分词作状语的用法

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1、分词作状语的用法可以肯定地说，分词的状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最 难掌握的。历年的高考英语考题也说明，分词作状语的用法是所有分 词用法中最常考的。因此，本文拟对分词作状语的用法作一小结和分 析，同时归纳一些行之有效的做题方法和理解技巧，以帮助同学们掌 握其用法。一、用作时间状语1. 典型例句Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.见到猫，老鼠就跑了。The work finished, he went home.工作做完后，他就回家了。2. 理解技巧分词（短语）用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句（引导时间状语 的从属连词需根据句意来确定），如上面两句也

2、可转换成： When As soon as the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.After the work was finished, he went home.3. 高考实例When different cultures, we often pay attention only tothe differences without noticing the many similarities. （2006浙 江卷）A. compared B. being comparedC. comparing D. having compared【分析】此题答案选 C,分词

3、短语 when comparing different cultures 相当于时间状语从句 when we compare different cultureso二、用作原因状语1. 典型例句Being very weak, she couldnt move.她由于身体虚弱而不能彳亍 动。His car broken down, he had to walk.他的车坏了，所以只好走 路。Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她很沮丧，搬至U 了伦敦。2. 理解技巧分词（短语）用作原因状语通常可转换成由as, because, since, now

4、 that等引导的原因状语从句，如上面三句也可转换成：As she was very weak, she couldn t move.Because his car was broken down, he had to walk.Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London.3. 高考实例（1）with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. （2006 四川卷）A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face【分析】答案选A。

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7、S8M 力!IV 7|jo/vjeu jejnduuoD |ooips eqj jo u/vop|eejq eqj joj 亿）e|qnojjqDnuu os qji/v peDej eje/v e/v esneDeq昌曾里涿 13甜牌谢锁If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.3. 高考实例 time, he ll make a first-class tennis player. （2003北京春）A

8、. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given【分析】答案选D。give与其逻辑主语he是动宾关系，用过去分 词，故选D。分词短语Given time可转换成条件状语从顺If he is given time。四、用作让步状语1. 典型例句Living miles away, he attended the course.虽然住在几英里以 外，他仍去上课。Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.虽然被击败了，他仍是 一个受欢迎的拳击手。2. 理解技巧分词（短语）用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, alt

9、hough, no matter.等引导的让步状语从句，如上面两句也可转 换成：Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.3. 高考实例No matter how frequently, the works of Beethoven stillattract people all over the world. （2006 广东卷）A. performed B. performingC. to be performed D.

10、being performed【分析】答案选A。现在分词短语performed在此相当于they are performedo No matter how frequently they are performed 的 意思是“无论它们（指贝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”。五、用作伴随状语1. 典型例句He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.他坐在椅子上看报。 Dont you sit there doing nothing.别什么也不干坐在那里。He came in, followed by his wife.他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻 子。2. 理解技巧

11、理解“伴随状语的关键是要理解“伴随二字。分词（短语）用作伴 随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所 表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。3. 高考实例（1）Don t sit there nothing. Come and help me with thistable. （2006 湖北卷）A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing（2）My cousin came to see me from the country,me a full basket of fresh fruits. （2006 安徽卷）A. bro

12、ught B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought（3）Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he wouldanswer carelessly, always the same thing. （2006 江苏卷）A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said（4）We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs,that all children like these thing

13、s. （2006 全 国卷）A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought【分析】以上四题答案分别为CBAA。六、用作方式状语1. 典型例句He earns a living driving a truck.他靠开卡车谋取生。Im returning you letter as requested.我按要求给你退信。2. 理解技巧分词（短语）用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近。有时用作 方式状语的现在分词可以转换成by doing sth的结构，如上面第一 句也可换成：He earns a living by driving a truck.注：近

14、几年高考对分词用作方式状语的情形考得较少。七、用作结果状语1. 典型例句He fired, killing one of the passers-by.他开枪了，打死了一个过 路人。He died, leaving his wife with five children .他死了，留下他妻子 和五个儿子。It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，车辆陷入泥沼，桥梁被水冲去。2. 理解技巧分词（短语）用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列句，如上面两句也可 转换成：He fired and killed on

15、e of the passers-by.He died and left his wife with five children.It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out.3. 高考实例（1）He glanced over at her,that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. （2005 广东卷）A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted【分析】答案选A，此句

16、也可换成：He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.（2）Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. （2005 山东卷）A. have reached B. reachingC. to reach D. to be reaching【分析】答案选B，此句也可换成：Oil prices ha

17、ve risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reached a record US 分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：* doing :用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行。Returning home later, my friend learned that the police had been to the flat.* having done:用来表示主动，且动作发生在主句之前。Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it again.* being done:用来

18、表示被动，且前后动作同时进行。Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened.* done:用来表示被动且完成Destroyed in the storm, the house will be rebuilt.* having been done:用来表示被动，而且强调动作持续一段时间 或次数。Having been defeated three times, he had to give up.*否定形式：not/ never +分词结构Not studying hard, he didnt pass the test.Never having taken a plane before, he was nervous.