新目标英语九年级全册知识点归纳

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1、新目标英语九年级全册知识点归纳Unit 1一、知识点1. by + doing 通过方式 如：by studying with a groupby 还可以表示：“在旁”、“靠近”、“在期间”、“用”、“经过”、“乘车”等 如：I live by the river.I have to go back by ten oclock.The thief entered the room by the window.The student went to park by bus.2tooto 太而不能常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.如：Im too tired to s

2、ay anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。3be / get excited about sth.= be / get excited about doing sth. = be excited to do sth. 对感兴奋如：I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。4. end up doing sth终止做某事，结束做某事如：he party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 end up with sth.以结束如：The par

3、ty ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。5one of +(the+ 形容词比较级 )+名词复数形式其中之一如：She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。 6. Its +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事如：Its difficult (for me ) to study English. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。 句中的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to study English17unless 假如不，除非 引导条件状语从句如：You

4、will fail unless you work hard.假如你不努力你会失败。I wont write unless he writes除非first.他先写要不我不写 8 see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生see sb. / sth. do看见某人在做某事 如：如：She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。 9. aloud, loud 与 loudly 的用法 : 三个词都与 大声或响亮有关。aloud 是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上

5、。通常放在动词之后。aloud 没有比较级形式。 如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。loud 可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与 speak, talk, laugh 等动词连用,多 用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。loudly 是副词,与 loud 同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in publi

6、c. 他不当众大声谈笑。10. get + 宾语+宾补（形容词 过去分词 动词不定式） 使某种情况发生例：Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干净Get Mr. Green to come. 让格林先生进来I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行车You cant get him waiting. 你不能让他老等着.11. 动词不定式做定语与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first to come.2与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系I h

7、ave nothing to say. I need a pen to write with.I need some paper to write on.I dont have a room to live in.12. join 加入某团体 并成为其中一员attend 出席参加会议或讲座join in 与 take part in 指参加到某项活动中去。13 .instead: adv. 代替，更换。例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead？我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗？It will take days by car, so lets f

8、ly instead.开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机吧。Tom was ill, so I went instead.汤姆病了，所以换了我去。 instead of doing sth. 作为某人或某事物的替换例：Lets play cards instead of watching TV.We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes.Give me the red one instead of the green one.14. 提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going sh

9、opping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping?Why not + do sth. ? Lets + do sth.Shall we/ I + do sth.?如：Why not go shopping? 如： Let s go shopping如：Shall we/ I go shopping?15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做 如：She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。31

10、6. too many 许多修饰可数名词 如：too many girlstoo much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milkmuch too 太修饰形容词如：much too beautiful二短语：1.by making flashcards 通过做单词抽认卡2. askfor help 向某人求助3.read aloud 朗读4.that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式5.improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧 6.for example (=for instance) 例 如7.have fun 玩得高兴9.get

11、 excited 高兴，激动8.have conversations with friends 与朋友对话10.end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话11.do a survey about 做有关的调查 12.keep an English notebook 记英语笔 记13.spoken English (= oral English) 英语口语15.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确 说英语14.make mistakes 犯错误16.practise speaking English 练习17.first of all 首

12、先19.later on 随后21.laught at 嘲笑23.enjoy doing 喜欢干18.begin with 以开始20.in class 在课堂上22.take notes 记笔记24.write down 写下，记下25.look up (v + adv) 查找，查询27.make up 编造，虚构，化妆，打扮26.native speakers 说本族话的人 28.around the world 全世界29.deal with 对待，处理，解决31.be angry with 生某人的气30.worry about (be worried about) 担心，担忧32.s

13、tay angry 生气433.go by 消逝plain about/of 抱怨37.with the help of 在的帮助下34. regardas 把当做36. changeinto 把变成 （= turn into）38. compareto (with) 把和作比较39.think of (think about) 想起，想到 41.break off 中断，突然终止42. notat all 根本不，全然不40.physical problems 身体上的问题Unit 21used to do sth. 过去常常做某事否定形式：didnt use to do sth. / us

