2Bonesoflimb

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1、Bones of upper limb 上肢骨上肢骨nShoulder girdle 上肢带骨上肢带骨qClavicle 锁骨锁骨qScapula 肩胛骨肩胛骨nBones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨自由上肢骨qArm:humerus 肱骨肱骨qForearmnRadius 桡骨桡骨 nUlna 尺骨尺骨 qBones of hand nCarpal bones 腕骨腕骨nMetacarpal bones 掌骨掌骨 nPhalanges of fingers 指骨指骨 Clavicle 锁骨锁骨n“S”shaped,medial 2/3 convex forward an

2、d lateral 1/3 convex backwardnSternal end 胸骨端胸骨端(medially)nAcromial end 肩峰端肩峰端(laterally)Scapula 肩胛骨肩胛骨Two surfacesnAnterior surface:subscapular fossa 肩胛下窝肩胛下窝nPosterior surface:qspine of scapula 肩胛冈肩胛冈qacromion 肩峰肩峰qsupra-and infraspinous fossa 冈上、下窝冈上、下窝Three bordersnSuperior:coracoid process 喙突喙突

3、 scapular notch 肩胛切迹nMedial(vertebral)border 脊柱缘脊柱缘nLateral(axillary)border 腋缘腋缘Three anglesnSuperior:opposite to the 2nd rib nInferior:opposite to the 7th rib or 7th intercostals spacenLateral:glenoid cavity 关节盂关节盂 supra-and infraglenoid tubercles 盂上、下结节后面观前面观外侧面观 Humerus 肱骨肱骨Upper end:nHead of hum

4、erus 肱骨头肱骨头nAnatomical neck 解剖颈解剖颈nGreater tubercle 大结节大结节nLesser tubercle 小结节小结节nCrest of greater tubercle 大结节嵴大结节嵴nCrest of lesser tubercle 小结节嵴小结节嵴nIntertubercular groove 结节间沟结节间沟nSurgical neck 外科颈外科颈后面观前面观Humerus 肱骨肱骨Shaft:nDeltoid tuberosity(on lateral surface)三角肌粗隆三角肌粗隆 nGroove for radial nerv

5、e(on posterior surface)桡神经沟桡神经沟后面观前面观Humerus 肱骨肱骨Lower end:nCapitulum of humerus 肱骨小头肱骨小头nTrochlea of humerus肱骨滑车肱骨滑车nCoranoid fossa 冠突窝冠突窝(anteriorly)nRadial fossa 桡窝桡窝(anteriorly)nOlecranon fossa 鹰嘴窝鹰嘴窝(posteriorly)nLateral epicondyle 外上髁外上髁nMedial epicondyle 内上髁内上髁Sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟尺神经沟后

6、面观前面观Radius 桡骨桡骨Upper end:nhead of radius 桡骨头桡骨头nneck of radius 桡骨颈桡骨颈nradial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆桡骨粗隆narticular circumference 环状关节面环状关节面Shaft：ninterosseous border 骨间缘骨间缘Lower end:nstyloid process(laterally)桡骨茎突桡骨茎突nulnar notch(medially)尺切迹尺切迹ncarpal articular surface(inferiorly)腕关节面腕关节面桡骨 尺骨 前面观Ulnar 尺骨

7、尺骨Upper end:ntrochlear notch 滑车切迹滑车切迹 nOlecranon 鹰嘴鹰嘴 ncoronoid process 冠突冠突 nradial notch 桡切迹桡切迹nulnar tubersity 尺骨粗隆尺骨粗隆 Lower end nhead of ulna 尺骨头尺骨头nstyloid process 尺骨茎突尺骨茎突Anteroposterior radiograph of the forearm of a girl aged 11 Colles fracture nNormally,the radial styloid process projects

8、further distally than the ulnar styloid process.nConsequently,when fracture within the distal 2 cm of the radius(Colles fracture)occurs,this relationship is reversed because of shortening of the radius.Carpal bones 腕骨腕骨Proximal row (lateral to medial)nScaphoid 手舟骨手舟骨nLunate 月骨月骨nTriquetral 三角骨三角骨 nP

9、isiform 豌豆骨豌豆骨Distal row (lateral to medial)nTrapezium 大多角骨大多角骨nTrapezoid 小多角骨小多角骨nCapitate 头状骨头状骨 nHamate 钩骨钩骨Carpal bones 腕骨腕骨P.S.L.Tq.Tm.Td.C.H.记忆口诀：记忆口诀：舟、月、三角、豆舟、月、三角、豆 scaphoid,lunate,triquetral and pisiform 大、小、头状、钩大、小、头状、钩 trapezium,trapezoid,capitate and hamateMetacarpal bones掌骨掌骨nNumbered

10、one to five from thumb to little fingernStructure of eachqbase(proximally)qShaftqhead(distally)Phalanges of fingers 指骨指骨nConsist of 14 two for first digit(thumb)and three for each of other four digitsnStructure of each qbase(proximally)qShaftqtrochlea of phalanx(distally)qtuberosity of distal phalan

