2021高一英语寒假作业同步练习题基本句型1含解析

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1、基本句型11More than half of the workers have been _ （在）strike already. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】on【详解】考查介词。句意：一半以上的工人已经罢工了。根据汉语提示“在（罢工）”，以及上文be可知此处应填介词构成介词短语作表语，on strike“在罢工”。故填on。2The Canadians plan to _ (投递) more food to southern Somalia. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】deliver【详解】考查动词。句意：加拿大人计划向索马里南部投递更多粮食。句中涉及固定短语“plan to

2、do sth.”，意为“计划做某事”，根据汉语提示“投递”可知，空格处应用deliver，意为“投递”，动词词性，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填deliver。3The showroom had been emptied and _ (打扫) up. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】swept【详解】考查时态语态。句意：陈列室已被清空并打扫干净。根据汉语提示和句意推出是短语sweep up，需要填入sweep，与“had been emptied”并列作谓语，用的是过去完成时的被动语态，需要填过去分词，故填swept。4A man in the water was shouting and

3、_ (挥手)his arms around frantically. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】waving【详解】考查动词/时态。句意：一个男人在水里大喊大叫，疯狂地挥舞着双臂。根据汉语提示“挥手”以及连词and前的shouting可知，此处应填入动词wave的现在分词形式waving，与前面的was搭配表示过去进行时，在本句里表示“喊叫”与“挥手”两个动作同时进行，故填waving。5A girl was killed yesterday in a _ (撞车). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】crash【详解】考查名词。句意：昨天有个女孩在车祸中丧生。此处缺少名词作介词in的宾语

4、，根据汉语提示是crash，固定短语in a crash表示“在一次撞车事故中”，故填crash。6The police said the clash was a sequel to yesterdays nationwide _ (罢工). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】strike【详解】考查名词。句意：警方说，这起冲突是昨天全国罢工的延续。分析句子及根据汉语提示“罢工”可知，空格处填可数名词strike；名词前有yesterdays nationwide修饰，根据句意可知，用单数形式。故填strike。7Clean the _ (金属) with a soft dry cloth. (

5、根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】metal【详解】考查名词。句意：用柔软的干布清洁金属。根据句意及汉语提示可知，设空处需填入名词。故填metal。8This speech needs to be set in the _ (背景) of Britain in the 1960s. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】context【详解】考查名词。句意：这个演讲需要以20世纪60年代的英国为背景。根据汉语提示可知，context背景，名词，符合题意，in the context of以为背景，固定短语。故填context。9The number of families seeking shelter

6、 rose by 17 _ (百分比). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】percent【详解】考查名词。句意：寻求庇护的家庭数量增加了17%。根据汉语提示“百分比”可知，空格处应用单词percent，为可数名词，在表示“百分之”时，通常用单数形式，在句中作宾语。故填percent。10The red _ (砖) building over there is a hospital. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】brick【详解】考查名词。句意：那边的红砖楼是一家医院。根据句意和汉语提示“砖”可知，空格处应填名词作定语，brick，意为“砖”，为可数名词，在句中作定语修饰building，表

7、示所修饰名词的材料，应用原形brick。故填brick。11The children _ (滑行) down the grassy slope. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】slid【详解】考查动词。句意：孩子们从草坡上滑了下来。根据提示“滑行”，译为：slide，又根据句意，滑行这个动作已经发生了，所以应该用一般过去时态。故填slid。12This building is on fire, you must _ (撤离) immediately. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】evacuate【详解】考查动词。句意：大楼着火了，你们必须马上撤离。根据汉语提示“撤离”，以及上文must可

8、知，此处应该用动词原形evacuate。故填evacuate。13The heavy rain has caused _ (洪水) in many parts of the country. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】floods【详解】考查名词。句意：这场大雨在这个国家的许多地方泛滥成灾。“洪水”译为：flood，当指“洪灾”时是可数名词，由空后的in many parts可知设空处应填入flood的复数形式。故填floods。14We realized too late that we were caught like rats in a _ (陷阱). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答