14、ed not to do sth.如：He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。 Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didnt.He didnt use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。2. 反意疑问句 （中考不考，可作了解）肯定陈述句否定提问如：Lily is a student, isnt she?Lily will go to China, wont she?否定陈述句肯定提问 如：She doesnt come from China, does she?You ha

15、vent finished homework, haveyou?提问部分用代词而不用名词 Lily is a student, isnt she?陈述句中含有否定意义的词如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly 等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。如：He knows little English, does he?他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？They hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白，不是吗？53interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有

16、趣味，主语往往是物be interested in sth. 对感兴趣be interested in doing sth. 对做感兴趣如：He is interested in math, but he isnt interested in speaking English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。4害怕 be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog.be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking。5spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”spendon st

17、h. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）spenddoing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事如：He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。pay for 花费 如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了 10 元买这本书。take动词有“花费”的意思常用的结构有：take sb. to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to readthe book.take to do sth.6how to s

18、wim 怎样游泳不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和 what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如：The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。I dont know where to go. 我不知道去哪。7. make sb./ sth. + 形容词make sb./ sth. + 动词原形make you happymake him laugh68as + 形容词./副词as sb. could/can 尽某人的 能力如： Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽

19、她最快的能力去跑。9take pride in sth. 以而自豪如：His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪 10. pay attention to sth. 对注意，留心如：You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。 11. be able to do sth. 能做某事如：She is able to do it. 她能够做到。12. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事如：My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。1

20、3.不再 no more = no longer 如：I play tennis no more/ longer.我不再打网 球。not any more = not any longer如：I dont play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。1allow 句型 allow sb to do sthUnit 3允许某人做某事如： We do not allow people to smoke in the hall.allow doingbe allowed to do允许做某事被允许做某事should be allowed to do 应该被允许做某事2ge

21、t their ears pierced 穿耳洞让/使（别人）做某事get sth. done(过去分词) have sth. done7如：I get my car made. = I have my car made. 我让别人修好我的车 3enough 足够形容词 enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮enough名词enough to如：enough food 足够食物 足够去做如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。4

22、. stop doing sth. 停止做某事Please stop speaking.请停止说话。stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事Please stop to speak.请停下来说话。5. 看起来好像 sb. seem to do sth. = it seems that +从句如：He seems to feel very sad.It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。6系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有：look,feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste,

23、 stay(保持), kept 等。连系动词除 be 和 become 等少数词可接 名词作表语外，一般都是接形容词。如：They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired.7. 倒装句:由 so助动词 (be/do/will/have)/情态动词主语意为：也是一样She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是She has finished the work. So

24、 have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。 She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。8曾经做某事：8Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I dont.Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I havent. 9be strict with sb. 对某人严厉如：Mother is strict with her son. 妈妈对她的儿子很严厉。10keep sb/ sth. 形容词使某人/某物保持如：We shoul

25、d keep our city clean.我们应该保持我们的城市干净。 11. bothand +动词复数形式如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.12. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习 (什么)如：Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英 语13. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事如：I have an opportunity to go to

26、 Beijing.I have a chance of going to Beijing.14花费 take ,cost, spend , paysth. take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book.sth. cost (sb.) The book cost (me) 100yuan.sb. spend on sth. She spent 10days on this book.sb. spend doing sth. sb. pay for sth.She spent 10days reading this

27、book.She paid 10yuan for this book.15. have +时间段+off放假，休息 如：have 2 days off16. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.17. agree with sth. 同意某事如：I agree with that idea. 9agree to sb. 同意某人的意见18. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍如：I agree to LiLei.如： Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。

28、19think about 与 think of 的区别当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用 I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。think about 还有“考虑”之意，think of想到、想出时两者不能互用At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。20. 对 热衷， 对兴趣be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳

