备战2021届高考英语二轮专题复习爱尚阅读话题篇专题04降与饮食含解析

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1、专题04 健康与饮食【美文阅读1】My painful small decision “Soon, youre going to have to move out!” cried my neighbor upon seeing the largest tomato plant known to mankind, or at least known in my neighborhood.One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, coverin

2、g much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door.Roses require a good deal of care, and if it werent for the pleasure they give, it wouldnt be worth the work. As it is, I have a garden full of sweet-smelling roses for most of the year. bushes must be pruned in early spring, leaving u

3、gly woody branches until the new growth appears a few weeks later. It was the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato plant. A big mistake.Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes. The daily watering coupled with

4、 full sun and regular fertilizing have turned the little plant into a tall bush. The cage I placed around it as the plant grew has long since disappeared under the thick leaves.Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold; First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I

5、almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw(缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won. I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June, but they were weak and the leaves already yello

6、w for lack of light.Here I am faced with a painful small decision: To tear up a wonderful and productive tomato plant that offers up between ten and twenty ripe sweet tomatoes each day or say goodbye to several expensive and treasured roses. Like Scarlett in Gone With the Wind, Ill think about that

7、tomorrow.我的痛苦的小决定“很快，你就得搬出去了！“我的邻居看到人类已知的最大的西红柿植物，或者至少在我的邻居那里知道的最大的西红柿时叫道。春天花了1.25美元买了一棵9英寸的小植物，它已经占据了我的大部分玫瑰花床，覆盖了其他许多植物，而且正在通往前门的路上。玫瑰需要很好的呵护，如果不是因为它们给人带来的快乐，它就不值得付出代价。事实上，我有一个花园，一年中大部分时间都是芳香的玫瑰。灌木必须在早春修剪，留下难看的木本树枝，直到几周后新的生长出现。正是花园里的空地让我只种了一株小番茄。一个大错误。适合玫瑰生长的土壤条件对西红柿来说更加完美。每天浇水加上充足的阳光和定期施肥，使这棵小植物长

8、成了一棵高大的灌木。当植物生长的时候，我放在它周围的笼子早已在厚厚的叶子下消失了。现在，我收获果实的任务有两个：首先，我必须在树叶中找到红色的，这意味着我几乎要站在我的头上，一旦发现我必须伸手到下，摘下西红柿，收回我的全部拳头，而不落下如此珍贵的奖品。我在六月采摘西红柿时发现两朵盛开的白玫瑰完全藏起来了，但是它们很弱，叶子已经因为缺少光线而变黄了。在这里，我面临着一个痛苦的小决定：撕掉一株每天提供10到20个成熟甜番茄的美妙而多产的番茄，或者告别几朵昂贵而珍贵的玫瑰。就像乱世佳人里的斯佳丽一样，我明天再考虑这个问题。注解：1.prune pru:n vt.修剪，修整；删除，削减2.fertil

9、ize f:tilaiz vt.使肥沃；使多产3.withdraw widr: vt.收回，撤消，撤退 vi.缩回，退出，撤退4.productive prdktiv a.多产的，富饶的；富有成效的语法点拨：1.Roses require a good deal of care, and if it werent for the pleasure they give, it wouldnt be worth the work.【归纳】if it werent for 表示“要不是因为”, 其主句时态为would do. 如果是对过去的虚拟则用if it hadnt been for,其主句时态

10、通常为would have done. 两种用法均相当于but for.如： If it hadnt been for his help, we would have lost the game.要不是因为他的帮忙，我们就输掉了这场比赛。2. It was the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato plant.【归纳】此句中 it wasthat为强调句型，其强调对象为 the space available in the garden.又如： It was in the

11、 garden that he found his lost MP4.他是在花园里找到丢失的MP4的.【美文阅读2】导读：你见过蓝色和绿色的蜂蜜吗？这些奇怪颜色的蜂蜜是怎么来的呢？The colorful honeyBlue and green honey may look cool, but beekeepers in northeastern France are not happy about their strange-looking new product. Over the past few months, beekeepers in Ribeauvill, a town loca

12、ted in the Alsace region, have noticed that bees there have been making honey in many strange colors. Bees have been returning to apiaries with different colors coating their bodies. The colors then end up polluting the honey. A recent research showed that a nearby M&Ms factory is behind the change

13、in color. Waste from the factory has been exposing the bees to a number of chemicals. Some of the chemicals are used in the outer shells of the candies, which come in many bright colors. The local beekeepers do not know if the polluted honey is dangerous to eat, but they are not taking any chances.