9、案】trap【详解】考查名词。句意：当我们意识到我们像老鼠一样被抓的时候已经太晚了。根据汉语提示“陷阱”，以及上文a可知，此处应填名词trap作宾语，故填trap。15Latest reports say that mudslides _ (掩埋) the entire village. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】buried【详解】考查动词。句意：最新的报道说泥石流掩埋了整个村庄。分析句子及汉语提示“掩埋”可知，空格处填动词bury，在宾语从句中作谓语；根据句意，从句是过去时。故填buried。16He gave an example of bravery and _ (智慧). (根

10、据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】wisdom【详解】考查名词。句意：他树立了勇敢和智慧的榜样。此处作介词of的宾语，和and前的bravery并列，用名词。wisdom是不可数名词，故填wisdom。17_ (裂缝) began to appear in the walls. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】Cracks【详解】考查名词的数。句意：墙上开始出现裂缝。根据汉语提示“裂缝”，可知应填名词crack，作主语，crack为可数名词，前文没有冠词，故应用复数形式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Cracks。18The electricity _ (供应) had been cut off. (根

11、据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】supply【详解】考查名词。句意：电力供应已被切断。此处缺少名词作主语，根据汉语提示推出是supply，表示“供应”时是不可数名词，故填supply。19She _ (轻敲) the table with her fingers. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】tapped【详解】考查时态。句意：她用手指轻敲桌子。此处缺少动词作谓语，根据汉语提示推出是tap，语境表明动作已经发生，用一般过去时，故填tapped。20Its reported that the _ (台风) will land tomorrow morning. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】t

12、yphoon【详解】考查名词。句意：据报道台风将于明早登陆。根据汉语提示“台风”可知，空格处应用typhoon，意为“台风”，为可数名词，根据句意和空格前定冠词the可知，句中特指明早登陆的那场台风，故用typhoon的单数形式，在句中作主语。故填typhoon。语法专题（基本句型）结构英文缩写例句常见动词备注主语+谓语S+VThe boy laughed.谓语动词均为不及物动词，后面不跟宾语，但可跟时间、地点、方式等状语。主语+谓语+宾语S+V+DOHe plays the violin very well.这里的谓语动词为及物动词，后面必须跟宾语。主语+连系动词+表语S+V+PShe is

13、 a doctor. be, keep, seem, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, become, grow, turn, fall, get 这里的动词都为连系动词。主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语S+V+IO+DOI gave her a present.give, bring, show, pass, buy, make, tell, ask, get, teach, write, sing, lend, hand, sell, cost, pay通常情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，但有时根据需要，间接宾语位于直接宾语之后，这时要在间接宾语前加to或

14、for主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语S+V+DO+OCWe call him Jack. think, keep, make, name, call, see, hear, watch, help, let, tell, ask, paint, leave宾语补足语部分可以为形容词，名词，不定式等形式句子的基本句型由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分，按不同方式可组合成五种基本句型。句子成分的表示方法：S: Subject主语；V: Verb动词；O: Object宾语；P: Predicative表语；IO: Indirect Object间接宾语；DO：Direct Objec

15、t 直接宾语OC: Object Complement宾语补足语；练习题：找出下面句子分别属于哪个句型ASV BSVP CSVO DS V IO DO E. SVOC F. SVA G. SVOA21Please tell us a story.22She smiled.23I have a lot of work to do.24His job is to train swimmers.25He noticed a man enter the room.26I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside.27There, the air

16、 is fresh and the water is clean.28I can hear birds singing in the green trees.29The little girl smiled happily.30She ordered herself a new dress.【答案】21D22A23C24B25E26G27B28E29F30D【分析】21考查基本句型判断。句意：请给我们讲个故事。此处为肯定祈使句，在祈使句中，通常省略第二人称主语you，以动词原形开头，谓语为tell，us为间接宾语，a story为直接宾语。属于“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S V IO D

