanges of great intellect as sharp as f

51、irst-rate tools.,Paragraph 14,They were always polite, speaking one at a time; no one spoke to anyone in secret and no one digressed; they all spoke when there was an issue everyone was interested in; and while they were explaining something, anyone, no matter whether he was for or against the issue

52、, would tell others what he knew about a,Paragraph 14,philosophers opinion or a poets phrase in order to clarify or to beautify the theme. studied minds as polished as fine tools: great intellectual faculties, great mental capacities as flawless as first-class tools polish: make or become smooth and

53、 shiny by continual rubbing 磨光，擦亮,Paragraph 14,aside: words spoken by an actor to those watching the play, and not intended to be heard by the other characters; digression 旁白；离题的话 quota: a stated number of amount, or a limit on numbers 配额；限额；定额；定量 E.g.: fulfill a quota 完成定额,Paragraph 14,fill (meet)

54、a quota 达到定额（或限额） have quotas on products like paper or specialty steel 对纸、特种钢之类的产品规定限额 over-fulfill the quota 超额完成 the quota system 定额分配制,Paragraph 14,elucidation: the act of explaining or making clear (a difficulty or mystery) 阐明，解释 relish: great enjoyment, especially of food, pleasure and satisfa

55、ction 乐趣，享乐 E.g.: He ate with great relish. 他吃得津津有味。,Paragraph 14,She took relish in showing her friends her jewelry. 她以向朋友炫示自己的珠宝首饰为乐。 The boy has no relish for sports. 这男孩不喜欢体育运动。,Paragraph 14,Why does Steffens say that those wonderful Saturday nights in San Francisco were his preparations for col

56、lege? (Refer to Paragraphs 14 and 15) The conversations he heard were brilliant, scholarly, and stimulating, thus greatly broadening his scope of knowledge. And,Paragraph 14,the way in which the conversations were carried on was inspiring, too. They were much more beneficial to him than the kind of

57、school education he had received.,Paragraph 15,void: a deep empty space 空间，空虚处 E.g.: vanish into the void 消失得无影无踪 fill the void 填补空白 feel a void in ones life 感到生活空虚 an aching void in sb.s heart 某人内心空落落的痛苦感觉,Paragraph 15,explicit: (of a statement, rule, etc.) clear and fully expressed 清楚的，明确的 Compare

58、: implicit,Text II Letter to a B Student,I. Organization of the Text 1. Reasons for a disappointing grade B (Paragraphs 1 2) a. The norm has shifted upward (1) b. Winning has come to assume unprecedented importance in the current society (2),I. Organization of the Text,2. The purpose of writing the

59、letter: to put the recipients disappointment in perspective by considering exactly what his grade means (Paragraphs 3 - 8) a. Grade is a fuzzy symbol representing a questionable judgment of ones mastery of the subject (3 4),I. Organization of the Text,b. Grade represents no judgment of ones basic ab

60、ility or character (5 8) analogy (5 6) example (7 8) 3. Correct interpretation of grade - sub specie aeternitatis (Paragraphs 9 11),II. Key Points of the Text,Paragraph 1 eligibility: qualification; quality of being fit to be chosen 资格,Paragraph 2,repute: (often formal) good or bad reputation（好的或坏的）

61、名声；名誉 E.g.: He is a doctor of great repute. 他是个很有声望的医生。 I know him by repute, not personally. 我只是闻其名，跟他并无私交。,Paragraph 2,She is a person of low repute here. 她在这儿名声不好。 through good and evil repute 不管舆论如何；不管人们怎样认为 be well (ill) reputed 有好（坏）名声 in high (low) repute 声望高（低）,Paragraph 2,Compare reputation

62、: general opinion about the qualities of a person 名誉；声誉；名声 E.g.: He has an excellent reputation as a doctor. 作为医生，他享有盛名。 She has gained quite a reputation (for herself) as a cook. 她当厨师手艺好，很有名气。,Paragraph 2,a zero-sum game: a game in which whatever is gained by one side is lost by the other 得失所系的赌赛 E

63、.g.: a zero-sum conflict or situation 得失所系的冲突或局面 offset: balance, make up for 补偿；抵消,Paragraph 2,E.g.: The gains offset the losses. 得失相当。 Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices. 他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。,Paragraph 2,go under: (of a ship or floating object) to sink; to go down; (of a business o

64、f person) to fail or get into difficulties（船等）沉没；（商行等）倒闭；失败; 垮掉 E.g.: The firm went under in the economic crisis. 这家商行在经济危机中倒闭了。,Paragraph 2,She has so many worries, she is sure to go under. 她有那么多事要操心，身体非垮掉不可。 salvation: the saving or state of being saved from the power and effect of evil (sin) 灵魂的拯

65、救,Paragraph 4,fuzzy: not clear in shape, especially at the edges; misty 模糊的 E.g.: a fuzzy photo 模糊的照片 a fuzzy sound 模糊的声音 a fuzzy policy 含混的政策 Im a little fuzzy on the details. 在细节方面我不太清楚。,Paragraph 5,In short supply: scarce 供应不足 E.g.: Ammunition was in extremely (或desperately) short supply. 弹药极度缺乏。

66、 It demands patience, always in short supply. 它需要耐心，而人们却总是缺乏这一东西。,Paragraph 7,make a point of doing something (also make it a point to do something): take particular care to do something 打定主意做某事；总是要做某事 E.g.: He makes it a point to look as healthy and attractive as he can. 他始终尽可能使自己显得身体健康又富有魅力。,Paragraph 7,He makes a point of always being punctual. 他总是很准时。 You make a point of forgetting everything I have said. 你老是把我说过的话忘得精光。 And yet it ex