14、They are throwing away the candy-colored honey, which means a big loss to local businesses. “For me, its not honey,” Alain Frieh, leader of the towns beekeepers union, tells the Reuters news agency. “Its not sellable.” The honey industry in this part of France has been suffering this year. According

15、 to Frieh, many bees died last winter or were unable to make honey because of the bad weather. This new problem of colored honey is hurting the beekeepers way of life even more. The region is home to about 2,400 beekeepers and 35,000 colonies of bees, according to Alsaces chamber of agriculture. The

16、 beekeepers harvest approximately 1,000 tons of honey each year, making the product a big part of the regions economy. Agrivalor is the company that processes the M&Ms factorys waste. According to co-manager Philippe Meinrad, the company has been attempting to stop the pollution. “We discovered the

17、problem at the same time they did,” Meinrad tells Reuters. “We quickly put in place a procedure to stop it.” 彩色的蜂蜜蓝色和绿色的蜂蜜可能看起来很酷，但法国东北部的养蜂人却不喜欢这种看起来怪异的产品。在过去的几个月中，位于阿尔萨斯地区的维列小镇上的养蜂人注意到那里的蜜蜂酿出了许多奇怪颜色的蜂蜜。蜜蜂身上带着不同的颜色返回养蜂场。那些颜色最终染到了蜂蜜中。一项最新研究发现附近的一家M&Ms工厂是造成蜂蜜改变颜色的根源。那家工厂排放出来的废物使蜜蜂受到那些化学物的影响。其中的一些化学物用于

18、糖果的外包装，那是许多鲜艳的颜色的根源。当地养蜂者不知道吃那些被染色的蜂蜜是否有危险，但他们没有冒险。他们把那些糖果色的蜂蜜扔掉了，这对他们造成了很大损失。Alain Frieh是当地养蜂协会的一位领导人，告诉路透新闻社说：“对于我来说，这不是蜂蜜，不能出售。”今年以来，法国这部分地区的蜂蜜行业一直遭受着被染色的侵扰。据Frieh说，由于恶劣的天气，去年冬天许多蜜蜂死亡或者不能酿蜜。而现在的染色蜂蜜问题更加严重影响了养蜂者的生产。根据阿尔萨斯农业委员会，该地区是大约2,400养蜂户的基地，那里有35,000个蜂群。每年养蜂户们收获近乎1,000吨蜂蜜，这使得蜂蜜成为该地区经济的重要产业。Agr

19、ivalor是处理M&Ms工厂废物的企业。根据合作经营者Philippe Meinrad，该公司一直在努力阻止污染。Meinrad告诉路透社，“在他们发现的同时，我们也发现了该问题。我们很快地采取了措施来防止污染。”重点单词:1. apiary epr n. 蜂房；养蜂场2. sellable selbl adj. 适于销售的3. chamber temb n.（身体或器官内的）室，膛；房间；会所4. procedure prsid n. 程序，手续；步骤重点短语 / 亮点句式：1. end up 结束；最终成为。如：How does the story end up? 这个故事是怎么结尾的?

20、Be careful, you could end up by getting hurt. 当心, 你可能最终会伤到自己的.2. throw away 扔掉；浪费。如：How much food do we throw away into the garbage each year? 每年我们当垃圾扔掉的食物有多少?Fires are often caused by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. 火灾经常是由人们不小心扔掉的烟蒂引起的。3. be home to 是的所在地；的发源地。如：The Chesapeake us

21、ed to be home to wild oysters, but 99 percent of them are gone.切萨皮克曾经是野生牡蛎的家园，但是现在99%的牡蛎都不会再生活在这里了。4. The beekeepers harvest approximately 1,000 tons of honey each year, making the product a big part of the regions economy. 每年养蜂户们收获近乎1,000吨蜂蜜，这使得蜂蜜成为该地区经济的重要产业。making the product a big part of the re