11、x 远节指骨粗隆Bones of Lower Limb 下肢骨下肢骨nPelvic girdle:hip bone 髋骨髋骨nBones of free lower limb:qThigh nFemur 股骨股骨 nPatella 髌骨髌骨q Leg nTibia 胫骨胫骨 nFibula 腓骨腓骨 qFoot nTarsal bones 跗骨跗骨nMetatarsal bones 跖骨跖骨nPhalanges of toes 趾骨趾骨 Hip bone 髋骨髋骨 Consisting of three fused bonesnilium 髂骨髂骨nischium 坐骨坐骨nPubis 耻骨耻

12、骨Acetabulum 髋臼髋臼nFormed by bodies of ilium,ischium and pubisnLunate surface 月状面月状面nAcetabular fossa 髋臼窝髋臼窝nAcetabular notch 髋臼切迹髋臼切迹Obturator foramen 闭孔闭孔Ilium髂骨髂骨Body of ilium 髂骨体髂骨体 Ala of ilium 髂骨翼髂骨翼niliac crest 髂嵴髂嵴nAnterior superior iliac spine 髂前上棘髂前上棘 nAnterior inferior iliac spine 髂前下棘髂前下棘n

13、Tubercle of iliac crest 髂结节髂结节nPosterior superior iliac spine 髂后上棘髂后上棘nPosterior inferior iliac spine 髂后下棘髂后下棘nGreater sciatic notch 坐骨大切迹坐骨大切迹niliac fossa 髂窝髂窝nArcuate line 弓状线弓状线nAuricular surface 耳状面耳状面niliac tuberosity 髂粗隆髂粗隆nGluteal surface 臀面臀面外面观内面观Ilium髂骨髂骨nAn imaginary line joining the high

14、est point on the iliac crests over the fourth lumbar spine.Ischium 坐骨坐骨nBody of ischium 坐骨体坐骨体nIschial spine 坐骨棘坐骨棘nLesser sciatic notch 坐骨小切迹坐骨小切迹nRamus of ischium 坐骨支坐骨支nischial tuberosity 坐骨结节坐骨结节外面观内面观Pubis 耻骨耻骨nBody of pubis 耻骨体耻骨体qiliopubic eminence 髂耻隆起髂耻隆起nSuperior ramus of pubis 耻骨上支耻骨上支qpe

15、cten of pubis 耻骨梳耻骨梳qpubic tubercle 耻骨结节耻骨结节qpubic crest 耻骨嵴耻骨嵴qsymphysial surface 耻骨联合面耻骨联合面nInferior ramus of pubis 耻骨下支耻骨下支外面观内面观 Femur 股骨股骨Upper endnFemoral head 股骨头股骨头nFovea of femoral head 股骨头凹股骨头凹nNeck of femur 股骨颈股骨颈nGreater trochanter 大转子大转子nLesser trochanter 小转子小转子nIntertrochanteric line 转

16、子间线转子间线nIntertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴转子间嵴后面观前面观Fracture of the femoral neck Femur 股骨股骨Shaft:nLinea aspera 粗线粗线nGluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆臀肌粗隆nPectineal line 耻骨肌线耻骨肌线 nPopliteal surface 腘面腘面 Femur 股骨股骨Lower end:nMedial condyle 内侧髁内侧髁nLateral condyle 外侧髁外侧髁nIntercondylar fossa 髁间窝髁间窝nPatellar surface 髌面髌面

17、nMedial epicondyle 内上髁内上髁nLateral epicondyle 外上髁外上髁nAdductor tubercle 收肌结节收肌结节Patella 髌骨髌骨nTriangular sesamoid boneTibia 胫骨胫骨Upper end:nMedial condyle 内侧髁内侧髁nLateral condyles 外侧髁外侧髁nIntercondylar eminence 髁间隆起髁间隆起nFibular articular surface 腓关节面腓关节面nTibial tuberosity 胫骨粗隆胫骨粗隆 Shaft:nInterosseous bord

18、er 骨间缘骨间缘 nSoleal line 比目鱼肌线比目鱼肌线Lower end:nFibular notch 腓切迹腓切迹nMedial malleolus 内踝内踝后面观前面观 Fibula 腓骨腓骨Upper end:nFibular head 腓骨头腓骨头 nNeck of fibula 腓骨颈腓骨颈Shaft:nInterosseous border 骨间缘骨间缘Lower end:nLateral malleolus 外踝外踝Tarsal bones 跗骨跗骨Consist of seven short bones arranged in three rowPosterior

19、row ntalus 距骨距骨ncalcaneus 跟骨跟骨Intermediate row nnavicular bone 足舟骨足舟骨Anterior row nMedial cuneiform 内侧楔骨内侧楔骨 nIntermediate cuneiform 中间楔骨中间楔骨 nlateral cuneiform 外侧楔骨外侧楔骨 ncuboid bone 骰骨骰骨口诀：距上跟下骰在外，内中外楔舟前摆口诀：距上跟下骰在外，内中外楔舟前摆 Metatarsal bones 跖骨跖骨nConsist of five elongated bones,numbered one to five m

20、edial to lateralnStructure：base(proximally),shaft,and head(distally)in each Phalanges of toes 趾骨趾骨 Consist of 14two for first toe(hallux)and three for each of other four toesSurface landmarks:qtrochlea of talus 距骨滑车距骨滑车qcalcaneal tuberosity 跟骨结节跟骨结节qtuberosity of navicular bone 舟骨粗隆舟骨粗隆qtuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone 第五跖骨粗隆第五跖骨粗隆