牛津英语AUnitKnowyourselfGrammar课件(张ppt).ppt

《牛津英语AUnitKnowyourselfGrammar课件(张ppt).ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《牛津英语AUnitKnowyourselfGrammar课件(张ppt).ppt（64页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、Unit 1 Know yourself (Grammar A),Using and/but/or/so,and，or，but，so,1. or 否则 相当于一个否定条件句。 Hurry up, or youll be late. 快点，否则你就要迟到了。 (If you dont hurry up, youll be late.) 2. and这样的话，就会，相当于一个肯定条件句 Study hard, and you can get good grades. 努力学习，你就会取得高分。 (If you study hard, you can get good grades.) 3. but

2、 但是，可是，而 前后分句是转折关系 Mr Mott is very poor, but he feels happy. Mott先生很穷，但他感到快乐。 4. so于是，因此 并列具有因果关系的两个分句。 We wanted to learn the English songs, so we asked the teacher to teach us. 我们想学英文歌，于是请老师教我们。,The sky is blue. Everything is beautiful.,The sky is blue and everything is beautiful.,The Golden Gate

3、Bridge is interesting. The Golden Gate Bridge is wonderful.,The Golden Gate Bridge is interesting and wonderful.,and,and,The pyramids are small but look just like the real ones.,The pyramids are small. The pyramids look just like the real ones.,The pyramids are small. We are looking forward to visit

4、ing it.,The pyramids are small but we are looking forward to visiting it.,but,but,I will visit Paris by myself. My mother will show me around Paris.,I will visit Paris by myself ormy mother will show me around Paris.,I will go to France by plane. I will go to France by train.,I will go to France by

5、plane or by train.,or,or,Taking the plane is very fast.,We can go there by plane.,Taking the plane is very fast so we can go there by plane.,1. I am active and energetic. I love working with people. 2. He doesnt like to talk much. His work shouts.,用“and”，“but”，“or”，“so”连接句子。,I am active and energeti

6、c，and I love working with people.,He doesnt like to talk much, but he is work shouts.,We useand” to join ideas that are similar.,We usebut to join ideas that are different.,3. I can be a good teacher. I can be a good doctor. = I can be a good teacher _ a good doctor. 4. He does not like singing. He

7、does not like dancing. = He does not like singing _ dancing.,用“and”，“but”，“or”，“so”填空。,or,or,We use or to introduce another possibility.,In negetive sentences, (在否定句中) we use or to join two or more ideas.,I want to share the best art with people. I am always searching for something better or differe

8、nt. = I want to share the best art with people, _ I am always searching for something better or different.,用“and”，“but”，“or”，“so”填空。,so,We use so to express the result of sth. “因此”,We useand to join ideas that are similar. We use but to join ideas that are different. We use or to introduce another p

9、ossibility. (In negetive sentences, we use or to join two or more ideas.) We use so to express the result of sth.,Summary,一. 用and , but, or或so 填空 We went there by bus _ we got there on time. 2. Would you like some apples _bananas ? 3. I want to go traveling , _ I havent got enough money . 4. You can

10、 find some news _ interesting stories on the Internet. 5. He is only a child, _ he knows a lot.,and,or,but,and,but,5. Which is better , Class 1 _ Class 2 ? 6. She is too fat, _ she has to do more exercise. 7. Peter_ James is going to give us a talk about English tomorrow. 8. I help him _he helps me.

11、 9. Tom was hungry, _ his mother made him a sandwitch,or,so,or,and,so,二. 用and ,but ,or改写句子 1. It is sunny . Our city looks more beautiful. 2. He invited me to the meeting. I am very busy so I cant go. .,It is sunny, and our city looks more beautiful.,He invited me to the meeting, but I am very busy

12、so I cant go.,3. On Sunday you can go horse riding . You can listen to pop music at home.,4. The little boy is very young. He knows more things than the other children.,On Sunday you can go horse riding or listen to pop music at home.,The little boy is very young, but he knows more things than the o

13、ther childern.,P12 1. Kitty is kind, but sometimes she is impatient. 2. Billy would not accept others advice or think twice. 3. Judy is gentle, so/and she never gets angry with others. 4. Suzy worries too much, so she cannot sleep well sometimes.,1. Mary likes music_Tom is found of sports. A. and B.