29、舞热衷。 be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。21. practice doing 练习做某事She often practice speaking English.22. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son.23. also 也用于句中 I am also a student. 我也是一个学生either 也 用于否定句且用于句末 I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。too也用于肯定句且用于句末I am a

30、student too. 我也是一个学生。Unit 41pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now.pretend +从句 假装I pretended that I fell asleep.2. be late for 迟到 如：I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.3what if + 从句如果怎么办 ， 要是 又怎么样10如：What if she doesnt come? 要是她不来怎么办？What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？4. add sth.to

31、 sth.添加到 如：I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水 里。5 ask sb. to do 叫做某事ask sb. not to do sth.叫不要做某事tell sb. to do 告诉做某事tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉 不要做某事如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.6. start doing=start to do.开始做某事如：He started speaking/ to speak.

32、 他开始说话。7. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物如：I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。8. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人如：I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。9. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事如：Lily invited me to go to her home for supper.莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。10get along with sb. 与相处如：Do you get along well with your fr

33、iends? 你和你的朋友相处得好吗？ 11. would rather do sth. than do sth. 表示愿做某事而不愿做某事如：I would rather walk than run.12 let sb. down 让某人失望 如：Dont let your mother down.不要让你的妈妈11失望。13. come up with sth.提出 如 He：came up with a good idea.他提出了一个好主 意。catch up with sb.安娜。追上 赶上 如：Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了14. have expe

34、rience doing 在做某事有经验如：I have experience teaching Chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。15宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。由连接词 + 主语+ 谓语构成常由下面的一些词引导：由 that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。由 if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等 ) I dont know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。由 连接代词、连接副词 (疑问词) 引导 表

35、示特殊疑问意义Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？从句时态要与主句一致当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。I dont know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wants to know if I have finished my homework.她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用

36、过去某时态 (一般过去时 ,过去进行时，12过去将来时，过去完成时 )He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。I didnt know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if I had finished m homework.她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？Unit 5Unit 81.prefer v.更喜爱，更喜欢，相当于 likebetter，其过去式、过去分词为 prefer

37、red，常用于以下结构：(1)prefer+名词、代词 I preferred music. Which do you prefer? (2)prefer+动词不定式“宁愿干”She prefers to live among the working people.(3) prefer+v-ing I prefer living abroad.(4)prefer+动词不定式复合结构:常见的搭配有: preferto喜欢而不喜欢（to 为介词）She prefers apples to bananas. prefer doing to doing（to 为介词）He prefers runnin

38、g to walking. prefer to do rather than do sth.宁愿干而不愿干They prefer to play games rather than watch TV.2. not only but (also) 不但 而且 用来连接两个并列的成分 (1) 引导以 not only but (also) 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。13如：Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最 好。 Not onlybut (also) 接

39、两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如：Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅 莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。常见的就近原则的结构有：Neither nor即不也不 (两者都不)Either or 不是就是 (两者中的一个)Not only but (also)There beUnit 91.被动语态：它是由“was/were+动语“过去分词”构成的。”2.be used for:意思是“被用来做什么”，强调用途或作用.3.be used as ：意思是“被作为什么来用”，强调被当作工具或手段来用.4.be used by:意思是“被

40、谁使用”，强调使用者.5.“名词+现在分词/过去分词”构成一个合成形容词，在句中作定语和表语。6. 插入语：当一个词、短语或从句用在句里，而与句子的其他成分没有语法上的关系时，它就是句子的独立成分。插入语就是这种独立成分之一。插入语一般对一句话做一些附加的解释，放在句末时，通常在前面加逗号，放在句中时， 有时在前后加逗号，有时不加任何标点符号。7.according to+名词 意思是按照、依照所说，随着的不同而不同 8.according as +从句，意思是根据而，按照而9.prefer to do sth.“更喜欢去做某事”Prefer 意思是更喜欢，常可与 like better ,i

