theAttributiveClause2

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1、the Attributive Clause定语从句 designer:李永良 完整版对定语从句的考查在湖南高考中主要出现在单项填空部分1、主要考查的知识点：（1）关系代词的选用（2）关系代词前加介词等的用法（3）定语从句的时态（4）非限制定语从句的用法知识重点：（1）关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词的用法区别。（2）掌握只能用掌握只能用that引导定语从句引导定语从句的情形（3）掌握介词加关系代词掌握介词加关系代词的用法。（4）掌握as和which引导的定语从句的用法 2.如何应对定语从句的考查 解题时，首先要确定先行词，根据先行词在从句中所作的句子成分来判断该用关系.代词还是副词，并且

2、确定具体用哪个关系词。如果从句中谓语动词为不及物动词，应考虑关系代词前该不该加介词。（2010湖南）Ive become good friends with several of the students in my shool _.I met in the English speech contest last year.A.who B.where C.when D.which 思路点拨：首先确定先行词，根据空格后的从句I met in the English speech contest last year.缺少met的宾语，该宾语应当为sb.1.The green team.2.The

3、team in green.3.The team who are wearing green.prepositional phrase adjective考点解读：定义1、定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句为、定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。后面。attributive clauseattributive clause定语从句定语从句:修饰主句中名词或代词的从句叫做定语修饰主句中名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。从句。antecedent 先行词先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词

4、。行词。relative pronoun&relative adverb:引导定语从句的代词或副词叫做引导定语从句的代词或副词叫做关系代关系代/副词副词。Mary is Mary is a studenta student who who is is 21 years old 21 years old The schoolThe school wherewhere he studied he studied is in Shenzhen.is in Shenzhen.先行词先行词先行词先行词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。3、关系词：引导定语

5、从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that as等；关系副词：where,when,why等。关系词有三个作用：引导定语从句引导定语从句；代替先行词；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。在定语从句中充当一个成分。定语从句三要素定语从句三要素先行词先行词引导词引导词从句从句关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词介词介词+关系代词关系代词指人指人指物指物修饰整个句子修饰整个句子who,whom,that,whose,aswhich,that,whose,aswhich,aswhen,where,whywhomwhich 1、关系代词

6、的使用：(1)she is the woman _ I wanted to see yesterday.*(2)All _ can be done has been done.*(3)This is the very dictionary _ I want to buy.*(4)The first place _ they visited in London was the Big Ben.(whom/that/who)thatthatthat 只用that的情况 1、先行词是代词all,few,little,much,nothing,anything,everything等。2、先行词被an

7、y,few,little,no,all,some,everything,each,just,the very,the only等词修饰。3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 4、先行词既有人又有物。5、主句是以who或which开头的特殊特殊疑问句。(5)The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.A.where B.which C.its D.whose(6)This is the boy _ sister came first in the test.A.who B.whom C.his D.whose(7)

8、The classroom _door is broken is on the second floor.A.where B.which C.its D.whose(8)This is the book _ I am looking for.A./B.which C.that D.itDDDABC one of+n与 the only of+n 结构*(9)Harry Potter is one of the best-sellers that _ popular with teenagers(be).*(10)Harry Potter is the only one of the best-

9、sellers that _the author a billionaire(make).关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。One of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词 the only one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词aremakes 2、关系副词的使用（1）I still remember the day _ I first came to the school.（2）The house _ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.（3）I dont know the reason _ he loo

10、ks unhappy today when=表时间的(in/at/on/during)+which Where=表地点的(in/at/on/under)+which Why=(for)+whichwhenwhereWhy 用适当的关系词填空(that,when,where)（1）I will remember the days _ we spent together.（2）June 7 is the day _we begin to take the college entrance examination.（3）This is the place _ we visited the day b

11、efore yesterday.（4）This is the place _ he worked for ten years.(5)This is the place_ the police found the lost car.thatwhenthatwherewhereIll never forget the day when I joined the league.句中句中when相当于相当于on whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。如：如：This is the room where Lu Xu

12、n once lived.句中句中when相当于相当于in whichDetailed explanationWhen 在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。如：如：如：如：Do you know the reason why she was late?It rained heavily,for which he was late for the class.3、如何选择关系词：1、根据从句的动词使用情况，如果从句中是及物动词且缺少宾语，则用关系代词(that/which)。如果从句中是不及物动词且缺少表时间或表地点的状语，