14、 but C. both A and B 2. I failed again, _ I wont give up. A. and B. but C. so 3. This is my first lesson, _ I dont know your names. A. and B. but C. so,and : 表对等 “和、并且” but: 表转折 “但是” so: 表因果 “所以”,and, or, but, so 基本用法,4. Which do you like better, apples, _ pears? A. and B. but C. or 5. Now we have n

15、o time _ money. A. so B. and C. or,or: 1. 用于疑问句, 表选择 2. 用于否定句, 表并列,6. Try your best _ youll make more progress. A. and B. but C. or 7. Dont lose heart, _ youll lose all. A. and B. so C. or,and 和 or 都可以在祈使句中使用. and 通常是比较好的结果; or 则表示不愉快或不理想的结果.,and, or, but, so 基本用法,8. Its getting warmer _ warmer. A.

16、and B. but C. or 9. He or the twins _ the USA. A. comes from B. come from C. is from 10. Not Tom but I _ going to give the talk. A. am B. is C. are,adj.比 + and + adj.比 表示越来越,A or B 和 not A but B 结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用就近原则。,and, or, but, so 特殊用法,11. Although I have passed the exam, _ I am not pleased with th

17、e result. A. and B. but C. /,and, or, but, so 特殊用法,although 和 but 不能同时出现。,12. Both Peter and I _ going to Guangzhou. A. are B. is C. am 13. Either apples or rice _ Ok. I am hungry. A. are B. is C. / 14. Neither I nor my parents _ to tell you the truth. A. wants B. want C. is going to 15. Not only I

18、but also Jane _ sure that well win. A. is B. are C. am,以上结构做主语，除bothand 谓语要用复数外，其余都使用就近原则。,“so + be 动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”,小小诊所： so前面的句子都是肯定句。若前面的句子是否定句,那就不能用so引导这个句子了,而应该用 “Neither/Nor + be 动词/情态动词/助动词+主语” (某人也不）, “ He is a Chinese.” “ So am I.” “Tom can dance.” “ So can Mary.” “Mother will go to Beijing.

19、” “So will I.” I have been to America. So has Li Lei. She likes English. So do they. Lily played basket yesterday. So did Lucy.,（某人也是） 表示前一句中主语的肯定情况也适用于后者，在时态上应和前一句保持一致，但两句的主语应是不同的两人。例如：.,“Neither/Nor + be 动词/情态动词/助动词+主语” (某人也不） 表示前一句中主语的否定情况也适用于后者，前后两句的主语是不同的。, “ He isnt a Chinese.” “ Neither am I.

20、” “Tom cant dance.” “Neither can Mary.” “Mother wont go to Beijing.” “Neither will I.” I havent been to America. Neither has Li Lei. She doesnt like English. Neither do they. - Lily didnt play basketball yesterday. - Neither did Lucy. “I dont like playing with that girl.” “Neither does he.”,“so +主语+

21、 be 动词/情态动词/助动词” ( 的确如此）两句中的主语是同一人, -Its a bad day today. -So it is. -John studies English well. -So he does.,( ) 1.- I used to go out for a walk after supper. - _. A.So do I B. So did I C. Neither did I D.So I did ( ) 2. -She has a nice watch. -_. A.So has she B. So she has C.So does she D.So she d

22、oes ( )3.-Mary wasnt invited yesterday. -_. A.So was I B. Neither was I C.So did I D. Neither did I ( )4.-Ann has made great progress recently. -_ and_. A. So has she;so have you B. So has she;so you have C. So she has;so you have D. So she has;so have you,B,D,B,D,Unit 1 Know yourself (Grammar B),bo

23、th,Both可作形容词、代词或副词用，意思是“两个”、“双方”、“两个都”。在句中可作主语、宾语或同位语。 如：Both are right.(主语) I like both.(宾语) Both pencils are mine.(同位语）,三者呢？,both,一、Both和both of后都可接复数名词，构成名词词组。 Both后的名词前可有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定，也可没有；both of后的名词前却一定要有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定。,both(the these，her) children,both of the(these，her)children；,both

