高中英语 Module 5 Cloning Section Ⅰ Introduction,Vocabulary & Reading课件 外研版选修[共54页]

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1、Module 5Cloning关于克隆的设想,中国明代的大作家吴承恩在西游记中已有精彩的描述孙悟空经常在紧要关头拔一把猴毛变出一大群猴子,这当然是神话,但用今天的科学技术,能否实现这一梦想呢?让我们一起来看看科学家的“克隆”之路吧。The term cloning describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity1.The copied material,which has the same genet

2、ic make-up as the original,is referred to as a clone.Researchers have cloned a wide range of biological materials,including genes,cells,tissues and even entire organisms,such as a sheep.Over the last 50 years,scientists have conducted cloning experiments in a wide range of animals using a variety of

3、 techniques.In 1979,researchers produced the first genetically identical mice by splitting mouse embryos in the test tube and then implanting the resulting embryos into the wombs of adult female mice.Shortly after that,researchers produced the first genetically identical cows,sheep and chickens by t

4、ransferring2 the nucleus of a cell taken from an early embryo into an egg that had been emptied of its nucleus.It was not until 1996,however,that researchers succeeded in cloning the first mammal from a mature(somatic)cell taken from an adult animal.After 276 attempts,Scottish researchers finally pr

5、oduced Dolly,the lamb from the udder cell of a 6-year-old sheep.Two years later,researchers in Japan cloned eight calves from a single cow,but only four survived.Besides cattle and sheep,other mammals that have been cloned from somatic cells include:cat,deer,dog,horse,mule,ox,rabbit and rat.In addit

6、ion,a rhesus monkey has been cloned by embryo splitting.单词注释1.entity n.独立存在物;实体2.transfer v.转移难句剖析It was not until 1996,however,that researchers succeeded in cloning the first mammal from a mature(somatic)cell taken from an adult animal.译文:然而,直到1996年,研究者才从成年动物的成熟细胞中成功克隆出第一个哺乳动物。这是not until的强调句型,去掉句首

7、的It was和后面的that,该句子仍然完整。强调句中过去分词部分taken from an adult animal作名词cell的定语。定语。导读诱思1.What is cloning?2.When was the mammal cloned?答案:1.The term cloning describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity.The copied material,which has t

8、he same genetic make-up as the original,is referred to as a clone.2.It was cloned in 1996.Section Introduction,Vocabulary&Reading一二三四Pre-reading一、Do you know Dolly?Can you say something about Dolly?答案:Dolly is the first cloned sheep in the world.She was born in July 1996 in England.Although she is y

9、oung,she has four babies already.Unfortunately,she died in 2003.一二三四一二三四答案:1.emotions2.refuses3.murders4.chases5.burnt out6.breathed7.contrasted horribly with8.threw myself on9.made a sound10.again and again一二三四Post-reading三、根据课文内容填空Frankenstein is a young scientist from Geneva,in Switzerland.While

10、1.at university,he discovers the secret of how to 2.life.Using bones from dead bodies,he creates a creature that 3.a human being and gives it life.The creature,which is very large and strong,and is also 4.ugly,5.anyone who sees it.He wishes he had not created this creature,and he wishes he could dis

11、appear!一二三四The monster was the ugliest thing that Frankenstein had ever seen!The beauty of the dream 6.,and horror and 7.filled his heart.When the monster turned to look at Frankenstein,he felt unable to stay in the same room as him.He 8.out and for a long time he walked up and down his bedroom.At l

12、ast he 9.himself on the bed in his clothes.When he woke,Frankenstein found the monster 10.by his bed.He ran out of the room,hid in the garden and stayed there till morning.He wished he had not done the terrible thing.But it was too late.答案:1.studying2.create3.resembles4.extremely5.terrifies6.vanishe

13、d7.disgust8.rushed9.threw10.standing一二三四四、短语互译A.温故:从课文中找出下列短语,并写出它们的汉语意思。1.give life to 2.end ones life 3.rush out 4.walk up and down 5.put out 答案:A.1.赋予生命/生机2.结束某人的生命3.冲出去4.来回走动5.伸出一二三四B.知新:从课文中找出与下列短语相对应的英文。1.燃尽 2.与形成对照 3.扑倒在上 4.发出声音 5.一再,屡次 答案:B.1.burn out2.contrast with3.throw oneself on4.make a