13、则用关系副词(where/when)。2、根据从句的句子结构来判断：如果从句中是及物动词且有宾语，意义完整，则用关系副词。We are living in an age_ many things are done on computer.when（1）I dont like the way _has bad effect on the children.（2)The way _the teacher explained to is quite effective.A.that B.which C./D.in which（3）The way _he answered the questions

14、was surprising.A.that B.in which C./D.which 以the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句，如果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语用that或which，如果缺少的是状语，通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略Which/thatABCABC 4、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词which,whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间，这时不用that；也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，这时也可用that代替which或whom，也可省略.This is the room _we lived last year

15、.A.in which B.on which C.which D.that This is the room _we lived in last year.A.that B.which C./D.in which This is the room_ we lived last year A.that B.which C./D.whereAA.B.C.D“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择（1）根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配习惯 This is the book_ which I often talk.This is the book_ which I often speak.（2）根据先行词的搭配习惯

16、I remember the day _ which I first met him.I remember the days _ which I lived here.（3）同时考虑动词和介词的搭配习惯及介词和名词的搭配习惯 He made a hole in the wall,_ which he could see what was happening inside the room.aboutofonduringthrough如：如：This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.This is the book for which I paid 8 y

17、uan.spend money on sth.为固定搭配为固定搭配pay money for sth.为固定搭配为固定搭配如：如：I remember the day on which I joined the League.I remember the days during which I lived here.I remember the month in which I stayed there.强调在具体某一天要用介词强调在具体某一天要用介词on强调在某几天时间内要用介词强调在某几天时间内要用介词during在在month前介词要用前介词要用in Is that the newspa

18、per for which you often write articles?Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure？summerize:1.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。判断正误：1.The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.2.The man with who/that you talked just n

19、ow is my neighbour.3.The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.TFF 2.介词可以后移，关系代词可以省略(1)The person to whom youll write is Mr Ball.=The person whom/who/不填 youll write to is Mr Ball.3.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如look for,look after,take care of 等.(1)This is the watch for which I am lo

20、oking.This is the watch which/that/不填 I am looking for.4.介词+关系代词”前还可以有some,any,none all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或数词。TF如：如：He loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他 都很好。都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which(=of which

21、 some)have gone bad.篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom(=of whom most)are from big cities.我们班总共有我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大个学生，大多数来自大 城市。城市。2.I have many friend，_ some are businessmen.A.of them B.from which C.who of D.of whom解析：解析：of whom引导定语从句，表示引导定语从句，表

22、示“其中的其中的”。先行词。先行词friends是表示人是表示人的名词，要用的名词，要用whom。高考链接高考链接(1)*The house I grew up_has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A.in it B.in C.in that D.in which(2).*In our university there are several big parks _we students can go to enjoy the beautiful scenery.A.to which B.at which C.from

23、which D.in which(3)*He once worked in a company,_ he went abroad for further study.A.from which B.after that C.after which D.from thisBAC 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。关系代词thayt 和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。His brother,who is now a lawyer,always encourages him to go to c

24、ollege.他的哥哥，现在是律师，总是鼓励他上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）Toms father,who is over sixty,still works hard day and night.指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用which的情况：1、引导非限制性定语从句时 2、介词后 3、有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用which。(1)The tree,which is four hundred years old,is very famous here.(2)We depend on the land from which we get our food.as引导

25、的定语从句 1、as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，指人或物，先行词前面有such，the same,as,so修饰，并在从句中作宾语、表语或状语。如:1.I like the same subject as you do.(as作宾语)2.He is not such a fool as he looks.(as作表语)3.I shall do it in the same way as you did.(as作状语)2、as用作关系代词和关系副词引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，用以指代整个句子，可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后或句中。如：As we all k

26、now,he is good at English.=He is good at English,as we all know.(as作宾语)3.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 一、都能引导非限制性定语从句，当指代整个句子时，其共同点是：非限制性定语从句在主句之后，既可用as也可用which引导；但从句在句首时，则只能用as引导。如：He did lend me the money,as/which I still remember.=As I still remember,he did lend me the money.3、As 作为关系代词还可用于作为关系代词还可用于the