17、O）”。故选D。22考查基本句型判断。句意：她笑了。此处主语为she，谓语为smiled，属于“主语+谓语（SV）”。故选A。23考查基本句型判断。句意：我有很多工作要做。主语为I，谓语为have，宾语为work，a lot of为定语修饰work，to do作后置定语，属于“主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）”。故选C。24考查基本句型判断。句意：他的工作是训练游泳运动员。主语为job，his为定语修饰job，is为系动词，后跟不定式作表语，属于“主语+系动词+表语（SVP）”。故选B。25考查基本句型判断。句意：他注意到一个男人进了房间。主语为He，谓语为noticed，宾语为a man，ente

18、r the room作宾语补足语，属于“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）”。故选E。26考查基本句型判断。句意：我将在农村度过这个暑假。主语为I，谓语为will spend，宾语为this summer holiday，in the countryside为地点状语。属于“主语+谓语+宾语+状语（SVOA）”。故选G。27考查基本句型判断。句意：在那里，空气清新，水干净。主语为the air和the water，is为系动词，后跟形容词fresh和clean作表语。属于“主语+系动词+表语（SVP）”。故选B。28考查基本句型判断。句意：我能听到鸟儿在绿树中歌唱。主语为I，谓语为can

19、 hear，宾语为birds，singing in the green trees为宾语补足语，属于“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）”。故选E。29考查基本句型判断。句意：小女孩高兴地笑了。主语为The little girl，谓语为smiled，happily为状语。属于“主语+谓语+状语（SVA）”。故选F。30考查基本句型判断。句意：她给自己订了一件新衣服。主语为She，谓语为ordered，herself为间接宾语，a new dress为直接宾语。属于“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S V IO DO）”。故选D。阅读理解（说明文）The World Wildlife F

20、und for Nature - WWF - reports that nearly 3 billion animals were killed or displaced by Australias wildfires in 2019 and 2020. The number, reported in late July, was about three times higher than an earlier WWF estimate. “It ranks as one of the worst wildlife disasters in modern history,” said WWF

21、- Australia Chief Executive officer Dermot O Gorman. The WWF said it used different methods to estimate wildlife populations, including information from over 100, 000 studies. The scientists created models to estimate the number of creatures found in areas destroyed by fire. Project leader Lily Van

22、Eeden from the University of Sydney said the research was the first continent - wide examination of animals affected by wildfires. “Other nations can build upon this research to improve understanding of bushfire impacts everywhere,” she said. Those creatures that fled destroyed habitats faced a lack

23、 of food and shelter or the likelihood of moving into already occupied habitats. Researchers said the destruction will cause some species to become extinct before their existence is even recorded. “We dont even know what we are losing,” said Chris Dickman, a professor of ecology at the University of

24、 Sydney. “These were species that were here and now they have gone. . . Its almost too tragic to think about,” Dickman added. The WWF report calls for improvements in habitat connectivity to help species escape from fires. It also calls for identifying and protecting habitat that was not burned to h

25、elp save threatened species. An expanded report on the study is expected later this year. The wildfires started in September 2019 and continued through March of this year. Scientists say the fires were fueled by higher than normal temperatures and years of drought in the Australian bush. The fires c

26、aused 34 human deaths and destroyed nearly 3, 000 homes. The WWF said that over the past year, it had raised money from donors to allocate emergency aid to the front lines of the fires to help injured and displaced wildlife.31What do we know about Australias wildfires in 2019 and 2020?AThey were the

27、 worst disasters in history.BOver 3 billion animals died in the wildfires.CThey caused more damage than calculated earlier.DMost animals moved to already occupied habitats.32How did Chris Dickman feel about the extinction of some species?AAstonished.BPained.CAnnoyed.DPuzzled.33What can be inferred f

28、rom the last paragraph?AThe wildfires last a whole year.BThe wildfires were caused by the heat.CThe wildfires also cause damages to humans.DThe wildfires were soon under control with donations.34What lesson can we learn from the text?AHumans shouldnt occupy wildlife habitat.BHumans shouldnt overesti

29、mate the bushfire.CWe should raise money for wildlife protection.DWe should develop the methods to prevent wildfires.【答案】31C32B33C34A【分析】本篇是新闻报道。文章主要描述了澳大利亚山火对动物和人类造成的影响。31推理判断题。根据第一段“The number, reported in late July, was about three times higher than an earlier WWF estimate.”七月底报告的数字比世界自然基金会早先估计的数

