连动式和兼语式的英文译法

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1、 连动式和兼语式的译法连动式和兼语式的译法1.连动式的译法连动式的译法1.1表示先后关系的连动式通常将几个表示先后关系的连动式通常将几个动词都译成谓语动词，按原文中的先动词都译成谓语动词，按原文中的先后次序，用后次序，用and加以连接。加以连接。他把书他把书接过接过来来摆摆在膝盖上。在膝盖上。He took the book and laid it on his lap.这个军官这个军官放下放下杯子杯子站了起来站了起来。The officer put down his glass and stood up.表示动作先后的连动式表示动作先后的连动式,第一个第一个动作也可以用分词结构来表示。动作也

2、可以用分词结构来表示。她她打开打开抽屉抽屉拿出拿出词典来。词典来。Opening the drawer s h e t o o k o u t a dictionary.他到了车站发现火车已经开走了。Arriving at the station,he found that the train had left.他备好了课开始写日记。Having prepared his lessons,he began to write up his diary.12表示“手段、目的”关系的连动式，在英译时，通常是把前一个动词，即表示手段的词译成谓语，而后一个动词即表示目的的词，则用不定式译成目的状语。那老

3、汉下意识地举起手来搔他那光秃秃的头顶。The old man involuntarily raised his hand to scratch his bald head.去年我和弟弟回乡去看朋友。Last year I went home with my brother to visit my friends.早在1938年他就出国学习。As early as in 1938 he went abroad to study.在“手段、目的”的连动式中，第二个动词也可以用表示目的意义的介词来译。她回房间去取钥匙。She went back to her room for the key.这年头

4、，谁敢下乡去收租米？Who dares go down into the villages for rent these days?13有些连动式，前一个动作表示后一个动作的方式、状态，两者形成主从关系。在英译时，通常把后一个动作用限定动词译成谓语，前一个动作译成分词或介词短语。他们热烈鼓掌 欢迎日本来宾。They welcomed the Japanese guests with warm applause.不久，他捧着那本书回来了。Very soon he came back,holding that book in his hand.她已经洗完了衣服，坐在小溪边的石头上撩起布衫擦脸上的汗

5、。She had already finished washing.Seated on a stone beside the stream,she wiped her perspiring face with her tunic.但是，连动式的翻译要符合英语习惯，灵活掌握。她站在门口笑。She stood at the door,grinning.She grinned standing at the door.人民起来 反抗压迫。The people rose against oppression.我们应当起来 捍卫真理。We should come forward in defence o

6、f truth.2兼语式的译法兼语式的特点是：谓语有两个动词，前一动词的宾语，又是后一动词的主语，前后两个动词不共一个主语。21按英语的按英语的SVOC（主语谓语主语谓语宾语补语）句型把兼语式的第宾语补语）句型把兼语式的第二个动词转化为英语的宾语补足语。二个动词转化为英语的宾语补足语。当兼语式的第一个动词是：当兼语式的第一个动词是：“使、使、叫、让、教、请、劝、派、催、逼、叫、让、教、请、劝、派、催、逼、要求、命令、请求、迫使、引诱、要求、命令、请求、迫使、引诱、号召、鼓励、促进、动员、禁止、号召、鼓励、促进、动员、禁止、防止、阻挠防止、阻挠”等时，译成英语等时，译成英语后，在很多情况下，其宾

7、语补足语后，在很多情况下，其宾语补足语是由不定式来充当的。是由不定式来充当的。我们都劝他戒烟。We all advised him to give up smoking.我请他教我法语。I asked him to teach me French.有时英语的宾语补足语也可由介词短语来充当。他迫使对方处于守势。He drove his opponent into a defensive position.解放前环境迫使他行乞。Before liberation circumstances forced him into begging.地震使所有的房子都成了废墟。The earthquake r