27、sameas和和suchas等结构中。等结构中。如：如：Ive never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过他讲的故事。我从未听过他讲的故事。This is the same dictionary as I lost.这本字典跟我丢失的一样。这本字典跟我丢失的一样。4、在以下结构中，一般用as:as(it)appears （正如所出现的一样）as(it)seems likely（正如看起来那样可能）as I remember(it)（正如我所记得的那样）as is well-known （众所周知）as is known to all （众所周知）as

28、anybody can see（正如任何人都能看到的 as is said earlier （正如早前说的那样）as(it)often happens （正如经常发生的那样）as(it）was pointed out/said 正如指出/所说/reported/announced 的/报道的那样）例题讲解：例题讲解：_ I explained on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting.A.When B.After C.As D.Since解析：解析：as引导定语从句，表示引导定语从句，表示“正如正如”。wh

29、en引导时间状语从句，意为引导时间状语从句，意为“当当的时候的时候”。after引导时间状引导时间状语从句，意为语从句，意为“在在之后之后”。since引导原因状语从句，意为引导原因状语从句，意为“因为因为”。summerize：as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。一般用于像句，对其进行说明。一般用于像as we all know,as is known to all,as is said above,as is reported in the newspaper,as is mentioned above,as is usual,as is

30、often the case等句式中。等句式中。As在非限制性在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可在句首或句出的从句位置比较灵活，可在句首或句末，也可插入主句中间，通常均用逗号末，也可插入主句中间，通常均用逗号将其与主句隔开。将其与主句隔开。1.The man _ stands there is Tom.2.The girl _ I met is Ms Li.3.The boy _ watch was lost is Tom.4.The book _ lies on the desk is his.5.The pen _ you

31、 bought is good.6.The magazine _ cover is red is nice.who/that(whom/that)whosewhich/that(which/that)whose1.This is the best film _ Ive seen.2.That is the last lesson _ I gave you.3.This is the very book _ Im after.4.That is just the coat _ color is red.5.That is the right place _ he works.6.I still

32、remember the schools and boys _ I met there.(that)(that)(that)whosewhere(that)7.Everything _ you said is true.8.Which is the book _ you want?9.Who is the girl _ sits there.10.All _ he said is true.11.All _ is said by him is true.12.Are there any problems _ trouble you?13.I will make full use of the

33、time _ there is left for me.(that)(that)that(that)that that(that)7.Everything _ you said is true.8.Which is the book _ you want?9.Who is the girl _ sits there.10.All _ he said is true.11.All _ is said by him is true.12.Are there any problems _ trouble you?13.I will make full use of the time _ there

34、is left for me.(that)(that)that(that)that that(that)14.Such boys _ you mentioned are well.15.The boys _ _ you mentioned are well.16.It is so difficult a problem _ no one can work out.17.It is so difficult a problem_ no one can work it out.18.She wore the same hat _ you wore yesterday.thatsuch asasas

35、as19.You have made the same mistake _ you made last time.20.I had the same experience _ you have now.21.She went to the same place _ she saw the key.22.Those _ are present are well.23.Is this factory _ _ he visited?thatthatwherewhothe one1.There are 54 students in our class,_ 18 are girls.A.more tha

36、n B.less than C.in those D.of whom 2.Well remember those days _ we spent together.A.when B.in which C.in that D.which Exercises 3.The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A.the nurse is talking to him B.whom the nurse is talking C.the nurse is talking to D.who the nurse is talking4.Next month,_

37、 youll spend in your hometown,is coming.A.which B.that C.when D.where 5.He had a bad cold,_he didnt attend the meeting.A.because B.because of which C.to which D.because of that 6.There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A.in it B.in which C.where D.in that 7.Do you want to buy the same radio

38、 _ was shown on TV?A.what B.which C.as D.that 8.She was wearing the same dress _ she had on the day before.A.that B.which C.where D.what 9.A new building will be built,_ is reported in todays newspaper.A.it B.as C.which D.that 10.All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A./B.that C.what D.which 定语从句与同位语从句

39、的区别：1、定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.that has just taken off（此句为定语从句）The fact that he has already died is quite clear that he has already died（此句为同位语从句）2、定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中一般不担当成分

