天津专版高考英语二轮复习专题一语法知识第七讲定语从句

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1、第七讲定语从句考点1as，which引导的非限制性定语从句1It is a truly delightful place，_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015湖南，29)Aas BwhereCthat Dwhich答案D解析句意为：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place，且后面的定语从句中缺少主语，可用which或t

2、hat引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。2China Today attracts a worldwide readership，_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015福建，34)Awho BwhomCthat Dwhich答案D解析句意为：今日中国吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词指代前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，且空格前有逗号，故用which来引导。3The number of smo

3、kers，_ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015江苏，21)Ait BwhichCwhat Das答案D解析句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”，符合句意，故选D项。考点归纳关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代主句的整个意思。但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。1as意为“正如，像”。as引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。The famous magician Liu Qian，as we all k

4、now，is from Taiwan.众所周知，著名魔术师刘谦来自台湾。As is often the case，girls like dolls while boys like guns.女孩喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。2which引导的定语从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用and this，and that代替，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。它只能位于主句的后面。He changed his mind again，which(and this/that) made us all angry.他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。She tore up my photos，whi

5、ch (and that) upset me.她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不安。3as有以下常见的“固定表达”：as we all know 众所周知；as I can remember 正如我所记得的；as often happens 正如经常发生的那样；as we expect 正如我们预料的那样；as you see正如你所见；as was expected 正如预料的那样；as can be seen 看得出来；as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样；as has been said above 如上所述；as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样；as

6、 is often the case情况常常如此；as everybody can do正如人人都能做到的那样。考点2where引导的定语从句1The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.(2015天津，15)Awhere BwhichCwhen Dwho答案A解析句意为：该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为an easy atmosphere，且从句中

7、缺少地点状语，故要用where。2Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.(2014福建，31)Awho BwhenCwhich Dwhere答案D解析关系副词where引导定语从句修饰先行词community activities，且在从句中作地点状语。3The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work _ a good impressio

8、n is a must.(2014江苏，22)Awhich BwhenCas Dwhere答案D 解析句意为：这本书极大地帮助了我的日常交流，尤其是在必须给人留下好印象的工作当中。本题先行词为work，表示一个抽象的地点名词；从句中不缺主语，也不缺宾语，因此可以排除关系代词，而选择可以作地点状语的关系副词where。考点归纳当先行词为position，case，point，stage，situation，condition等表示抽象地点的名词，且定语从句中不缺少主要成分时，常用where引导定语从句，此时where相当于under which，from which，意为“在这种情况下，从中”。

9、一些不是明显表示地点的名词作先行词时，也常用where引导定语从句。He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013江西，33)他写了一封信，在信中，他解释了这起事故中发生的事情。Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.(2013四川，9)现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。考点3when引导的定语从句1We will put off the picnic in the park until

10、 next week，_ the weather may be better.(2016天津，9)Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhen答案D解析句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。2As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time_ he should be able to be independent.(2015陕西，15)Awhich BwhereCwhom Dwhen答案D解析句意为：作为家里最小的孩子，

11、亚历克斯总是盼望着他能独立的时候。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the time，表示时间，且从句中缺少状语，故用when引导。3I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade，_ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014浙江，5)Awhen BwhereCwhich Dwhy答案A解析句意为：直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人，当时我爬上树取下了一个挂在树枝上的风筝。when引导的非限制性定语从句是对先行词th

12、e fifth grade的进一步说明，when在从句中作时间状语。考点归纳关系副词when在定语从句中作状语，一般不能省略，可用“介词which”替换。when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常为time，day，morning，night，week，year等表示时间的名词。有时候when也可以和部分介词一起引导定语从句。I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。She went to Japan two years ago，since when I havent heard

13、 from her.她两年前去了日本，从那以后我就没有收到过她的来信。考点4whose引导的定语从句1In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of_ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017江苏，28)Awhich BitsCwhose Dwhom答案C解析句意为：联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的一个宗旨是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the World Food Programme与purposes之间为所属关系，故用

14、whose作purpose的定语，因此选C项。2My eldest son，_ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.(2017天津，9)Athat BwhoseChis Dwho答案B解析句意为：我的长子现在在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后的名词有所属关系，故应用whose。3I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.(2016北京，22)Awhose B