41、nstead of 进行替换，它所组成的14常见句式有：Prefer A to B“比起 B 来更喜欢 A”,prefer doing A to doing B“比起干 B 这件事来，更喜欢干 A 这件事”， perfer to do A rather than do B“ 宁愿做 A 而不原做 B.”Unit101.“take+a+名词”结构来表示一次性动作。2. happen to sb.某人发生某事, 指偶然地或碰巧发生,强调意外.3. take place 意思也是发生,指经过安排或计划要发生的事情,强调必然性.4. by the time 意思是“到时为止，到时”，注重时间的截止。a

42、t the time 表示“在时”，注重时间的开始。5. give one a ride=hitch a ride with sb.意思是“让某人搭便车”6. forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，指“要做的事情忘记做”.7. forget doing sth.意思是“忘记做了某事”，指“做了某事而把它忘记了”.8. as.as.“像一样”，常用来表示比较、倍数或程度，在这个结构中，前一个 as 是副词，后一个 as 是连词，它的否定形式是 not so.as.或 not as.as. 9. have to 是“不得不”的意思，指由于受条件限制或他人制约做某事，有被动的 含义

43、，无主观愿望；must 是“必须，一定”的意思，有主观愿望和感情色彩. 10.try sb.for a job 试用某人；try ones best to do sth. 竭尽所能做某事；try sb. for sth.因某事而审问某人.Unit111.get some information about the town 是“询问有关城镇的信息”的意思.2.decide to do sth.意思是“决定去做某事”.3.talk to sb 意思是“找某人谈话”4.“It is +形容词+动词不定式短语”是英语中的一个常用句式，句中的真正主语 是动词不定式，it 是形式主语。155.in fr

44、ont of 意思是“在的前面”，指在某个范围之外.6.in the front of 意思是“在的前部”，指在某个范围之内.7.have trouble doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”.8.in trouble/get into trouble/get sb.into trouble 表示“遇到困难，遇到麻烦”.【重点语法】1.被动语态.被动语态的构成形式 be+Vt.p.p.(一).语态是英语动词的一种形式，是用于表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语语 态分为主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)两种。主动语态是表示主语是动作的执行者。如：1)Ye

45、sterday I parked my car outside the school.被动语态是表示主语是动作的承受者。2)A sound of piano is heard in the hall. (二)被动语态的基本时态变化在被动语态的句子中，谓语部分的结构是 be+Vtp.p.(及物动词过去分词)。其中be 是变量，随时态的变化而变化；动词的过去分词是常量，永远不发生变化。当然，这只是指谓语部分而言。be 动词作为一个独立的谓语动词有自己现在分词(being)和过去分词(been)。那么，下面我们来看看 be 在各种时态中的变化形式：被动语态通常为八种时态的被动形式。以 do 为例，各

46、种时态的被动语态形 式为：1)am/is/are+done( 过去分词)一般现在时3)am/is/are being done 现在进行时5)had been done 过去完成时7)shall/will be done 一般将来时162)has/have been done 现在完成时4)was/were done 一般过去时6)was/were being done 过去进行时8)should/would be done 过去将来时.一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态。 只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：英语里被动语态的使用似乎比汉语要广泛。英语的被动语态常

47、用在下列的场合： 1) 当 我 们 不 知 道 动 作 的 执 行 者 的 时 候 ， 如 ： 1.Look!Theres nothing here.Everything has been taken away.2.My car has been moved!2)当我们不必提出动作的执行者的时候，如：I was born in 1960.3)当我们强调或侧重动作的承受者的时候，如：She is liked by everybody.特殊的被动结构1)带情态动词的被动结构：它的固定句式为 “情态动词 +be+过去分词”。也有个别带 to 的情态动词例外，如：ought to 和 have to，

48、它们的被动结构就只能在不定式中。例如：The debt must be paid off before next month 那笔债务必须在下个 月前付清。2)带有两个宾语的主动语态变成被动语态将这种主动态的句子完成被动态的句子，可选两个宾语中的任何一个作为被动 态句子的主语，而将另一个宾语作为 “保留宾语”写入被动态的句中。但有一点 要说明，那就是，如果你选直接宾语作“主语”，有时要在被动态句子的“保留宾语 ” 前加上合格的介词。因为这些动词常有两种句式，即：我们可以说givesb.sth.,send sb.sth.,buy sb.sth；我们也可以说 give sth to sb,send

