长安大学研究生期末英语考试题(答案)

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1、长安大学2011-2012 学年第 一 学期 硕士研究生英语 试题（A）卷考生注意事项:一 本考试由两部分组成：试卷一（Paper One）包括词汇、完形填空与阅读理解三部分，共65题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper Two）包括翻译与写作两部分，共2题。两份试卷合并装订成试题册。二 试卷一（题号1-65）为客观评分题，答案一律用中性（HB或2B）铅笔做在机读答题卡上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如【A】【B】【C】【D】。三 试卷二为主观评分题，答案一律写在主观答题纸ANSWER SHEET上。答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二前的注意事项。请在答题纸上写上姓名、学号、班级及任课教师姓名，以

2、免漏改、漏登成绩。四 答题卡和答题纸上须写清姓名和准考证号，考试结束时一并交回。答题卡和答题纸上不得做任何记号，否则答案无效。五 试卷一为70分钟，试卷二为50分钟。考试结束时间一到，考生一律停笔，将机读答题卡及主观答题纸留在座位上，待监考教师收点无误后，经主考教师宣布考试结束方可离开考场。试卷一（Paper One）Part I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has on

3、e word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B,Cand D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. When I w

4、as on the dole , I got 5.50 per week from the government and spent2.50 rent. A on drug B doped outC on welfare D on pension2. His speech was made with such great ambiguity that neither supporter nor opponent could be certain of his true position. A neatness B acquisition C vagueness D perception3. T

5、he eating process is a time to show humility and concern for others.A modesty BabuseCresponsibility D passion4. Some liberals dream of extending subsidies eligible low-income families, but that $100 billion-a-year solution was unrealistic even before the budget deficit ballooned again. A in the blac

6、k B in the redC in the blue D in the green5. While participation in business teams can offer enormous psychic satisfaction, it can also cause great distress.A spiritual B physicalC natural D equitable6. Even when government regulations appear specially formulated to support the culture of cuisine, t

7、hey often go astray.A defined B collected C studied D stated7. Yoga originated in ancient India and is one of the longest surviving philosophical systems.A living B existing C having Dacting8. Impatience, self-criticism and comparing oneself to others will not help in this process of self-knowledge.

8、A self-insight. B self-satisfactionC self-esteem D self-respect9. Under pressure, or change of interest, Potentials can partially or wholly disappear from view for considerable periods of time; but nothing can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate them. A expand BformulateC wipe out D get

9、out10. Government employees living in remote communities receive an isolated post allowance payment to help offset the higher cost of living.A welfare B reductionC dole DsubsidySection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose

10、the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.11. Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of _that you can count on to get the job done.A science B technologyC expertise Dability12. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference betw

11、een _and industry.A academia BspecializationCmajor Dschool13. Guangdong Province is located in southern China，with a_climate and abundant produce all year round.A harsh B mildCexcessive Dhumid14. Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River after being politically_.A sentenced B abusedC treated unjust

12、ly D banished15. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group; with the eating process also being a time to show _and concern for others.A hospitality B vigorC carefulness D humility16. Once desire diminishes, disappointed lovers may wonder where the “spark

13、 ” in their relationship has gone and may _regretfully and longingly about “the good days”.A reminisce B expectC wish D cuddle17. These misconceptions often lead to unrealistic expectation, stereotypes, and _.A disapproval B disappearanceC discourage D disillusionment18. Countless unnamed and unreco

14、rded men have given their lives for their fellowmen, not only on the _but on the home-front as well.A battlefront Bendeavor C majesty D battlefield19. A study of history reveals that the people who walked this earth in_ were moved by the same fundamental forces, were swayed by the same passions , an

15、d the same aspirations as the men and women of today. A aspiration B antiquity C happiness D order 20. Human nature is the basis of character, the temperament and _; it is that indestructible matrix upon which the character is built.A alteration B improvement C disposition D nature Part II CLOZE TES

16、T (10 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring An

17、swer Sheet.Every man unfolds a distinct character over which circumstances and education have only the most limited _21_. No two people will have ever _22_ the same conclusions from the same experiences, but each must interpret events and _23_ them into the mosaic of his own life pattern. Human natu

18、re is ever true to itself, not to the systems of faith or education. Each _24_ to the structure of the mold into which the soul was cast at the time of its individualization. The qualities _25_ in one remain as potentials whether they have a chance to develop or not. Under pressure, or change of int

19、erest, they can partially or wholly _26_ from view for considerable periods of time; but _27_ can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate them. Although man is potentially _28_ he is far from being actually so. If he were actually perfect there would be _29_ for preachers, teachers and human

20、itarians to do; no use for churches, schools, courts and prisons. _30_ while it is impossible to change human nature, it can be studied, controlled and directed and this should be the supreme _31_ of our religious, educational and social institutions.Man is perfect as a seed is perfect, germinally.