24、 of children。,Both of后可接人称代词宾格，both后则不可；但人称代词宾格后可接both。,both of us(you，them),both us(you，them),us(you，them)both,二、Both与动词连用时，大多数放在系动词be之后，其它动词之前。 His parents workers. They reading. 若句中谓语动词包含情态动词或助动词时，both大多放在第一个情态动词或助动词之后。 The bridges be built this year. kate and Mary gone to England.,are both,both

25、enjoy,must both,have both,三、Both可与and构成并列连词，连接两个性质相同并在句中作相同成分的并行结构。 Both he and his brother are good at English.(连接两个主语),She can both dance and sing.(连接两个谓语动词),(连接两个表语),Mary is both kind and beautiful.,她能歌善舞。,玛丽既友善又漂亮。,both,+ 名词复数,of the ns / 代词,. and .,作主语看作复数,1.二个女孩都来自英国。 2.科学和数学二门都很难。,_ _ _ _ Eng

26、land.,_ _ _ _ _ _ England.,Both girls,are / come from,Both of the girls,are / come,from,_ science _ maths _ hard.,Both,and,are,3.I can speak _ Chinese _ English.,both and,四、含both的句子变为否定时，是将both改为neither。,Both of the boys are clever.,Both of the boys are not clever.,Neither of the boys are clever.,两个

27、男孩都聪明。,两个男孩都不聪明。,并不是两个男孩都聪明(一个聪明一个愚笨)。,不完全否定,含bothand的句子变为否定句时，将bothand改为neithernor.，连接的两个部分若是名词，可以是单数，也可以是复数。,I know both the man and the woman. Both beats and birds would have the bat as their friend.,I know neither the man nor the woman.,Neither beats nor birds would have the bat as their friend.

28、,not only. but (also).不但而且,1. not only. but (also).在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分，also可以省略。如： He is learning not only English but (also) French. （连接两个宾语） 他不但在学英语，而且还在学法语。 She speaks Russian not only in class but (also) at home. 她在课堂上和家里都说俄语。 （连接两个地点状语）,2. not only. but (also). 用来连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单、复数遵循“就近原则”，即和but (al

29、so)后的名词或代词的数一致。如：,Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents are fond of watching football matches. 不但周霞，而且她的父母都喜欢看足球比赛。 Not only you but also he is tired of having one examination after another.不但你，而且他也讨厌一次接一次的考试。,3.not only. but (also). 连接两个分句，当not only位于句首，前一个分句常用部分倒装来表示强调，而but (also)后的分句仍用陈述语序。如：,No

30、t only is the teacher himself interested in foreign films，but also all his students are beginning to show an interest in them. 不但老师自己对外国电影感兴趣，就连他所有的学生也开始对外国电影感兴趣了。 Not only does Miss Li like music, but (also) she likes sports. 李小姐不但喜欢音乐，而且还喜欢体育。,4. not only but also 中的 not only 不能分开使用，但 but also 却可以

31、分开使用。例如：The area was not only hit by an unexpected heavy rain， but some bridges were also washed away.,5. not only but also 连接两个并列成分时，可以省略 but 或 also ，也可以把 but also 都省略掉。例如：I not only heard it but （ also ） saw it.He was not only compelled（被迫） to stay at home，（ but ） also forbidden（禁止） to see his fri

32、end.She not only finished the task ahead of time， （ but also ） she came to help us.,【注意】使用中注意两点：1、就近。指谓语形式取决于离它近的主语。Not only the students but also the teacher reads English every day.2、一致。not only 与 but also后面所接的词类要一致。She can not only sing but also dance.,【用法小结】 1. not only but also 应连接两个相对称的并列成分。例如

33、：Not only Mr Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. （连接两个主语）I not only play tennis but also practise shooting. （连接两个谓语动词）He plays not only the piano but also the violin. （连接两个宾语）They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory. （连接两个地点状语）,Either -or- Neither-nor-,either :