30、字高出三倍。可推断澳大利亚的山火造成的伤害比原先计算的要多很多。故选C项。32推理判断题。根据第三段“These were species that were here and now they have gone. . . Its almost too tragic to think about,”这些物种曾经在这里，现在它们已经消失了这实在是太悲剧了。可推断Chris Dickman对于物种的灭绝感到痛心。故选B项。33细节理解题。根据最后一段“The fires caused 34 human deaths and destroyed nearly 3, 000 homes.” 大火造成

31、34人死亡，近3000座房屋被毁。可知，山火也对人类造成了伤害。故选C项。34推理判断题。从倒数第二段“It also calls for identifying and protecting habitat that was not burned to help save threatened species.” 它还呼吁识别和保护未被烧毁的栖息地，以帮助拯救濒危物种。所以这里倡导人类不要占据野生动物的栖息地。故选A项。写作（改错）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺

32、词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Three years before, I visited the Great Wall with my parents. In the way to the Great Wall, we met a foreign lady. She was happily handing out pencils to friendly students which were talkin

33、g with her. My mother was asked me to chat her.Without the second thought, I begin to talk about the warm weather with her. We quickly became friend. I learned that she came to China by herself, so she didnt feel lonely with so many kind people around. Thought highly of my spoken English, she gave m

34、e a pencil made in Canada.【答案】1.beforeago2.InOn3.whichwho/that4.去掉was5.chat后面加上with/to6.thea7.beginbegan8.friendfriends9.sobut10.ThoughtThinking【分析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者三年前和父母参观长城遇到一位外国女士，并和她成为朋友的故事。【详解】1.考查副词。句意：三年以前，我和我的父母去参观长城。从现在来看的一段时间以前要用ago;从过去来看的某一段时间以前才用before，这里指的是从现在来看的“三年以前”，故将before改为ago。2.考查介词

35、。句意：在去长城的路上，我们遇见了一位外国的女士。“在.的路上”用on ones way to，故将的In改为On。3.考查定语从句连接词。句意：她正在分发一些铅笔给那些正在和她谈话的友好的学生。这是一个定语从句修饰先行词friendly students，指人，且先行词在从句中作were talking with（谈话）的主语，所以关系代词用who/that。故which改为who/that。4.考查动词时态语态。句意：我的妈妈要求我去和她聊天。was asked（被要求），表被动，这里是“妈妈要求我”，是主动，故用短语ask sb to do sth.（要求某人去做某事），用一般过去时as

36、ked，故去掉was。5.考查固定短语。句意：我的妈妈要求我去和她聊天。短语chat with sb（和某人聊天），故在chat后加with/to。6.考查固定短语。句意：我想都没想就开始和她谈论温暖的天气。短语without a second thought“毫不犹豫；不假思索”。故the改为a。7.考查动词时态。句意同上。根据上文可知故事发生在三年前，故应用一般过去时。故begin改为began。8.考查名词的数。句意：我们很快成了朋友。friend为可数名词，此处数量大于一应用复数形式，故friend改为friends。9.考查连词。句意：我知道她是一个人来中国的，但是有那么多善良的人在

37、身边，她并不感到孤独。根据语境可知上下文为转折关系，故so改为but。10.考查非谓语动词。句意：她对我的英语口语评价很高，给了我一支加拿大铅笔。本句中think做非谓语动词与逻辑主语she构成主动关系，故应用现在分词，故Thought改为Thinking。【点睛】定语从句中的关系词选择，可考虑以下几点：1、看清楚先行词的意义，就是理清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点、原因。指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等等。2、看清楚关系词的句法功能，就是理清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等等。作定语通常用whose，有时也用which。作状语要用when, where, why。3、看清楚定语从句的种类，就是理清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。that、why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。 4、看清楚文体，就是理清是正式文体，还是非正式文体。是书面语体还是口语体。如第三小题，这是一个定语从句修饰先行词friendly students，指人，且先行词在从句中作were talking with（谈话）的主语，所以关系代词用who/that。故which改为who/that。