22、gions economy为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，且该部分为“make+宾语(the product)+宾语补足语(a big part of the regions economy)结构”。如：He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.他迅速切断了电源，防止了一起意外事故。His parents died, making him an orphan.父亲去世了，使他成为孤儿。5. attempt to 尝试；企图。如：I would be the last to attempt to answe

23、r the question. 我是最不可能去尝试回答这个问题。She will attempt to beat the world record. 她决心要打破世界纪录。6. at the same time 同时。如：By coincidence, we arrived here at the same time. Youve got to be firm, but at the same time you must be sympathetic. 你态度要强硬，但还必须有同情心。名句背诵：If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence

24、 as your good friend, experience as your reference, prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry. (Thomas Edison)如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以谨慎为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。（美国发明家爱迪生） 【话题解读】饮食与健康是高中英语新课标话题当中非常重要的两个话题，饮食与健康自古以来都是人们所关心的重大问题，尤其是随着社会进步和人们物质生活水平的提高，食物质量和安全问题以及身体健康更是受到了人们空前的关注，因此顺应时代潮流，高考英语对这两个话题更是有所体现。 由于饮

25、食与健康是热点话题，高考英语中对这两个话题会涉及较多的考查内容，常以阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达的形式出现，例如2017年新课标卷I语言知识运用的第二节（语法填空），2016年四川卷阅读理解D篇，2016年全国卷七选五，2015年广东卷基础写作，2015课标全国卷阅读理解B篇，2013新课标全国卷阅读理解C篇等。 话题单词第1组1.allergic adj. 过敏的2.appetite n. 食欲；胃口3.balance n. 平衡4.benefit n. 利益v. 受益5.bleed vi. 出血；流血6.cafeteria n. 自助餐厅7.candy n. 糖果8.cante

26、en n. 餐厅；食堂fortable adj. 舒服的；安逸的10.cure n& vt. 治疗；治愈11.delicious adj. 美味的；可口的12.desperate adj. 绝望的；拼命的13.diet n. 日常饮食vi. 节食14.disease n. 疾病第2组1.dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的2.energy n. 精力；活力3.harm n& v. 伤害；损伤harmful adj. 有害的；致伤的harmless adj. 无害的；不致伤的4.health n. 健康；卫生healthy adj. 健康的；健壮的unhealthy adj. 不健康的；不卫生的5.

27、injure vt. 伤害；损害6.necessary adj. 必需的；必要的7.nutrition n. 营养；滋养8.operate v. 做手术；运转；实施；经营；管理operation n. 手术；操作9.overweight adj. 太胖的；超重的10.painful adj. 痛苦的11.patient n. 病人12.physician n. 内科医生13.poison n. 毒药14.random adj. 随意的；未经事先考虑的15.range v. 变化；变动；排序第3组1.recipe n. 烹饪法；食谱2.recover vi. 痊愈；恢复3.reduce vt.

28、减少；缩减4.relief n. 轻松；解脱；缓和；救济5.reservation n. 预订6.serve vt. 招待(顾客等)；服务service n. 服务7.snack n. 小吃8.stomach n. 胃；胃部stomachache n. 胃疼9.strength n. 强项；长处；力量10.supply vt.& n. 供给；供应11.symptom n. 症状12.taste n. 品尝；味道vt. 品尝；尝味tasteless adj. 无滋味的tasty adj. 味道好的13.virus n. 病毒14.vitamin n. 维生素话题短语第1组1.acquire a

29、good habit 养成好习惯2.be good/bad for 对有益/有害3.be high/low in 含高/低4.be in good health 身体健康5.be on a diet 节食6.be rich/abundant in 富含7.be sick of . 对厌倦8.be worried about 对担心/焦虑第2组1.break down (身体)垮掉；(精神)崩溃；(机器或车辆)出毛病2.build up ones body 增强某人的体质3.cure sb. of . 治愈某人4.die from 由于而死5.get overweight 变得肥胖6.have