34、 指两者中的任意一个。 either.or.意为或者或者；不是就是之意。表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分,neither: 指两者中没有一个，全否定。 neither.nor.表示既不也不。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。,Bent: Hi Sam, what do you think? We can go to the tomb today. We can also go there tomorrow. Sam: Lets go tomorrow. The students are all too tired today. One complained that the ro

35、om was not clean and not comfortable.,We can go to the tomb either today or tomorrow.,One complained that the room was neither neither clean nor very comfortable.,Ben: Well, I think the rooms are very clean and comfortable, and I slept very well in mine. Did you notice that Marco and Peter did not c

36、ome to the talk? Sam: I suppose they were tired, but thats not a very good excuse. Well, after visiting the ruins tomorrow, we can then relax. We can go to the Dragon Restaurant. The Phoenix Restaurant is also very good.,Did you notice that neither Marco nor Peter come to the talk?,We can either go

37、to the Dragon Restaurant or the Phoenix Restaurant.,Either -or-,Either you or I can go there tomorrow. subject I either stay at home or go shopping. verb We could choose to eat either noodles or rice . object They are going there either by train or by air. adverbial,Neither-nor-,Neither you nor I ca

38、n go there tomorrow. subject I neither stay at home nor go shopping. verb We could choose to eat neither noodles nor rice . object They are going there neither by train nor by air. adverbial,Try to correct the following mistakes if any,When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. Either my un

39、cle or my parents is going there tomorrow. Neither they nor she is good at drawing. He does not do it, either does he try. Either of the films is good. There were trees and flowers on either side of the street.,are,neither,If you dont go to the party, I dont too. Are either you or I going there tomo

40、rrow? Both dad and mum is at home today. Neither of his cats has been fed. Both he and I are right.,either,are,Either 用于句末，表示否定的“也”，类似too Either +noun Either of +noun Either-or- 就近原则,Neither 用于句首，表示否定的“也”，倒装（nor） Neither+ noun Neither of +noun Neither-nor- 就近原则,Try to distinguish-,Neither teacher of

41、ten answers the questions. 这两个老师，没有一个经常解答问题。 Either teacher often answers the questions. 这两个老师中有一们常常解答问题。,I dont know both his teachers. 他的两位老师我并非都认识。（半否定） I know neither his teachers. 他的老师我都不认识。（全否定）,Sentence transformation,1.Jim doesnt like football. Tom doesnt like football， either. =Jim doesnt l

42、ike football. Neither （nor）does Tom. =Neither Jim nor Tom likes football. 2.He cant speak either Japanese or Chinese . =He can speak neither Japanese nor Chinese.,Either you or he has lunch at school. 其一般疑问句应为： Do either you or he have lunch at school? 是你还是他在学校吃午饭？,?,both and， too， 用于肯定句 与neither no

43、r， either， 是相反的 Susan likes playing the violin. Shirley likes playing it， too. =Susan likes playing the violin， so does Shirley. =Both Susan and Shirley like playing the violin.,Amys family and classmates B1 Amy is writing about what her family does at the weekend. Help her complete the sentences wi

44、th the correct conjunctions.,1._ my dad _ my mum goes to work at the weekend. We visit my grandparents on Saturdays. 2._ my mum _ my grandma are good at cooking. They cook lunch for us. 3._ my mum _ my dad does the dishes after lunch. I also help with it. 4.In the afternoon, my grandpa and my dad _

45、play chess _ chat with each other. 5.My mum _ helps clean the rooms for my grandparents _ does some shopping for them.,Amy and Suzy are talking about what jobs their classmates can do in the future. Complete their conversation with the correct conjunctions and the correct forms of the verbs in brack

46、ets. B2,Amy: Suzy: Amy:,Ive learnt about jobs and personalities recently. Really? What jobs do you think our classmates can do in the future? I think Millie would make an excellent teacher. Shes (1) _ willing to work with children _ patient with them. What about Simon? Hes active and good at playing

47、 football. I think he can be (2) _ a PE teacher _ a football player. Do you think David and Lisa can be artists? Theyre very organized, but artists should be creative. (3) _ Davids _ Lisas personality (4) _ (be) suitable for being an artist, Im afraid. Who can be a manager? (5) _ Judy _ Paul (6) _ (

