商务统计学 常用词汇整理表

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1、商务统计学词汇表参数总体 原始（数据）来源 抽样、样本 二手（数据）来源 统计量 统计学、统计数据 统计（软件）包变量柱形图、条形图 单元、元素 图表垃圾 组限 分组 组中值 列联表 table 交叉分类表累计百分比分布有序的数列 帕累托图 帕累托准则 百分比分布 百分比多边形图 饼图、圆形图 全距scatter diagram相对频数分布散点图stem-and-leaf display茎叶图summary table汇总表time-series plot时间数列图width of class interval 组距Chapter 3Arithmetic mean算术均值Box-and-whi

2、sker plot箱线图Central tendency集中趋势Chebyshev rule切比雪夫法则Coefficient of correlation 相关系数Coefficient of variation 变异系数Covariance协方差Dispersion离散离差Empirical rule经验法则Extreme value极端值Five-number summary五数（值）概括法Geometric mean几何平均Interquartile range (IQR)Left-skewed四分间距、内距左偏Mean均值Median中位数Midspread中间离散、中间离差Mode

3、众数Outlier异常值Population mean总体均值Population standard deviatioPopulation variance总体标准差 /_ r .、.、，人总体方差Q :first quartile下四分位数1Q ：third quartile上四分位数3Quartile四分位数Range全距Resistant measures抗性测度值Right-skewed右偏Sample coefficient ofcorrelationShape样本相关系数（分布）形状Skewed偏斜（度）Spread离散（分布）Standard deviation标准差Sum of

4、 squares平方和relative frequency distributionChapter 1Categorical variables分类变量Continuous variables连续变量Data数据Descriptive statistics描述统计学Discrete variables离散变量Focus group 焦点小组方法，小组访谈法，焦点讨论方法 Inferential statistics推断统计学Numerical variables数值变量Operational definition运算定义ParameterPopulationPrimary sourcesSam

5、ple secondary sources statistic statistics statistical packages variablesChapter 2Bar chartCellsChartjunkClass boundariesClass groupingClass midpoint Contingency table Cross-classificationCumulative percentage distributionCumulative percentage polygon 累计百分比多边形图 Frequency distribution频数分布Histogram 直方

6、图 Ogive (cumulative percentage polygon) 卵形图、累积曲线图Ordered arrayPareto diagramPareto principle percentage distribution percentage polygon pie chartrange对称的、一、一,-方差变异 标准分数先验古典概率Bayestheorem贝叶斯定理Certain event必然事件Collectively exhaustive完备穷尽Combination组合Complement of event事件的补AConditional probability条件概率C

7、ontingency table列联表Decision tree决策树Empirical classical probability经验古典概率Event事件General addition rule一般加法法则General multiplication rule一般乘法法则Impossible event不可能事件Intersection of event事件的交Joint event联合事件Joint probability联合概率Marginal probability边际概率Multiplication rule forindependentevents 独立事件的乘法法则Mutua

8、lly exclusive互斥Permutation排列Sample space样本空间Simple event简单事件Statistical independence统计独立性Subjective probability主观概率Table of cross-classifications交叉分类表Union联合Venn diagram韦恩图Chapter 4A priori classical probability中心极限定理 群 整群抽样涵盖误差抽样框 判断抽样（样本） 测量误差 非概率抽样 无回答误差 概率抽样 抽样分布SymmetricalVariance Variation Z s

9、coresChapter 5Area of opportunity 机会域Binomial probability distribution 二项概率分布Expected value of a discrete random variable 离散随机变量的期望值Mathematical model数学模型Poisson distribution泊松分布Probability distribution for a discrete random variable 离散随机变量的概率分布 Rule of combination 组合定律 Standard deviation of a discr

10、ete random variable 离散随机变量的标准差Chapter 6Continuous probability density function 连续概率密度函数Cumulative standardized normal distribution累积标准正态分布Normal distribution 正态分布 Normal probability density function 正态概率密度函数 Normal probability plot 正态概率图 Quantile-quantile plotQ-Q图，分位数图Standardized normal random vari