15、whyCwhere Dwhich答案A解析句意为：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。4The books on the desk，_ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.(2015四川，3)Awhich BwhatCwhose Dthat答案C解析句意为：桌面上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。本题考查非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词the books和covers之间是所属关系，故选C。考点归纳whose一般指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句

16、中作定语。指物时，“whose名词”可用“限定词名词of which”或“of which限定词名词”来代替。Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?你认识那个日语非常优秀的姑娘吗？Please pass me the book whose cover is green.Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.请递给我封面是绿色的那本书。考点5“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may

17、 return in the near future.Aon which Bby whichCto which Dfrom which答案C解析句意为：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。return to重新恢复，属于固定搭配。2Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved.(2016浙江，11)Awhom BwhichCwhat Dthat答案B解析句意为：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个得到

18、证实。分析句子成分可知，逗号后是“代词ofwhich/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是many theories，指物，故应用 which。3He wrote many children s books，nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.(2015重庆，14)Awhom BwhichCthem Dthat答案B解析考查定语从句。句意为：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半的书是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。逗号之后是一个修饰childrens books的非限制性定语从句，which指代childrens books。考点归纳1“介词关系

19、代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(指物)和whom(指人)，即：介词which/whom。不能用that 和who。This is the teacher from whom weve learned a lot.这就是从他那里我们学了很多东西的老师。Great changes have taken place in the city in which we live.我们所居住的城市发生了巨大的变化。 2“名词/代词/数词等ofwhich/whom”引导的定语从句。介词of表示整体和部分的关系，of前边会出现复杂的形式，常见的有“some/several/a few/a li

20、ttle/many/more/most/the larger/the biggest/half/many等ofwhich/whom”形式。做题时如果不好理解，可将关系代词换成先行词，则句子结构和意义就比较明显了。John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.(2013重庆，24)约翰大约邀请了40人参加他的婚礼，其中大多数是他的家人。3介词which名词His wife got seriously ill，in which case he had to give up the chance

21、 of going abroad.他的妻子病得很重，因此他不得不放弃出国的机会。4“复合介词短语which”引导的定语从句。此结构常与先行词用逗号分开，且定语从句常用倒装语序。They arrived at the house，in front of which sat a little boy.他们到达那座房子，房前坐着一个小男孩。5from where为“介词关系副词”结构，也可以引导定语从句。He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.他躲在门

22、后面，从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西。(from where指代from behind the door，并非指代from the door)考点6定语从句易混辨析1The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京，31)Athat Bas Cwhere Dwhen答案A解析句意为：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the little problems，且从句中缺少宾语，故用

23、that。as引导定语从句时，多用于the same.as.，such.as.等结构中；where，when引导定语从句时，在从句中分别充当地点和时间状语。2Its not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do _ makes life happy.(2014湖南，33)Athat BwhichCwhat Dwho答案A解析句意为：让生活愉快的不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢那些我们不得不做的事情。强调句型的判断方法是将It is/was与that去掉，来验证句子成分是否完整。经判断句子“Not doing th

24、e things we like but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.”成分完整，结构正确，由此可以判定本句是强调句型，所以空格处应用that。本题中包含结构not.but.“不是而是”，连接平行的并列结构。3It was the culture，rather than the language，_ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014福建，29)Awhere BwhyCthat Dwhat答案C 解析句意为：是风俗文化而不是语言使

25、他很难适应国外的新环境。去掉It was及空格处所填词此句成分仍完整，由此可断定本句是强调句型，所以空格处用that。考点归纳1定语从句与并列句：并列句有and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。He has two children，and both of them are abroad.He has two children，both of whom are abroad.他有两个孩子，他们都在国外。2定语从句与地点状语从句：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词which”来代替where，而地

26、点状语从句则通常只能由 where引导。Rice doesnt grow well where there is not enough water.(状语从句)水稻在水量不充足的地方生长不好。I still remember the factory where(in which) my parents worked ten years ago.(定语从句)我仍然记得十年前我父母工作的那个工厂。3定语从句与强调句：强调句的结构为“It is/was被强调部分that从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。检测是否是强调句的方法是：把强调句中的I

27、t is/was与that/who去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。It is on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the airport.(强调句)是在5月1日的早上我在机场遇到梁伟的。It is the factory where Mr Wang works.(定语从句)这是王先生工作的那家工厂。4定语从句与结果状语从句：在such.as/that结构中，如果复合句中需要一个引导词，同时又需在从句中充当一定的成分，则用as作关系词来引导定语从句。如果从句中不缺少

