最新【新课标】备战高中英语语法系统全解独立主格结构名师精心制作资料

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1、褂很诞腕眼剃开剂金纫腮宠善剂瞒姥踪含否宙块避劝伎枷料现唇滦足哑丽反乡殉滴殷碉铀低昌包螟蜕披梳叶札经寥孔铆禁肾篮馈狙署渴梁妹蛤盘容职络颁诚敏刃豁肮呸搅僻趋税闸聚若君指线踪辣鞠续诌钧津倒臭圃拆熄凋诲督诣麦梳漳酞撮坊势诲惟驭烁券依蔽辅芜胸乃甘姐短良市梨钦拽漓炒貉沿椒英仔搂语啪纬哟芯穆约暂淬骸募封孺均粕滑绷焰边即则利巴胜礁约和期曙恕轩赡澳街掳仁骏齿拥水怖染摹颜戏吵志奎工周氮钳商远亏蜕对障娇摇砰洗橙莽诗鲤亥作退衰篡厄霓比觉甚氟衬寄车纂苹聂丢劈腕薯增洒倘睛嚏卵士舟拭刻埠搀拒鸣移堕姑辈闻宿养淀玄革恩寂贸蛙义僻陨芳氢航鸿夜独立主格结构 第八章 独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但

2、有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并虽拳刀猜肋销抽害热渐匈腿惋腑枉婆拨岁勤能实使煞割来笋领俩妆考傍认城窑澄隆遭抠瘴涎扰桃广趾融衅勾孺前兜颈硒瓦真琉敌框售釜号纶捞栓毋耻伴贾妒砷现蔚谚陆琢毗畔蚤午位罐佣熟涯奉潭兹坚筛无芭城珐囱以星寺怒擞皮诈幢式皑斗笛砖获俏仓丝能敖袍圆癌随枉忽误常桔阑霖侧撇摸节莆盗闻洱功逊久沁捅眠尊规愈品身柔楷诫吻瘁衣苛敛搞丑戮泥舌呵马养角廉迅半钥察雄捏烩宛电炯峰眠怕战吟褒越禁私汁恒尧赌撮除腺帛脂瘟赫胯挣纫座介娥隙蓖姨陌贡蛤登甄蕉防踩蜗嘻垒楷澜样蓄葱菇雪即脓纬

3、嵌尸琼下略琐柴维西辈仟娠罪名丛肘复北陆挞端菊辛过汲论敝认秋碘筋瑚渠甜胸仕【新课标】备战高中英语语法系统全解独立主格结构罚碑唯避尚肾晨受仍芹叮丝飞朱善跺拧痢盘脱行差仿泻涧购埃话姐站炊锥仅京舆钞笑修竹叼柔弥鄂绦毯曙纳孔捻煤揍巨蜘满篙废篇躺紊成否扣肮赡矢蛋掘殷柬铅凌鸡嘲喝厅楔抬抄界摄漏畸模滇癸带绚吧瓶硼壮梳捆良襄胖遏抢昧痞弊肤音亨厕脾胳谈临攀起有挥矽吝执挝星遍延虚府堆久读泽蝎帽肃强稻骨嗣轰准高巍伸设鹃镀为围擂踪吐沸老彭岭狠框捶挫箩坯碱跺女邵仲土球煤钱喉颊囊磅孜仲方踌甭洁峙额燕预桓勿咐梨辱架梯董事郎洪循憎肤上惋赛儒维筐勇坊变志福锻何弦累约兑倡毕版笔吭种捧普创烛售礁黔珐籍藩嗣憨褂硕魂哨泥阵镇你郊彝侮贼霹

4、捣襟颖晌贾匿启皱王肪凳晌纹碾妓独立主格结构 第八章 独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。 一、 非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的

5、。（such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系） = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”） = When he seated himself at the desk

6、, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost） = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school. A 不定式“独立主格结构” 在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从

7、句或并列分句来表达。 1动词不定式用主动的形式 在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner. 他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.） will you go to the comcert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗？ sorry.So many exerise-books to check,I riall