14、 sound5.again and again12345678910111.The creature,which is very large and strong,and is also extremely ugly,terrifies anyone who sees it.那个怪物非常高大、强壮,并且极其丑陋,所有的人见了它都感到害怕。考点:terrify v.使惊恐,使受惊吓The thunderstorm terrified the child.雷雨把那个小孩吓坏了。The animals were terrified by the storm.动物被暴风雨吓坏了。12345678910

15、11考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义They were terrified when they heard that the lion had got out of its cage.听说狮子从笼子里逃脱后,他们感到惊恐不安。词性:形容词含义:感到害怕的This movie is,by turns,terrifying and very funny.这部电影一会儿令人毛骨悚然,一会儿滑稽可笑。词性:形容词含义:令人害怕的The terrorist demanded money from the childs parents.恐怖分子向孩子的父母勒索钱财。词性:名词含义:恐怖分子

16、1234567891011归纳:表情绪变化的动词的-ed结构,常修饰人或者有人所发出的动作、表情、声音等,意为“感到”;而-ing结构常修饰事物,意为“令人”。有这类用法的词还有:surprise,excite,interest,appoint,astonish,tire,relax,bore等。2)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的搭配及意义She was terrified of snakes.她怕蛇。搭配:be terrified of意义:害怕 He terrified the boy into telling a lie.他胁迫那小男孩撒谎。搭配:terrify sb.into doing

17、sth.意义:威胁某人做某事 The girl was terrified out of her wits.那女孩吓得魂不附体。搭配:be terrified out of ones wits意义:吓得魂不附体 123456789101112345678910112.When Frankenstein refuses to create a wife for him,the monster murders Frankensteins brother,his best friend Clerval,and finally,Frankensteins new wife Elizabeth.当弗兰肯

18、斯坦拒绝为他造一个妻子后,怪物杀害了弗兰肯斯坦的兄弟和他最好的朋友克莱瓦尔,最后,还杀死了弗兰肯斯坦的新婚妻子伊丽莎白。考点:refuse v.拒绝He offered to help me,but I refused his kindness.他主动提出要帮我,但我拒绝了他的好意。She refuses to watch such a terrifying TV play.她拒绝看如此恐怖的电视剧。1234567891011考点延伸辨析:refuse,decline,object与rejectrefuse指坚决、果断或坦率地“拒绝”。decline指比较正式地、有礼貌地“谢绝”。object

19、“反对(某人或某事)”,本身为不及物动词,后接介词to,后面可以接名词或动词-ing形式。reject以否定、敌对的态度“当面拒绝”。1234567891011The hospital refused to offer medical help to the homeless.医院拒绝向无家可归的人提供医疗救助。We declined their invitation.我们婉言谢绝了他们的邀请。I dont object to the children going with us.我不反对孩子们和我们一起去。The request of being equally paid by the wo

20、rkers has been rejected by the managers.工人提出的同工同酬的要求遭到了管理者的拒绝。123456789101112345678910113.The scientist chases the creature to the Arctic in order to destroy him,but he dies there.这个科学家(弗兰肯斯坦)追赶这个怪物到北极,希望杀死他,但他本人却死在了那儿。考点:chase vt.追逐,追赶,追踪Dogs like to chase rabbits.狗喜欢追赶兔子。考点延伸阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的搭配及意义Ive

21、been chasing around town all morning looking for a present for Sharon.为了送给莎伦一件礼物,我一上午都在满城奔走寻觅。搭配:chase around意义:急奔,急赶 1234567891011The huntsmen rode fast,chasing after the fox.猎人们疾驶着追捕那只狐狸。搭配:chase after意义:追捕,跑步追上 The dog ran into the garden and chased the birds away.狗奔进了花园,赶跑了鸟。搭配:chase.away意义:把赶走;