49、 sth to sb buy sth for sb。请看下面两种情况的对照：She sent me a novel on my birthday.I was sent a novel on my birthday.A novel was sent to me on my birthday.3)关于带有复合宾语的主动态变成被动态17如果将带有复合宾语(既：宾语+宾语补足语)的主动语态的句子变成被动语态的句子，我们只能选择原来句子的宾语作被动语态句子的主语；而这时，原句里 的宾语补足语现在就变成被动语态句子的“主语补足语”了。The story made us laugh.(宾语补足语)We we

50、re made to laugh by the story.(主语补足语)4)在使役动词 have，make，get 以及感官动词 see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为 被动结构时，要加 to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.A stranger was seen to walk into the building.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其

51、中的介词或副词也不能 省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.6)非谓语动词的被动语态。v+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 (一般时态 和完成时态)。例,I dont like being laughed at in the public.There are two more trees to be planted.2. 动词不定式(1)做定语后置The best way to learn English is reading aloud.The fastest way to travel is by plane(2)与所修饰

52、的名词构成动宾关系I need a pen to write with.I dont have a partner to practice English with.I need some paper to write on.18I dont have a room to live in.3. 动名词(1)作主语（谓语为第三人称单数）Memorizing the words of pop songs also helps a little.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。 Swimming is good for our health.(2)作宾语在动词(keeppracticefinish enjo

53、yhatebe busymind) 后只用ing 作宾语 Eg. We should keep speaking English in class.He often practices singing in the morning. I have finished reading the book.Would you mind opening the door?(3) 作定语 I think that doing a lot of listening practice is one of the secrets4. used to 过去常常做某事 ,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态 . 后跟动词

54、原 形.否定形式为 : didnt use to 或 use not to / usednt to 疑问形式为: Diduse to? 或 Usedto?Eg. I used to be really quiet. I didnt use to like tests.Did you use to play the piano? Yes, I did./ No, I didnt.=Use you to play the piano? Yes, I use. / No, I use not.You used to be short, didnt you? Yes, I did./ No, I di

55、dnt.2. wear 表示状态. put on 表示动作. dress + 人 给某人穿衣服.3. on the swim team on 是的成员,在供职.4. Dont you remember me? 否定疑问句.Yes, I do. 不, 我记得. No, I dont 是的, 我不记得了.195. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.6. miss: 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days. 错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到.例: Im sorry that you miss the bus.7. no mo

56、re (用在句中)=notany more (用在句尾) 指次数;no longer (用在句中)=notany longer (用在句尾) 指时间.8. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.9. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常与 can, be able to 连用.例: Can you afford a new car?His mother couldnt afford to pay for her childs education.

57、10. alone = by oneself 独自一人. lonely 孤独的, 寂寞的.11. in the last/past + 一段时间during the last/past + 一段时间 与现在完成时连用.12. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)5. 情态动词表示推测：（1）must 常用于肯定句中，意为 “准是、一定”，它表达的肯定程度最大，可 以达到 100%。（2）could、might、may 的意思是“可能、也许”，表示推测，它们所表达的肯定程度较低，这三个词相比 may 的可能性稍大一些；他们的肯定程度在 20% 至

58、 80%。（3）cant 的意思之“不可能”，它相应的肯定形式是 must；它的可能性为 0% 。 （4）must、could、might 和 cant 的后面可用一般现在时、现在进行时，表示对现在的动作、状态或正在进行的动作的推测。例：He might/could be playing basketball now.他现在可能正在打篮球。20Im sure that she cant stay我确at信home.她不在家。He must be walking in the garden.他肯定在花园里散步。6. 现在完成时态 由 have/ has 过去分词 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果常与