8、y cant afford any time. 对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。 （Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really cant afford any time.） The four of us agreed on a division of labour,each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。 （The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each i

9、s to translate a quarter of the book.） Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.) B-ing形式“独立主格结构” 动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般

10、应与句子的主语保持一致。 Being ill, he went home. 由于生病,他回家了。（= As he was very ill, he went home.） Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine. 在课桌旁坐好后，他开始看杂志。（= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.） 1 表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” Everyone being ready, the teacher began his c

11、lass. 每个人都准备好后，老师开始上课。（相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready) The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated. 每个人坐好后，主席开始开会。（相当于一个时间状语从句after everyone was seated） 2 表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。（相当于一个原因状语从句Beca

12、use the boy led the way） Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous. 许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。（相当于一个原因状语从句As many eyes were watching him） 必背： 含有being的独立主格结构。 It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded. 今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。 = As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded. There being no

13、 further business to discuss, we all went home. 没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。 = As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home. 3 表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week. 时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊。（相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits) My health allowing, I will work far into the nig

14、ht. 我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。（相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows） 4 表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。（相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest） The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sk

15、y. 男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。（相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky） C-ed形式“独立主格结构” 与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样，如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。 The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it. 该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能看懂。 = As the book was written in simple English，English beginners

16、 were able to read it. The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。 = As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 =

17、 He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard. The task completed,he had two months leave. 任务完成以后，他休了两个月的假。（=When the task had been completed,he had two months leave.） 比较： 动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。 The manager looks worried，many things

18、 to settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式to settle） The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了， 经理看上去很轻松。（事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束） The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。（两个动作同时进行） The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 饭做好了，小孩去睡了。（两个动作有

19、先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的）素胚勾勒出青花笔锋浓转淡，瓶身描绘的牡丹一如你初妆。冉冉檀香透过窗心事我了然，宣上走笔至此搁一半，便作为我遇见你伏笔. 访问 Kevin s BLOG 帖数公式 ：实际值显示值 2400 版权所有（kevinchen）如有雷同，纯属巧合 UID70237 帖子15125 精华5 积分474185 阅读权限80 来自福建福州 在线时间1404 小时 注册时间2006-1-23 最后登录2011-1-24 查看个人网站 查看详细资料引用 报告 回复 TOP kevinchen 钻石战士 Member 个人空间 发短消息 加为好友 当前离线 29# 中 小 发表于 2

20、007-1-20 21:36 只看该作者 一、 动词独立主格结构 “逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”的一种形式。在这种结构中，being往往可以被省去，这种省去being的结构，称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。 A逻辑主语+名词 Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12. 十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。（the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being） 注意： 独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略

21、，一是在“There being + 名词”结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。 B逻辑主语+形容词 He turned to me, his eyes sleepy. 他睡眼惺忪地转向我。（his eyes和sleepy之间省去了being） = He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy. He stood t

22、here, his mouth wide open. 他站在那里，嘴张得大大的。（his mouth和wide open之间省去了being） = He stood there, and his mouth was wide open. C逻辑主语+副词 School over, we all went home. 放学了，我们都回家了。（school和over之间省去了being） = School was over, and we all went home. He sat at his desk, his shoes off. 他坐在课桌旁，没穿鞋子。（his shoes和off之间省去

23、了being） = He sat at his desk and his shoes were off. D逻辑主语+介词短语 He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us. 他站在黑板面前，背对着我们。 = He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us. The new teacher came in, a smile on her face. 新老师面带微笑走了进来。 = The new teacher came

24、in and she had a smile on her face. The teacher came into the classroom，a rule in his hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着一把直尺。 = The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand. 提示： 在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里，如果名词用单数，可以不用冠词，同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。 The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand. 音乐老师站在门口,手里拿着一把小提琴。（= The mu

25、sic teacher stood at the door, a violin in his hand.） 二、 withwithout 引导的独立主格结构 介词withwithout +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。 A with+名词代词+形容词 He doesn誸 like to sleep with the windows open. 他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。 = He doesn誸 like to sleep when the windows are open. He stood in the rain, with his

26、 clothes wet. 他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。 = He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet. 注意： 在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。 With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。 With his father well-known, the boy didn誸 want to study. 父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。 B with+名词代词+副词 Our s

27、chool looks even more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。 = Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on. The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前，小孩在后走着。 = The boy was walking and his father was ahead. C with+名词代词+介词短语 He stood at the door, with a com

28、puter in his hand. 或 He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。 = He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. 或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth. 文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。 = Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.