21、The spirit is perfect, but when it _32_ human structures, it participates in the imperfections of _33_; and during its association with matters takes on a mortal weakness, desires and limitations. But the spirit, the inner man, remains untouched and undefiled by evil. Only the outer man-the personal

22、ity and the physical body-becomes imperfect, due to ignorance, wrong thinking and _34_ of the laws of being. The outer man, too, was originally perfect, _35_ man has so desecrated and abused it that today it is a far _36_ from the original model. Mans inherent goodness, moreover, is _37_ by his coun

23、tless acts of heroism, unselfishness and sacrifice. Human nature does not and cannot _38_ but unfolds its inherent pattern. Man has a nature and its _39_ can be known. We can only endeavor _40_ man as he is. 21. A powerB controlC privilege D management22.A drawB take C withdrawD acquire23.A putB mol

24、d C fitD match24.A stick B formC shapeD hold25.A bornB producedC developedD bought26.A appearB peepC beholdD disappear27.A somethingB anythingC nothingD everything28. A perfectB commonC ordinaryD general29. AmuchB nominal C nothingDminority30. AAlthoughB Therefore C Providing D Nevertheless 31.A pur

25、pose B assignmentC accomplishmentD function32.A accommodatesB inhabitsC sheltersD dormers 33.A the latter B the former C the betterD the later34.A realizationB fulfillment C violation D accomplishment35.A and B butC thusD then36.A cryB shoutC screamD criterion37.A hiddenB coveredC revealedD disclose

26、d38.A developB changeC reformD disappear39.A lawsB crust C principles D appearance 40.A understandingB to be understood C being understoodD to understand Part III READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 50 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Read eac

27、h passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A,B,C or D, and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneActing is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be g

28、iven to a young person thinking of going on the stage is Dont!” But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, though the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are acc

29、epted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a repertory company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the costumes, and even a

30、cting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy, waiting for the chances of working with a better company, or perhaps in films or television.Of course, some people have unusual chances which l

31、ead to fame and success without this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his big car. He told the driver to stop, and he got ou

32、t to speak to the girl. He asked her if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to

33、 go to the studio the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. Of Course, she was given a more dramatic name, which is now world-famous. But chances like this hap

34、pen once in a blue moon!41. According to the passage, the main reason why young people should be discouraged from becoming actors is _.A actors are very unusual peopleB the course at the drama school lasts two yearsC acting is really a hard jobD there are already too many actors42. An assistant stag

35、e managers job is difficult because he has to _.A do all kinds of stage work B work for long hoursC wait for a better company D act well43. According to the context, the sentence But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy at the end of the first paragraph means _.A they dont care if th

36、eir job is hardB they like the stage naturallyC they are born happyD they are easily satisfied44. Conie Pratt soon became a famous actress after _.A learning some lessons about the art of speakingB playing her part in the Blue Colored MoonC successfully matching the most famous actorsD acting a lead

37、ing part with a most famous actor at that time45. The phrase once in a blue moon in last line refers to _. A all at once B once for a long timeC once in a while D once and for allPassage TwoDesegregation of higher education has produced significant improvements in education for all Americans. The op

38、ening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came about only as the result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts, in the streets, and on campuses.The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white

39、institutions also led to expanded opportunities for lower- and middle-class white students, especially at institutions that adopted “open admissions” policies of accepting all high school graduates. Between 1960 and 1981, while the number of black students between the ages of eighteen and twenty-fou

40、r enrolled in college increased from 134,000 to over750,000, the number of white students in the same age group grew from just over 2 million to over 6.5 million.In 1960 more than one-half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black institutions. By 1981 that percentage had decl

41、ined to just 18 per cent. Most of the blacks enrolled in traditionally white institutions, however, were at two-year community colleges or at four-year public colleges that were becoming or had already become predominantly black. Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for hist

42、orically black institutions that had always struggled under great hardship to provide higher education for blacks when blacks had been barred from white institutions. Historically black institutions, however, have continued to produce a high percentage of the most educationally and professionally su

43、ccessful blacks in the United States. Meanwhile, blacks in predominantly white institutions have achieved notable progress, but they have also encountered various problems. College completion rates for young blacks have increased substantially, but they are only about one-half the rate for young whi

44、tes. In 1981, for example, 11.5 percent of blacks aged twenty-five to twenty-nine and 21.3percent of whites in that age group had completed college.Blacks continue to be substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States. During the early 1980s blacks comprised

45、about 6 percent of students in graduate school and medical school and about 4 percent of all law school students. Blacks also received about 4 percent of all doctoral degrees, but over half of these degrees were conferred in one disciplineeducation. In general, since the cry of “reverse discriminati

46、on” was raised during the middle of the 1970s, black progress in higher education has been slowed and perhaps even reversed. 46. What is the main idea of the passage?A Desegregation of higher education produced many difficulties for historically black institutions.B The opening up of higher educatio

47、nal opportunities for blacks led to expanded opportunities for white students too.C Blacks have been historically repressed in graduate and professional schools in the United States.D Desegregation of higher education has brought more higher educational opportunities for black and white students ali

48、ke.47. What can be inferred about the opening up of segregated colleges and universities?A It came about as the result of a surge in the number of students enrolled in higher institutions.B It came about as the result of time-long resistance against racial discrimination against blacks.C It came abo

49、ut when the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised.D It came about when efforts to expand educational opportunities for lower- and middle-class black people were intensified. 48. Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of the opening up of segregated colleges and universities?A Bla

50、ck students were substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States. B It brought a significant increase in the number of white students.C It created thorny problems for historically black institutions.D The number of black students between eighteen to twenty-fo

51、ur years old enrolled in college greatly increased. 49. After the desegregation of higher education black students are still unlikely to .A get enrolled in traditionally white colleges B get enrolled in traditionally black institutions C complete collegeD get a Doctors Degree in science50. Which of

52、the following is true about historically black institutions?A The students in historically black institutions are no longer predominantly black after the opening up of segregated institutions.B They created many problems for their students.C They achieved notable progress even though they were under

53、 great hardship.D The number of historically black institutions dropped in the 1960s and 1970s.Passage ThreeWhat might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose

54、 lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existin

55、g highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system

56、 was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available, the car would enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp. (入口引道). As the driver approached the point of ent

57、ry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the drive would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashi

58、on to a “transition” lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all trespasser(非法进入者)could swiftly identified by authorities.) Either approach

59、to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automated control here should allow for smooth merging, without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax. 51. We learn from the first paragraph that two system of automated highways_