28、任何成分，所需要的词只起连接作用，则要用that来引导结果状语从句。She is such a kind and funny girl that all of us like to make friends with her.她是如此善良又有趣的一个女孩，以致我们都喜欢和她交朋友。Hes not such a fool as he looks.他并不像看上去那样愚蠢。方法1先行词还原法如果认为是定语从句，大家可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中，如果此句意思通顺，并且句子结构正确，则为定语从句。典例I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the libra

29、ry last week，_ my classmates recommended to me.Awho BwhichCwhen Dwhere答案B解析此处the book Sherlock Holmes是先行词，指物，关系词在从句中作recommended的宾语；又因为是非限制性定语从句，故选B项。方法2四步分析法正确选择引导定语从句的关系词是学习定语从句的难点，大家可以使用“四步分析法”来正确解答试题。一看指人还是物；二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用；四看是否属特殊。典例1As a child，Jack studied in a village school，_ is named after

30、his grandfather.Awhich Bwhere Cwhat Dthat答案A解析句意为：还是孩子的时候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。分析句子结构可知，此题考查定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school，它在定语从句中作主语，因此使用关系代词，选项中的关系代词只有which和that，由于是非限制性定语从句，不能使用that，因此选择A。典例2Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.Awhat BwhoseCwhich Dthat答案B解析句意为：不爱运

31、动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。分析句子结构可知，本定语从句不缺主要成分，故排除C项；what不能引导定语从句，故排除。children与diet是所属关系，故B项符合题意。方法3固定搭配法在解答定语从句时还要注意一些固定短语，这样就需要确定关系词前的介词等。典例Many young people，most _ were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏，23)Aof which Bof themCof whom Dof those答案C解析句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，

32、他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。强化练(七)1The activities organized by our school really gave us a platform _ we learned team spirit.(2017南开区二模，3)Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhen答案B解析句意为：我们学校组织的活动确实为我们提供了一个学习团队精神的平台。先行词platform为表示地点的名词，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故选关系副词where。2You we

33、re rude to our classmate，_ you should make an apology.(2017红桥区二模，15)Awhom Bfor whichCfor whom Dwhich答案B解析句意为：你对我们的同学太无礼了，为此你应该道歉。make an apology to sb.for sth.为某事向某人道歉，由此可排除C项。which指代前面说的“对我们的同学无礼”这件事，应与for连用构成“介词which”结构来引导非限制性定语从句。3We are living in an age _ QR codes(二维码) are becoming more and more

34、 popular in our daily life.(2017北京海淀区二模，28)Awhy BthatCwhose Dwhen答案D解析句意为：我们生活在一个二维码在日常生活中越来越受欢迎的时代。先行词是表示时间的age，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故选D。4Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？(2017河西区二模，15)Ahe explained Bwhat he explainedChow he explained Dwhy he explained答案A解析句意为：这就是他在会议上解释的

35、他工作粗心的原因吗？先行词reason在定语从句中作explained的宾语，故选A。本题易受思维定式的影响而错选D项。5They will fly to Chicago，_ they plan to stay in for two or three days.(2017天津十二区县一模，13)Awhere BthereCwhich Dwhen答案C解析根据句子结构可知，_ they plan to stay in for two or three days 是一个非限制性定语从句，句中stay in后面缺一个宾语，所以用which或者that代指前面的Chicago，但是非限制性定语从句的引

36、导词不能用that，故选C。6Last month，part of the Southeast Asia was struck by floods，from _ effects the people are still suffering.(2017河东区二模，10)Athat BwhoseCwhich Dwhat答案B解析句意为：上个月，东南亚的部分地区遭受洪水袭击，洪水所带来的影响依然在折磨着那里的人们。空后的effects与先行词floods之间为从属关系，故选whose。7The new buyer identified a dozen new sources for the mate

37、rial，_ proved to be reliable.(2017南开区二模，5)Amost of them Bmost of whichCmost of whom Dmost of those答案B解析句意为：新的买家确定了十几个这种材料的新来源，其中大部分来源被证明是可靠的。先行词为sources，指“物”且在定语从句的主语部分“名/代词介词关系代词”中作介词of的宾语，故选B。本题易错选A项，A项只能用于并列句中，若用在此处，需要在其前面加并列连词and或将逗号改为分号。8Several months ago，police in Beijing looked into several