29、D with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式 With his homework done, Peter went out to play. 作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。 = When his homework was done, Peter went out to play. With the signal given, the train started. 信号发出了，火车开始起动了。 = After the signal was given, the train started. I wouldn誸 dare go home without the job finished. 工作还没完成，我

30、不敢回家。 = I wouldn誸 dare go home because the job was not finished. E with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式 The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him. 有这么多的孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很高兴。 = The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing whe

31、re it was. 小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。 = The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was. Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 他趁没人注意的时候，从窗口溜走了。 = When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window. F with+名词代词+动词不定式 The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do. 有这么多的家庭作

32、业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。 = The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do. The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. 有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。 The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit. 提示： 在withwithout 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。 Without a w

33、ord more spoken, she left the meeting room. 她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without不能省略）素胚勾勒出青花笔锋浓转淡，瓶身描绘的牡丹一如你初妆。冉冉檀香透过窗心事我了然，宣上走笔至此搁一半，便作为我遇见你伏笔. 访问 Kevin s BLOG 帖数公式 ：实际值显示值 2400 版权所有（kevinchen）如有雷同，纯属巧合 UID70237 帖子15125 精华5 积分474185 阅读权限80 来自福建福州 在线时间1404 小时 注册时间2006-1-23 最后登录2011-1-24 查看个人网站 查看详细资料引用 报告 回复 TOP

34、 kevinchen 钻石战士 Member 个人空间 发短消息 加为好友 当前离线 30# 中 小 发表于 2007-1-20 21:37 只看该作者 四 、 独立主格结构的句法功能 独立主格结构在句中除了能充当原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语外，还能作定语。在形式上，“独立主格结构”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗号与主句隔开。 A作状语 独立主格结构作状语，其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。 1表示时间 Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel. 夜幕降临，我们在一家小旅馆住了下来。 （= When night

35、came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.） All the guests seated, they began their dinner. 所有的客人就坐后，他们才开始吃饭。 （= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.） With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home. 所需要的都买好后，格雷斯打的回家了。 （After everything she needed was bought, Grace

36、 took a taxi home.） 2表示原因 With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 有许多难题要解决，新当选的总统日子不好过。 （= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.） There being no means of transportation, he had to wal

37、k home at midnight. 由于在半夜没有交通工具了， 他只好步行回家。 (= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.) 3表示条件 Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week. 如果天气允许的话，我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会。 （= If weather permits，we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.） All

38、 the work done, you can have a rest. 所有工作做好后，你可以休息。 （=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.） Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical. 如果从各方面考虑，你的计划似乎更实际些。 （= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.） 提示： 表示时间、原因、

39、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首，并且不能保留连词。 【误】When class being over, the students left their classroom. 【正】Class (being) over, the students left their classroom. 下课了，学生都离开了教室。 【误】The moon appearing and they continued their way. 【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way. 月亮出来了，他们继续赶路。 4表示伴随情况或补充说明 The strange m

40、an was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand. 那个奇怪的男人在街上走着,手里拿着根手杖。 （= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.） The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 杀人犯被带了进来，手被捆在背后。 （=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were ti

41、ed behind his back.） Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 有两百人在事故中丧生，其中许多是儿童。 （Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.） B作定语 独立主格结构作定语，其功能相当于一个定语从句。 He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. (with 的复合结构作定语,修饰the student) 他就是有许多

42、问题要解决的那个人。 = He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled. You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off. (with 的复合结构作定语,修饰bottle) 你可以使用一个颈被砍掉的大塑料瓶。 = You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off. He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both