8、educed all the house to ruins.兼语式中的第一个动词，如果是“领导”、“率领”、“组织”等词，第二个动词只有译成介词短语，才符合英语习惯。例如：党是能够领导农民走上社会主义道路的。The Party is capable of leading the peasants along the socialist road.检票员领他到座位上。The usher took him to his seat.他们组织工人加入了工会。They have organized the workers into trade unions.你妈妈叫你马上回去。Your mother w

9、ants you back home at once.我们必须使房子保持整洁。We must keep the room clean and tidy.什么事使你这么样激动？W h a t m a d e y o u s o excited?有时还可以用名词。例如：我们选他为区人民代表。We elected him a deputy to the district people congress.他们推他为领袖。They made him their leader.此外，兼语式的第一个动词如果是表示生理上感觉的动词时，也常常按照英语SVOC的句型来翻译。例如：她觉得房子在摇动。He felt

10、the house shaking.我们可以听见孩子们在外面玩。We could hear the children at play outside.我们看着他拿起门插，在门口停了一会。We saw him lift the latch and pause for a moment in the doorway.22英语中有大量的含有“致使”、“促成”意义的动词，有时为了句子简练有力，往往利用这类动词来翻译。例如：这真叫我吃惊！It surprised me!这会使孩子们高兴的。That will please the children.这暴行使全世界公众舆论感到震惊。This outrage

11、 shocked the world opinion.有些兼语式结构出现在主语中有些兼语式结构出现在主语中充当句子的一个成分，这种兼充当句子的一个成分，这种兼语式结构可以译成一个具有动语式结构可以译成一个具有动词意义的名词为中心词的短语词意义的名词为中心词的短语党中央动员和组织边区各方力量进行抗日赢得全国人民的高度赞扬。The Party Central Committees mobilization and organization o f t h e B o r d e r R e g i o n s capacities to make war against the Japanese

12、won high praise from the people throughout the country.他支持葡萄牙占据果阿使得亚洲人民更加反对他的政府。His support for Portugals occupation of Goa has turned the Asian people against his government all the more.24兼语式的第一个动词如果是“责怪”、“埋怨”、“批评”、“表扬”等，往往可将第二个动词译作英语的状语短语或状语从句。例如：指挥员表扬他有勇气。The commander praised him for his courag

13、e.报上批评这位作家没有真实地反映生活。Newspapers criticized the author because he failed to present a true picture of life in his works.她责备孩子迟迟不回家。She reproached her child for staying out late.25有时也可按照上下文和英语习惯灵活翻译。要使几亿人口的中国人民生活得好 to ensure a better life for the several hundred million people of China您叫我到哪儿去？But where

14、 can I go?小姐，我劝您少管闲事。Young lady,youd better mind your own business.1、那晚天黑得伸手不见五指。The night was too dark to see ones hand in front of ones face.2、我们必须以高度的历史感和时代紧迫感，继续集中力量进行经济建设。With a high sense of responsibility for the nation and the people and awareness of urgency,we will concentrate on economic c

15、onstruction in the hope of further strengthening and developing the nation.3、那位老妇人坐在窗前，凝视着树上那最后一片叶子，听它在寒风中瑟瑟呻吟。Sitting by the window,the old woman gazed at the last leaf on the tree,listening to its groan in the bitter wind.4、近几年中国政府一直鼓励外商参与重点经济建设项目和现有企业的技术改造。In recent years China has been encouragi

16、ng foreign businessmen to actively participate in Chinas key economic construction projects and the technological transformation of some existing enterprises.5、当局要求灾区群众开展生产自救，重建家园。The authorities urged the people in the flood-stricken areas to overcome the adversity through greater production and to

17、 rebuild their own homes.6、国际社会呼吁交战双方早日达成停火协议。The international community appealed to the warring sides for an earliest possible cease-fire agreement.7、经济的腾飞是中国在国际事物中发挥着越来越重要的作用。The boosting推进economy enables China to play a more and more important role in the world affairs.8、我劝那还是投案自首，一求宽大处理。Youd better surrender yourself to the police,in the hope of being accorded lenient宽大的,treatment.