30、a pain in 某处疼痛7.keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食8.keep fit 保持健康9.lose weight 减肥第3组1.operate on sb. 给某人做手术2.perform an operation on sb. 给某人动手术3.physical examination 体检4.put on weight 增加体重5.recover from 从中恢复6.send for a doctor 派人去请医生7.suffer from 遭受；患上8.take exercise 进行运动；锻炼9.work out 解决；锻炼话题佳句1Some of us

31、 think that Senior 3 students should take exercise after school because theyre convinced that progress or success depends on good health, while the others hold quite different views.我们中一些人认为高三学生课余时间应该参加体育锻炼，因为他们坚信进步与成功依赖于健康的体魄；而另一些人持不同意见。2A balanced diet and regular exercise can help us keep healthy

32、 both physically and mentally.均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼能帮助我们保持身心健康。3Not only does exercise improve our health but also makes us cheerful and raises our learning efficiency.锻炼不仅能改善我们的健康状况，而且使我们精神愉悦并提高学习效率。4As far as Im concerned, we should develop a healthy eating habit to build up our strength. Only in this way

33、can we have enough energy to study.我认为，为了增强体质，我们应该养成健康的饮食习惯。只有这样我们才能有足够的精力学习。5According to a survey, more than half of Chinese students are shortsighted, ranking first in the world.根据一项调查，中国学生半数以上患有近视，位居世界第一。6The majority of people take in too much fat and not enough fiber, which does great harm to

34、their health.大多数人摄入太多的脂肪，纤维不够，这对他们的健康很有害。7The doctor advised that we should have a balanced diet and get into the good habit of getting up early.医生建议我们应该均衡饮食并养成早起的好习惯。8In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.事实上，我们必须承认，生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。9Nothing is mor

35、e precious than you keep fit.再也没有什么比你保持健康更珍贵的了。10We cant emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 I阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AScientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people s

36、hould eat every day, they are: (1)green and yellow vegetables of all kinds; (2)citrus(柑桔)fruits and tomatoes; (3)potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4)meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5)milk and foods made from milk; (6)bread or cereal(谷类), rice is also in this kind of food; (7)butter, or s

37、omething like butter.People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other cou

38、ntries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesnt matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked, canned(罐装的)or frozen(冷冻的). It doesnt matter if a person eats dinner at 4 oclock in the afternoon or at eleven oclock at night. The imp

39、ortant thing is what you eat every day.There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on the earth. The first is to find some ways to feed the worlds population so that no one is hungry. The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them

40、grow to be strong and healthy.1.According to the scientists, which of the following is the healthiest for your lunch?A.Chicken, apples, cereal and cabbages.B.Potatoes, carrots, rice and bread.C.Oranges, bananas, fish and tomatoes.D.Beef, pork, fish and milk,2.People in different countries and differ

41、ent places of the world_.A.have the right kinds of food to eatB.cook their food in the same wayC.have their meals at the same timeD.eat food in different ways3.Which of the following is not true?A.People in some places dont have enough to eat.B.There are too many people in the world.C.One of the pro

42、blems is that no one is hungry.D.The scientists are trying to make people grow to be strong and healthy.4.If there is Paragraph 4, what do you think is going to be talked about?A.What to do with the two problems.B.When people eat their lunch.C.How to cook food in different ways.D.Why people eat diff

43、erent kinds of food.BTechnically, many of the healthy foods we eat are processed, but not in the way you might think. For example, if you have a Mason jar full of organic dried beans, you have processed food in your fridge. Frozen vegetables are processed, even if you picked the vegetables from your

44、 garden, blanched (焯水) them and put them the fridge. The moment you blanched them, you processed them. When we say we shouldnt eat processed foods, what we really mean is ultra-processed foods.What are ultra-processed foods? If I made flatbread at home, I would make it with materials like flour, yea

45、st, milk, butter and salt. I keep whole-grain flatbread in my freezer because it deteriorates quickly. Healthy meals for sure. But I normally buy them from the grocery store, and while the brand I buy contains almost the same materials as a homemade version, it also includes the dextrose, type of su

46、gar, and some other additives (添加剂). Then it can be called an ultra-processed one.If we ate ultra-processed foods only occasionally, it wouldnt be as big of a problem. However, researchers indicated that almost 58% of the calories Americans consume are from ultra-processed foods. A study found peopl