40、；有时也由where,when,how,who,whether,what等连词引导,这些连词在从句中担当成分。The news that he told me is true.that he told me（定语从句）The news that he has just died is true that he has just died（同位语从句）定语从句与强调句的区别 强调句的结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其它成分 1、如被强调部分是人,可用who,whom代替that，其它情况一律用that.2、如被强调部分是句中的时间状语、地点状语、原因状语时，不能用w

41、hen,where,because要用that.3、高考中常将定语从句的考点与强调句型合考，从而增加试题的迷惑性。1.It is in Beihai Park _ they made a date for the first time _ the old couple told us their love story ()A.where ;where B.where ;that C.that ;where D.that ;that 2.It was in the park_ I used to go to _ I happened to meet my first teacher.()A.th

42、at ;that B.which;where C.that;where D.where;that 3.It was in the park_ I used to go _ I happened to meet my first teacher.()BDA Where使用的特殊情形 当先行词是表示抽象的领域，范围概念的抽象名词：point,case,situation,activity,position,job 1.I dont want a job where Im chained to a desk all day.2.You reach a point where medicine can

43、t help.3.There are case where the word“mighty”is used as an adverb.4.He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.5.Its put me in a position where I cant afford to take the job.定语从句常见错误分析 一、先行词分不清 1.The book is still _ you left it.A.where B.there C.there where D.which 2

44、.I went upstairs _ I heard someone crying.A.where B.when C.that D.which第1题容易误选C，第2容易误选A，即将there,upstairs等副词误看作先行词。定语从句是对名词或代词的修饰，而there,upstairs是副词，其后不能接定语从词。正确答案为：第一题选A，where引导表语从句；而第2题选B，when引导时间状语从句 二、句法功能分不清 3.I still remember the first few day _ I spent in the country.A.which B.that C.when D.wh

45、ere 4.Is this the room _ you lived in three years ago?A.where B.which C.when D.there 5.Is this the room _ you lived in the past?A.where B.Which C.when D.There第3题易选C，第4题易A，第5题易选B。有的同学一见到时间名词就想到when，一见到地点名词就想到where。导致这类错误主要是没有弄清楚关系词在定语从句中所充当的句法功能。正确答案为3、B 4、B 5、A 三、结构分不清 6.Is this school _your father

46、worked in ten years ago?7.Is this the school _your father worked in ten years ago?A.where B.what C.which D.the one 8.A group of people,most of _ being women,have finished the work.9.A group of people,most of _ are women,have finished the work.A.Which B.them C.Whom D.thatDCBC 第6、8题都易误选C，误认为空格后面部分为修饰前

47、面名词和的定语从句。导致此错误主要是没有从根本上掌握句子结构：在第6题中，如果school为先行词，那么this就是句子的主语，则school前应有冠词the（就象第7题主语是the school）；至于第8题，如果这是定语从句，从句就必须有谓语动词is 或are（being woman是非谓语动词结构，并不是句子的谓语部分）（就象第9题有谓语动词are）。正确答案为6.D 7.C 8.B 9.C 四、限制分不清 10.He is one of the students who _visited the Great Wall in our class.A.has B.have C.had D.

48、Having 11.He is the one of the students who_ visited the Great Wall in our class.A.has B.have C.had D.Having 第10题中“one+名词”前没有定冠词修饰，其中的名词为先行词，后面的定语从句对它进行修饰，从句的谓语动词用复数形式；第11题中“one of+名词”前有定冠词修饰，句子中心前移，后面的定语从句对the one 进修饰，从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。BA 五、句型分不清 A、宾语从句与定语从句分不清 12、You must give the money back to _it

49、 belongs to.A.who B.the person C.that D.whom 13、I will tell give you all _ I have seen in Beijing.A.that B.when C.which D.who 学生很容易误认它们是宾语从句而作出错误选择，应从句意上和句子结构上来判断，它们应是定语从句。BA 强调句型与定语从句分不清 14.It was on Oct.Ist.1949_ the People s Republic of China was founded.A.when B.that C.which D.then 15.It was Oct.Ist.1949_ the People s Republic of China was founded.A.when B.that C.which D.then 判断是强调句型还是定语从句非常容易：只要把Its was(is)that(who)这样结构词去掉，如果所剩下的部分仍然是下完整的句子，那么，它就是一个强调句。如果所剩下的部分不是一个完整的句子，那么它就不是强调句而是定语从句。BA