宾语从句ppt-自己总结.ppt

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1、句子分析 Tent,英语句子 TENT,基本成份 附属成份 独立成份 省略成份 连接成份,简单句 并列句 复合句, 练 习,1、 我 喜欢 狗. 2、我 喜欢 可爱的 狗 。,主语,谓语,宾语,I love dog.,I love the lovely dog.,主语 谓语 宾语,定语,定语：1、用在主语和宾语前面，起修饰和限制作用的语 言单位。 2、特点：A、经常由名词、形容词、动词、代词 充当。B、一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。,主语 不及物动词 （ S + Vi ） 主语 及物动词 宾语 ( S + Vt + O) 主语 系动词 表 (S + LV + predicative) 主

2、语双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl) There + be / stand/ lie / live.,简单句的五种基本句型,主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成份。 完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成份，至多4个。,noun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause In

3、finitive,Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be / feel / seem / look appear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep taste / smell etc.,主语 不及物动词 She came / My headaches. 主语 及物动词 宾语 She likes English. 主语 系动词 补语 She is happy,简单句基本句型实例,他 给 约翰 一本书,宾

4、语,宾语,主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语,She gave John a book,附属成份,基本成份的修饰语。可以是： 定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。,定 语 Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby Have you seen the book on the desk? 你看见放在 书咯吗？,主语,谓语,宾语,定语,定语,可怜的 约翰 蹒跚地 走向 附近的 医院,桌子上的,John often came to chat with me John likes oranges ve

5、ry much Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. Youd better stay here.,状 语,英语句子 TENT,基本成份 连接成份,简单句 并列句 复合句,

6、练 习,附属成份,独立成份,省略成份,Examples: Oh！What is that！（惊叹词） He has，alas，failed again Come here，John（呼语） Roll on，Ocean，roll on,句中可以去掉的成份，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成份和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。,独立成份,（You） Come here （I wish you）Good luck！ Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggs He runs as fast as, if ( he does ) not ( r

7、un ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.,句中被省略的成份，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思：,省略成份,简单句,简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作用中的一种。 作一种陈述 提出一个问题 发出一种命令或请求 表示一种感叹,Examples: The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy. The girl r

8、ead the books. / The books pleased the girl. Does the shop close at 7 tonight? Shut the door. What a slow train this is!,简单句的扩展成份,简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。 The dog jumped A boy put milk The girl seems to be very happy.,through the window.,bright little,in a blue coat,a

9、t once.,young,with long black hair,英语句子 TENT,基本成份 独立成份 省略成份,简单句 并列句 复合句, 练 习,附属成份,连接成份,连接成份实际上是一个连词. 用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。 另一类连接成份是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。 一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成份。,连接成份,并列句,常用并列连词,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词： 因果并列连词: 选择并列

10、连词:,but, however, while, yet,for, so,or, eitheror, neither nor,and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and then,两个简单句的主语可以用and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。 The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris. 连成一句话： The boss may be flyi

11、ng to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin. 连成一句话：（或者） The boss is not flying to York. His secretary isnt flying to York. 连成一句话：（既不也不）,主语、谓语、宾语的合并,The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.,Both the boss and his secretary flying to Paris.,are,Either the boss or his secretary flying to

12、Berlin.,Neither the boss nor his secretary flying to York.,is,is,两个简单句的宾语可由and、bothand等连词连接组成一个简单句。 I met Jane. I met her husband. I met Jane and her husband. I met both Jane and her husband. It was cold. It was wet. It was cold and wet. I didnt meet Jane. I didnt meet her husband. I didnt meet eith

13、er Jane or her husband. I met neither Jane nor her husband. 两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。 We sang all night. We danced all night. We sang and danced all night.,主语、谓语、宾语的合并,并列句,需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。,用分号： We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.,用分号，后跟一个连接副词： We fished all day;

14、 we didnt catch a thing.,用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等） We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.,however,，,Exercise: 请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。,He was tired, so he went to bed.,1. He was tired. He went to bed.,2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.,3. He made a promise. H

15、e didnt keep it.,He made a promise, but He didnt keep it.,The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.,英语句子 TENT,基本成份 独立成份 省略成份 连接成份,简单句 并列句, 练 习,附属成份,复合句,由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所 构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。 主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。 从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个 主句连用，不能独立存在。 复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接 在一起构成,但复合句的各组