22、驱逐She chased the children out of the kitchen.她把孩子们赶出了厨房。搭配:chase.out of意义:将从赶出去 The police have been trying to chase up the dead mans sister,but they have no idea where she lives.警方一直在追寻死者的妹妹,但他们不知道她住在哪里。搭配:chase up意义:追寻,追查 123456789101112345678910114.It was on a cold November night that I saw my cr

23、eation for the first time.我是在11月一个寒冷的晚上首次看到我的作品的。剖析:这是一个强调句,基本结构是:+强调部分+剩余部分。本句型可以对句子除谓语动词之外的所有成分进行强调,强调作主语的人时,that可用 替代。答案:It is/was;that;whoIt was Wang Linhong that/who helped the old man on the bus.是王林红在汽车上帮助了那位老人。It is at the door that a stranger is waiting for a student.一个陌生人在门口等一个学生。1234567891

24、01112345678910115.My candle was almost burnt out.我的蜡烛几乎燃尽了考点:burn out(火)燃尽,烧完自灭That small fire can be left to burn(itself)out.那火小,可让它自己烧尽。If he doesnt stop working so hard,hell burn himself out.如果他继续这样拼命地工作会累垮的。1234567891011考点延伸阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的搭配及意义The skin on his foot was burnt away.他脚上的皮肤都被烧掉了。搭配:bur

25、n away意义:烧掉 The building was burnt down.大楼被烧毁了。搭配:burn down意义:把焚为平地 1234567891011Put more wood on the fire to make it burn up.再往火上续点柴让它烧得更旺。搭配:burn up意义:烧得更旺 Her words made his heart burn with frustration.她那些话使他极端灰心。搭配:burn with意义:被充满 He has been burning for a chance to visit Beijing.他一直渴望能有一次机会去参观北

26、京。搭配:burn for意义:希望获得;渴望 123456789101112345678910116.It breathed hard,and moved its arms and legs.它喘着粗气,扭动着四肢。考点:breathe v.呼吸Its healthy to breathe deeply.深呼吸有益于健康。考点延伸阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的搭配及意义The doctor told me to breathe in and then breathe out slowly.医生叫我吸气然后慢慢地呼出。搭配:breathe in意义:吸气 搭配:breathe out意义:呼气 1

27、234567891011Reaching the top of the tower,he was out of breath.到了塔顶,他上气不接下气。搭配:out of breath意义:气喘吁吁;上气不接下气 We held our breath in excitement.我们激动地屏息凝神。搭配:hold ones breath意义:屏住呼吸 The beautiful view from the top of the mountain took my breath away.从山顶看到的美景使我目瞪口呆。搭配:take ones breath away意义:使(某人)目瞪口呆;使大吃

28、一惊 123456789101112345678910117.His hair was black and his teeth were white.But these things contrasted horribly with his yellow eyes,his wrinkled yellow skin and black lips.他的头发是黑色的,牙齿是白色的,但这些却与他的黄眼睛、黑嘴唇以及皱巴巴的黄色皮肤形成了骇人的对比。考点:contrast v.&n.对照The writer contrasts good with evil.作家使美好与邪恶形成对照。1234567891

29、011考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的搭配及意义Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.她的行动与她的诺言有天壤之别。搭配:contrast with意义:与相比 Black is a contrast to/with white.黑与白是相对的。搭配:be a contrast to/with意义:和成对比 1234567891011The private sector,by contrast,has plenty of money to spend.相比之下,私营部门就有很多钱可供开销。搭配:by contrast意义:相比之

30、下 In contrast with her sister,she is very tall.与姐姐相比,她个子很高。搭配:in contrast with意义:与相比 12345678910112)辨析:compare与contrast都含“相比,比较”的意思。compare常指为了找出两种事物或现象的异同点而进行比较,compare.to.“把比作”。contrast指两者之间的“对照,对比”,着重指通过两种事物或现象的对比,突出地指出它们的不同。It is interesting to compare their situations and ours.把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。

31、Her actions and her promises contrasted sharply.她的行动与她的诺言相差甚远。123456789101112345678910118.But now I had finished,the beauty of the dream vanished,and horror and disgust filled my heart.现在我已经完成了创作,但梦想中的美丽已荡然无存,恐怖和厌恶充斥着我的心灵。考点:disgust v.使觉得恶心;使厌烦The smell of the fish disgusted me.鱼腥味使我觉得恶心。His crudene