47、e who increased their daily intake of ultra-processed food by 10% increased their risk of developing overall cancer by 12% and breast cancer by 11%.While the study didnt identify the exact reason why ultra-processed foods cause a higher risk of cancer, researchers did have several theories. One theo

48、ry is that the foods contain high levels of salt, sugar and fat. Those materials have been linked to overweight, which can also lead to a greater risk of cancer. A second theory is that some ultra-processed foods contain certain additives that lead to cancers. Also another theory is high temperature

49、s used to process the food can create newly formed pollutant. Finally, bpa (Bisphenol A) is commonly used in food packaging and can leak into the food.While further studies are needed to know the exact reasons why ultra-processed foods can have such an impact on health, its safe to say that the cons

50、equences of eating them outweigh the benefits.5.Which of the following is an ultra-processed food?A.Flatbread from stores.B.Frozen vegetables.C.Organic dried beansD.Homemade flatbread.6.What does the underlined word “deteriorates” in paragraph 2 mean?A.Runs out.B.Breaks out.C.Goes bad.D.Gets round.7

51、.What can we learn from paragraph 4?A.All the additives in the food can cause deadly diseases.B.Food package will not be a constant matter of concern for us.C.Reasons for cancers caused by ultra-processed foods are definite.D.Too much sugar, salt and fat contribute to overweight, and even cancers.8.

52、What is the authors attitude to the ultra-processed food?A.Supportive.B.Cautious.C.Disapproving.D.Unconcerned.C The latest diet trend in America is also an ancient human activity. The activity is fasting, or not eating food for a set amount of time.Social media apps and Facebook groups are appearing

53、 for people who do “intermittent fasting,” or fasting on a part-time basis. Like other diets, intermittent fasting helps you lose weight by setting limits on eating. But instead of limiting what you eat, it limits when you eat.Melissa Breaux Bankston is a Crossfit instructor in New Orleans, Louisian

54、a. She tried intermittent fasting as a way to reduce her snacking. “I wanted to limit the amount of time that I was eating,” she said.However, for now, limited research suggests it may not be any better for weight loss than reducing calorie intake over the long term.“Its really another way of foolin

55、g your body into eating less calories,” said Krista Varady, who studies intermittent fasting at the University of Illinois at Chicago.Courtney Peterson, of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, also studies intermittent fasting. She suggested the benefits of intermittent fasting are not as great

56、as some might suggest. “Unfortunately, intermittent fasting gets a little hyped,” she said.Some health experts say intermittent fasting might be too difficult for many people. They point to a study of 100 people where those placed in a fasting group lost about the same amount of weight as those on d

57、iets that restricted calories. The fasting group had a dropout rate of 38 percent, compared with 29 percent for the caloric-restriction diet group.But intermittent fasting may be easier for people who already skip meals when they are too busy, said Varady. People interested in intermittent fasting s

58、hould talk to their doctor before trying it. Health experts do not recommend intermittent fasting for children, people on some medications and people with a history of eating disorders.9.What do intermittent fasting and other diets have in common?A.They limit what you eat.B.They limit when you eat.C

59、.They help people lose weightD.They are on a part-time basis.10.What does the underlined word “hyped” in paragraph 6 mean?A.Ignored.B.Overstated.C.Welcomed.D.Rejected.11.Which statement is right according to the passage?A.Intermittent fasting is very effective.B.Intermittent fasting is difficult for

60、 all people.C.People can try intermittent fasting as they like.D.All people are not advised to do intermittent fasting.DLONDON (Reuters) Organic fruit, delivered right to the doorstep. That is what Gabriel Gold prefers, and he is willing to pay for it. If this is not possible, the 26-year-old comput

61、er technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket buying organic food.“Organic product is always better,” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides(杀虫剂), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally grown and seasonal, so it i

62、s tasty.” Gold is one of the growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are depending on more like him as they grow their organic food business. But how many shoppers really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for

63、organic product? Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete. For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic product. And about three quarters of organ

64、ic food in Britain is not local but imported to meet growing demand.” The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market,” said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business.12.More and more people in Britain are buying organic food because_.A.they are getting richer.B.they can get the food anywhere.C.they consider th