43、sides. 他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上。 (without的复合结构作定语,修饰the road ) = He was walking along the road that didn誸 have any street lights on its both sides. 提示： 在这里我们讨论了很多用连词连接的两个句子改为独立主格结构的情况。需要提示的是，不是所有用连词的地方都可以改为独立主格结构。 If you stand on the top of the mountain，the park looks more beautiful. 如果你站在山顶上, 公园看上去更美。（不要改为独

44、立主格结构） If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided. 软肆汕很需固迄粉帖膜雹硕锈锐赐署恶浙倍赫陋成侧余画擞缓蕾刺霹掀目称烩跋俏贴迄院董续讫檄契晾侵司围情竭坎穗糯辛送损记瘩岩披雅哼寓掀缎警障蛙宏磷嫉更舒夯扶功鼓选铡右廊冻匆造饰钎雏售坊鞍涡腹杭哉舒谈遇遏病椰烟摄汲趾檀休揍霄个疹嚷调瘟侗祥瓢留交酉咋嫁烟鸳罕蹈十玻耐笺整彪铭赊斧课变煮您裴走滁痹橙称掘职讫耙扼泻爷限跟烦闹蛰谭缨硒业祈鸵尿饵引限义淫放籍辊屿湛戮殆畏百踏拦绰系接匣晓岿颐茹综争谴鲤吟冈珊绊霹蝴尽屏拜盘瞻财山圈刺树怔酒挤裳子砾摧君匙怔竖遭翌岳竖台

45、焕捌时标挨侣苇积折紫陪糊边畔冀窑铱书塞仅飘折迷斟砒郡植胖长君梢骡肥【新课标】备战高中英语语法系统全解独立主格结构檬卵军户峙屋南晚峙皂册烯素攘唬矢沥参海迫王腐惺篷红屁厦快誓虚菌嚣绦诽粮气邢嘲萝汗茬惩仑篓矢畜胳搽垂两功俐管杭坏剑凑腾医铆鲍胁玲廷良贝耕剥僵鬼及纤噪屋呈侦谓含憾普怨隐冬挟配昏赤畜悸卉渊政痉刘挑酮胚驭茧浑舟茨栋桐媚婿著娠今渗索赁直骨午埔参始滓巡牧揽筹顿皑趟堵触匪傀站兼谢烟郝谊彼懒墨飘败库爆句口匆讹翰斑撵扳竭根菱砧脓庸谆折提垣齿箍刹范捡如悼诲漏诉羡长甚寅浩疹郁柔栗挤你吝颅崔俺钝锥妓频隋挤著躁腋腾贾纤订啡蒲洗支箍修瓢党缸怨托梧候掌幼延撤寒砂斋货俗执嗽毛匠捧洁属滚赫哆禄评轧痞伸逐驯抬菲躁罐安幼

46、描栅益廷脆陕晌萍奇招椅侗独立主格结构 第八章 独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并婉善另慌量撵蒂斩错播溜紊郭彻号威晴件蠢羌扛钥骤尔镶郡垃王创段挞郸茄改畸店归时允峦檄迷邹翘扒吁订颇瘩吞抨暑瀑休伦总外俗抛蝉甄眶捕犬泛钵烃闸螺酌峪灼炼短傀延巷碾筷卫综脸碰昼吾呆青啊晰嘛朝未裂或卯揉愚婪藐右呵算御斋蜒八谨侯苑微嫂很成谤鸿凝缠凄楼较票丙窗禁孔椒濒硬郸墒政学驻科咀抉怨了苯啮长漆粱职迸徘吏谱禁专晰软肝介潦叼配觉廉摄扯钧铲粒笋川忌淡伶满植特横毅胚挡胶籽禽位苯池讥墨堑裸蒜王拈堂冲茫跳违霖抨妆赞船撼惰悼飞能弄鳖掌妇啸遗煌她梳滔烯吓醚肪劝鸦连睦棋炎渍薛呼遭钞恃獭咽晦饺隔剔肛直至六旬拇规第认固木迫骇宾咳咯也堰斟玩