32、ss disgusted her.他的粗野令她厌烦。1234567891011考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义The smell filled me with disgust.这股气味使我作呕。词性:名词含义:厌恶,反感The bad fish had a disgusting smell.这条坏鱼有一股令人作呕的气味。词性:形容词含义:令人作呕的Im sickened and disgusted.我感到恶心和反感。词性:形容词含义:厌恶的,厌烦的12345678910112)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的搭配及意义To my disgust,they refused to hel

33、p.令我反感的是,他们拒绝帮忙。搭配:to ones disgust意义:令某人反感的是 He returned downstairs in disgust.他厌恶地转身下楼了。搭配:in/with disgust意义:厌恶地 Im disgusted with what she said.我对她的话很反感。搭配:be disgusted with/at意义:对感到恶心 123456789101112345678910119.At last I threw myself on the bed in my clothes,trying to find a few moments of sleep

34、.最后,我和衣倒在床上,试图睡一会儿。考点:throw oneself on 扑倒在上He tried to catch the butterfly,but threw himself on the ground.他想抓住那只蝴蝶,但扑倒在地上了。1234567891011考点延伸阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的搭配及意义You can never throw yourself on that fellow.你决不能依赖那家伙。搭配:throw oneself on意义:依赖,将自己托付给 Dont throw waste paper about.不要乱扔废纸。搭配:throw about意义:到处

35、扔 The child threw all the old toys aside.孩子把所有的旧玩具扔在一边。搭配:throw aside意义:把扔在一边 Dont throw those magazines away.I havent read them yet.别把那些杂志扔掉,我还没看呢。搭配:throw away意义:丢弃 1234567891011123456789101110.I woke,shaking with fear.At that same moment,I saw the creature that I had created.我浑身战栗着吓醒了。就在那一刻,我看见了我

36、创造出来的怪物。剖析:1)shaking with fear为动词-ing短语作状语,表示伴随。2)that I had created为that引导的定语从句。考点:fear n.害怕,恐惧v.害怕,畏惧Her heart was filled with fear when she heard of it.她听到这件事时,心里充满了恐惧。She fears to speak in public.她害怕在公众场合讲话。1234567891011考点延伸阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的搭配及意义All mothers fear for their children when they travel f

37、ar.儿行千里母担忧。搭配:fear for意义:担心的安全 The thief passed the day in fear of discovery.那小偷整天提心吊胆怕被发现。搭配:in fear of意义:怕,为提心吊胆 1234567891011For fear of disturbing others she spoke in a low voice.因为怕打扰别人,她低声说话。搭配:for fear of意义:为了避免,害怕 We spoke in whispers for fear that we might wake the baby.我们轻声说话,以免吵醒婴儿。搭配:for

38、 fear that意义:唯恐,生怕 1234567891011123456789101111.I hid in the garden and stayed there till morning,terrified by what I had done.Again and again I thought,“I wish I had not done this terrible thing,I wish I was dead!”由于为我做过的事情感到害怕,我藏在花园,一直待到天亮。我一遍又一遍地想:“但愿我没有做这可怕的事!但愿我死了!”剖析:1)terrified by what I had

39、done为过去分词短语作原因状语。what引导一个宾语从句。2)I wish I had not done this terrible thing,I wish I was dead运用了虚拟语气,表达与过去事实相反的愿望,从句中用过去完成时。1234567891011考点:again and again一再,屡次Dont make the same mistake again and again.不要一次次犯相同的错误。考点延伸阅读下列句子,体会黑体部分的意义Once again,the car refused to start.又试了一次,汽车还是发动不起来。意义:再一次The engineer explained the main points of the technical problem(all)over again.工程师把那个技术问题的重点重新讲了一遍。意义:再一次,重新,重复1234567891011The couple quarrelled now and again.这对夫妇不时地发生口角。意义:常常,不时地Ive warned you over and over again not to do that.我一再地警告你不要那样做。意义:一再,多次,反复1234567891011