38、crime cases_ personal information had been illegally accessed.(2017红桥区一模，13)Awhich BwhereCwhose Dthat答案B解析分析句式可知，_ personal information had been illegally accessed是一个定语从句，该从句的先行词为cases，表示一个抽象的地点，而且从句结构完整，所以需用关系副词where，故选B。9The law must be strictly observed and_breaks it shall be punished.(2017和平区二模，

39、13)Athose Bthose whoCanyone Danyone who答案D解析由breaks可知主语为单数形式，因此排除A、B两项；C项缺少引导定语从句的引导词；D项先行词anyone指人，引导词用who，符合语法，故选D。10I can well remember that there was a time I will never forget，_ I stayed with my beloved granny.(2017天津五校联考一模，9)Awhen BthatCwhere Dwhy答案A解析此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是a time，由于该从句中缺少时间状语，所以此处应使

40、用关系副词when，故选A。11An electric salt-flavored fork has been developed as part of the No Salt Restaurant project，_ aims to offer low-salt or salt-free food.(2017河东区一模，11)Athat BwhereCwhich Din which答案C解析句中aims to offer low-salt or salt-free food修饰前面的project，是一个非限制性定语从句；从句缺少主语，且先行词project指物，要用which来引导，tha

41、t不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选C。12The air quality in the city，_ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.(2017河北区一模，14)Athat BitCas Dwhat答案C解析通过分析句子成分可知，这里是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as正如，在这里作主语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句；what不能引导定语从句。故选C。13John，_ money was now no problem，started a new company with his friends.(2017

42、和平区一模，8)Afor whose Bof whoseCof whom Dfor whom答案D解析句意为：约翰和朋友们一起开了一家新公司，现在对他来说钱不是问题。此处是“介词关系代词”构成的非限制性定语从句，表示“对于来说”，用介词for，先行词John在从句中作for的宾语，指人，故用关系代词whom，因此D项正确。14Jenny，have you ever seen a moving scene _ many people rushed a stranger getting a heart attack to hospital？(2017河西区一模，15)Awhere BwhenCwh

43、ich Dwhy答案A解析句意为：珍妮，你有没有见过很多人把一个心脏病突发的陌生人火速送到医院的感人场面？先行词为a moving scene，定语从句中缺地点状语，故选where。15Many universities share teaching resources online，creating a learning space _ benefits lifelong learners.(2017天津一中5月考，6)Ahow BwhatCwhich Dwhere 答案C解析分析句子可知这是一个定语从句，which 指代的是前边句子的意思及“共享教学资源，创造学习空间”这件事，所以用关系代

44、词 which 引导。故选C。16Like all parents in the world，we want you to grow up in a world _ is full of love and kindness.(2017天津一中4月考，6)Awhere BwhatCwhen Dthat答案D解析根据句意可知空格及其后面的部分为定语从句。定语从句的先行词为指物的 world “世界”，且定语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词 that/which 引导定语从句。A、C选项都是关系副词，在定语从句中不可作主语或宾语；B选项不能引导定语从句。故选D。17_is often the case

45、，we have worked out the production plan.(2016河北区三模，11)AIt BWhichCWhat DAs答案D解析as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的句子。as is often the case事实往往如此。18He worked in a car factory for four years，_he founded his own company in his hometown.(2016河东区一模，9)Aafter which Bafter whenCafter that Dafter it答案A解析句意为：他在一家汽车公司工作了四年，在那以后，

46、在家乡建立了自己的公司，after which引导非限制性定语从句，故选A项。19I shall never forget those days _ I lived in the army with the soldiers，_ has a great effect on my life.(2016南开区三模，15)Athat；which Bwhich；thatCwhen；that Dwhen；which答案D解析分析句子结构可知，第一空后的定语从句中缺少状语，先行词是those days，故选关系副词when；第二空是非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子。that不引导非限制性定语从句。20You may search on the Internet for professors and their courses about the university _ may interest you.(2016天津十二区县一模，12)Awhich Bwhere Cthat Dwho答案C解析professors and their courses about the university是先行词，既有人又有物，在定语从句中充当主语。故C项正确。