16、成部份并非 同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引 导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。 复合句 = 主句 + 从句,复合句,复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句： 1. 主语从句 2. 宾语从句 3. 表语从句 4. 定语从句 5. 状语从句 6. 同位语从句,英文写作中最常使用的从句 宾语从句 状语从句 定语从句,The Object Clause,宾语从句,附属成份,基本成份的修饰语。可以是： 定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、

17、短语或从句。,宾 语 Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby Have you seen the book on the desk? 你看见放在桌子上的 咯吗？,主语,谓语,宾语,可怜的 约翰 蹒跚地 走向 附近的 医院,书,The object clause 宾语从句 定义：复合句中，放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句。,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,He told me,the news.,that the match had been cancelled.,宾语,how much he was prepa

18、red to pay for my car.,that I could have the money without delay.,how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the money without delay.,when he was leaving for Paris.,that his father was working in that school.,宾语从句,宾语从句三要素：,一、引导词 二、语序:陈述语序（主语+谓语） 三 、时态 四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 五、

19、宾语从句的反意疑问句 六、否定转移,宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：,一、引导词,（看从句）,从句是陈述句 (口语中常省略）,从句是一般疑问句,从句是特殊疑问句,We know （that）we should learn from each other.,Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.,that if/whether（是否） wh/how(即特殊疑问词),Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?,引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导 词，看从句成份是否完整

20、，不完整，一定是特殊疑问句。完整，判断主句语气，是疑问语气，用if/whether; 是肯定语气，用that.,If/whether（是否）的区别,一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether： 在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided. 在介词后：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. 与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. 做主语从句：Whether he is

21、 right isnt important.,主语,宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：,一、引导词,（看从句）,从句是陈述句 (口语中常省略）,从句是一般疑问句,从句是特殊疑问句,We know （that）we should learn from each other.,Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.,that if/whether（是否）,Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?,引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导 词，看从句成份是否完整，不完整，一定

22、是特殊疑问句。完整，判断主句语气，是疑问语气，用if/whether; 是肯定语气，用that.,wh/how(即特殊疑问词),从句是特殊疑问句, 当主句的主语或宾语与从句主语是一致, 可简化成: 特殊疑问词+to do.,Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？,Can you tell me how to get to the nearest post office？,宾语从句三要素：,一、引导词 二、语序:陈述语序（主语+谓语） 三 、时态 四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 五、宾语从句的反意疑问句

23、六、否定转移,二、语序,Does he work hard？I wonder.,I wonder if he works hard. 或I wonder whether he works hard.,When did he leave？I dont know. ,I dont know when he left.,陈述句语序 即：连词主语谓语动词,陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：,He is an honest boy. The teacher said.,The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.,一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从

24、句，语序变为陈述语序。如：,Whats the matter?(怎么了?)等,在作宾语从句时,语序不变.,如: Could you tell me whats the matter? 可以告诉我怎么了吗?,3. 下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。 I think that he will come to China next year. I want to know if he was at home yesterday. Can you tell me where does your mother work? Do you know who can answer the question? Ple

25、ase tell us where is the hospital?,your mother works,the hospital is,宾语从句三要素：,一、引导词 二、语序:陈述语序（主语+谓语） 三 、 四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 五、宾语从句的反意疑问句 六、否定转移,时态,三、时态,如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。,如：I have heard（that）he _(come) back next week.,如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。,（看主句）,如：He said（that）there _(be) no

26、classes yesterday.,注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。,如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.,We wonder when he _(start) learning English.,He told me he _(can) swim.,were,could,started,will come,The teacher asked him what he _(do) at seven.,was doing,My friend asked me when

27、I _ (leave) for Beijing.,would leave,He told me that he _(be) to Shanghai.,had been,Could you tell me how he _(go) to school every day?,goes,4.时态练习,1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never

28、gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 3 Could you tell me whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. traveled B. has traveled

29、 C. travels D. had traveled,A,D,C,B,C,宾语从句三要素：,一、引导词 二、语序:陈述语序（主语+谓语） 三 、时态 四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别,五、宾语从句的反意疑问句 六、否定转移,其它问题,did she,I dont think he is serious,_?,is he,I believe he can finish it on time, _?,cant he,否定的转移：,当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose等词 时，其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。,如： I dont think he is right. 我认为他不对。,附加疑问句（反意疑问句）：,1. 一般根据主句的谓语动词判断： 如：,She didnt say that he would come here, _?,2.当主句主语为I（我），主句动词为suppose,believe，think等，则根据从句判断，但肯、否定形式根据主句判断：,标点符号的确定： 带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号取决于主句。,主句是 陈述句: 。 He asked me where I went just now. 问句： ？ Do you know when hell be back?,T H E E N D,