48、be) very confident and energetic. I think they can be managers. How can I learn about jobs and personalities? You can read about them (7) _ from some books _ on the Internet.,Suzy: Amy:,Suzy: Amy:,Suzy: Amy:,Suzy: Amy:,巩固练习：,( )1. Can I park my car here？ Yes，you can park on ( ) side of the street. （

49、苏州市） A. either B. neither C. both D. all ( )2. We asked John and Henry some easy questions，but ( ) of them could answer them. （上海市） A. none B. both C. all D. neither ( )3. Which is more useful， biology or chemistry？ I think ( ) them are useful. （广州市） A. either of B. none of C. both of D. all of ( )4

50、. ( ) Lily ( ) Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. （吉林省） A. Not only；but also B. Neither；nor C. Both；and D. Either；or,A,D,C,D,正误辨析,1.误 Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now. 正 Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now. 析 在英语中bo

51、th一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意义也不同于汉语，如：Both of us are not right. 在英语中应被理解为我们俩不都对。而Neither of us is right。 才能被理解为我们俩无一正确。 2.误 He or his parents has some tickets for the film. 正 He or his parents have some tickets for the film. 析 由or 连接两主语时，谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致。 3.误 You should study hard, and you wont pass the

52、 exam. 正 You should study hard, or you wont pass the exam. 析 or作为连词，这里的意思为否则。又如：Hurry up, or youll be late for school. 4.误 Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others. 正 Though he is poor, he is ready to help others. 正 He is poor, but he is ready to help others. 析 虽然但是是中文中的常用结构，但在英文中用了虽然则不要用但是

53、，用了但是则不能再用虽然，二者只可用其一。,正误辨析,5.误 Either you or I are on duty. 正 Either you or I am on duty. 析 eitheror 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应，这也叫作就近原则。类似的用法还有or, neither nor, not onlybut also等。 6.误 Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now. 正Tom is our English teacher and is teaching Englis

54、h in our school now. 析 并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重复，但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时，后面的那个系动词不可省略，也就是讲连接的部分不可省略。 7.误 My father likes swimming and to collect stamps. 正 My father likes swimming and collecting stamps. 析 由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构。如是动名词则都用动名词，如用不定式则都应用不定式，这是初学者要注意的一点。,正误辨析, 8.误 We will go both to Be

55、ijing and Shanghai. 正 We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai. 析 用bothand作连接词时，其相连接的部分结构也要相同。 9.误 Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance. 正 Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance. 析 由not only but also连接两个主语时，其重点在其后面的那一个主语，所以谓语形式应采用就近原则。 10.误 Tom does not swim nor play

56、football. 正 Tom does not swim or play football. 析 nor主要用于连接句子的对等连词，如在否定句中连接某一部分时要用or, 但要注意句子的含意，如：This animal does not like a cow or a horse. 这个动物既不像牛也不像马。This animal does not like a cow but a horse. 这个动物不像牛而像马。,Choose the right verb form to complete the sentences. Both my brothers _ in Italy. ( liv

57、es/ live) Neither of his parents _ butter and cheese. (likes/ like) Neither John nor Mary _ at home. ( was/were) Both Peter and Mike often _ football match but neither of them_ football very well. (watches/watch) (plays/play) Either you or I _ going to cook supper tonight. (are/am) Either my father

58、or my mother _ dinner. Both my brother and I _ them on weekends. (cooks/cook) (helps/help) All the people in my family _the housework. (does/do),live,likes,was,watch,plays,am,cooks,help,do,Fill in the blanks with “ eitherorneithernor both(and) My father and my mother are _ teachers. They teach in th

59、e same school. 2. _he _she can join us. We want both of them. 3. The trousers are _ too short_ too long. Neither of them is the right size. 4. She is _Chinese _ Japanese. She comes from Korea. 5. Everyone helps parents with the housework because my parents _ work.,both,Either or,either or,neither nor,both,Fill in the blanks with the proper verb forms Either your mother or your father _(be) a worker. 2. Either they or he _(be) a student. 3. Neither you nor Tom _(have) this book. 4. Both your parents and your sister _(be) at home.,is,is,has,are,