11、able 标准正态随机变量Transformation formula 转换公式Chapter7Central Limit Theorem ClustersCluster samplingConvenience sampling 方便抽样、便利抽样 Coverage errorFrameJudgement sample Measurememnt error Nonprobability sample Nonreponse error Probability sample Sampling distributionSampling distribution of the sample mean

12、样本均值的抽样分布Sampling distribution of the sample proportion样本比例的抽样分布Sampling error 抽样误差 Sampling with replacement 重置抽样 Sampling without replacement 不重置抽样 Selection bias 选择偏差 Simple random sample 简单随机抽样Standard error of the mean均值的标准误差b =_L x vnStandard error of the proportion比例的标准误差 兀（1兀）b = IP 、 nStrat

13、a层Stratified sample分层抽样、分类抽样Systematic sample系统抽样Table of random numbers随机数表Unbiased无偏的Chapter 8Confidence interval estimat置信区间估计Critical value 临界值 Degrees of freedom 自由度 Level of confidence 置信水平 Point estimate 点估计 Sampling error 抽样误差Chapter9Level of significance Alternative hypothesis Confidence co

14、efficient Confidence levelData snoopinga 显著性水平备择假设置信系数置信水平数据探测法Directional test方向性检验（左或右单侧检验）Hypothesis testing 假设检验 Null hypothesis 原假设 One-tail test 单尾检验、单侧检验 P-valueP 值Power of a statistical test统计检验功效 Randomization随机性、随机选择Region of nonrejection非拒绝域Region of rejection拒绝域Test statistict检验统计量Two-ta

15、il test双尾检验、双侧检验Type I error第一类错误Type II error第二类错误Chapter 10 (第五版的10、11章)Among-group variation组间方差Analysis of variance (ANOVA)方差分析 Critical range临界区域F dis tribu tionF分布f-test statistic for testing the equality of two variances两个方差相等的F检验 Factor因素 grand mean Xhomogeneity of varianceLevene testMatched

16、PairedMean squareMSAMSTMSW总平均数方差齐性 方差齐性检验 匹配 配对 均方 组间均方差 总均方差 组内均方差Multiple comparisons多重比较One-way ANOVA单因素方差分析Paired ttest for the mean differencein related populations有关总体均值之差的配对t检验 Pooled-variance t test合并方差的t检验 Post hoc验后比较Random error随机误差Randomness and independence随机性和独立性 Repeated measurements重

17、复测量Robust test稳健性检验Separate-variance t test分离方差的t检验 Studentized range distribution学生(氏)全距或极差分布Sum of squares among groups(SSA) 组间平方和Sum of squares total(SST) 总平方和 Sum of squares within groups (SSW)组内平方和 Tatal variation总方差Treatment effect处理效应Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison procedureTukey-Kramer多重比较方

18、法 Within-group variation组内方差Chapter 11 （第五版的12章）Assumptions of regression AutocorrelationCoefficient of determination回归假设自相关 决定系数Confidence interval estimate for the mean response因变量（响应变量）均值的置信区间估计Confidence interval estimate for the slope 斜率的置信区间估计 Correlation coefficient 相关系数 Dependent variable 因变

19、量 Durbin-Wa tson statisticD-W 统计量Error sum of squares （SSE）随机误差平方和Equal variance等方差Explained variation可解释的变差Explanatory解释变量Homoscedasticity 同方差性，方差齐性Chapter 12 （第五版13章）Adjusted r2修正的决定系数Coefficient of multiple determination多重决定系数 Cross-product term交叉乘积项Dummy variables虚拟变量Interaction term交叉项Multiple

20、regression models多元回归模型Net regression coefficient 净回归系数，偏回归系数 Overall F test总体（回归方程）的F检验 Quadratic regression model二次回归模型Independence of errors随机误差的独立性 Least-squaresmethod最小平方法Linearity线性Normality正态性Predictioninterval for an individual response Y因变量Y个别值的预测区间Prediction line预测线Regression line回归线Regression analysis回归分析Regression coefficient回归系数Regression sum of squares（SSR）回归平方和 Residual analysis残差分析Response variable因变量Scatter diagram散点图Simple linear regression简单（一元）线性回归 Slope斜率Standard error of the estimate估计标准误差Y intercept因变量Y的截距Unexplained variation不可解释的方差