2021学年高中英语Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsPeriodOneWarmingUp&Reading讲义新人教版必修3

《2021学年高中英语Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsPeriodOneWarmingUp&Reading讲义新人教版必修3》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021学年高中英语Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsPeriodOneWarmingUp&Reading讲义新人教版必修3（57页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2016-2017学年高中英语Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsPeriodOneWarmingUp&Reading讲义新人教版必修3Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars Will the continents join again in the far future?In the beginning，more than 4.6 billion years ago，the world was a ball of burning gas，going round and round through space.At f

2、irst，hot gases were able to escape into outer space，but as the Earth cooled，they were held by gravity to form the early atmosphere.Clouds began to develop as water vapour collected in the air.And then it began to pour with rain，causing the early oceans to rise up.It took hundreds of millions of year

3、s for the first land masses to appear.About 250 million years ago，long，long after the Earth had formed，all the continents of the time had joined together to form a supercontinent called Pangaea.This supercontinent broke up about 200 million years ago to form two giant continents，Gondwana and Laurasi

4、a.Gondwana was made up of what is now Africa，South America，Australia，Antarctica and India.The Indian subcontinent lay off the east coast of Africa，before it broke off and moved north rapidly.It collided with Asia，creating one of the worlds greatest mountain ranges，which extends for more than 2,400 k

5、ilometersthe Himalayas.By now，our world had started to look like something we would recognize.The amazing process of plate tectonics(板块构造)，in which the Earths land masses move slowly across the Earths crust(外壳)，is still continuing.Far in the future，some scientists have predicted that the present con

6、tinents will join again，to form a new supercontinent.Only time will tell.1.Pangaea n.海洋泛大陆；盘古大陆2.giant adj.巨大的3.collide vi.碰撞，相撞判断正(T)误(F)1.The early oceans appeared because of the rain which developed from hot gases.(T)2.Pangaea was made up of what is now Africa，South America，Australia，Antarctica a

7、nd India.(F)3.Only time will tell whether the present continents will join again.(T)Period OneWarming Up，Prereading & Reading.单词检测1.astronomy n.天文学2.system n.系统；体系；制度3.religion n.宗教；宗教信仰4.theory n.学说；理论5.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的6.atmosphere n.大气层；气氛7.unlike prep.与不同；不像8.fundamental adj.基本的；基础的9.harmf

8、ul adj.有害的10.chain n.链子；连锁；锁链11.multiply vi.&vt.乘；增加12.exist vi.生存；存在13.thus adv.因此；于是14.puzzle n.迷；难题；vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难.短语检测1.solar system 太阳系2.in time及时；终于3.all sorts of各种各样的4.lay eggs下蛋5.give birth to产生；分娩6.in ones turn轮到某人7.prevent.from 阻止；制止.阅读课文，匹配各段落大意Para.1(C)A.The formation(形成) of the eart

9、h.Para.2(A) B.The importance of water for life.Para.3(B) C.A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.Para.4(E) D.The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.Para.5(D) E.The development of plants and animals on the earth.阅读课文，判断正(T)误(F)1.It was not until between 4.5 and 3.8

10、 billion years ago that people knew what the earth was to become.(T)2.Water began to appear on the surface of the earth before gases were produced.(F)3.The global warming will have a great effect on human beings.(T).课文阅读理解1.What began to appear on the earths surface when it cooled down?A.Water. B.Ga

11、ses. C.Acids.答案A2.From the last paragraph we can infer that the author is .A.confident B.sad C.concerned答案C3.What does the word “they” in the sentences “It exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and.” refer to?A.Planets.B.Fire and rock.C.

12、Gases.答案B4.Which is the right order of the development of life?A.Small clever animalsshellfishdinosaursmammals.B.Shellfishdinosaurssmall clever animalsmammals.C.Shellfishdinosaursmammalssmall clever animals.答案C5.Why were mammals different from other life forms?A.Because they gave birth to young baby

13、 animals and produced milk to feed them.B.Because they produced young generally by laying eggs.C.Because they were able to live on land as well as in the water.答案A.阅读课文，完成框架图.难句分析1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid glob

14、e.句式分析：这是一个复合句。what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语。what引导的名词性从句除了作主语外，还可以作宾语、表语等。自主翻译：随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到4538亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。2.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.句式分析：这是一个复合句。此处为连词so.that.引导的结果状语从句，其中从句中的it为形式主语，连词whether引导的从句为真正的主语。自主翻译：地球开始变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状

15、是否会继续存在下去。3.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.句式分析：这是一个复合句。第一个whether引导主语从句；第二个whether引导宾语从句。自主翻译：所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。1.violent 语境感悟(1)(教材P25)The earth became so violent that it was not clear wh

16、ether the shape would last or not.地球开始变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。(2)When the man got drunk，he became very violent.当喝醉酒时，这人变得很粗暴。(3)Whatever happens，we will never use violence.无论发生什么，我们决不会使用暴力。归纳拓展(1)violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的(2)violently adv.猛烈地；凶猛地(3)violence n.暴力；暴行；激情with violence猛烈地；强有力地take.by

17、violence强夺即时跟踪(1)用violent的正确形式填空Larry was in violent pain.As a result，he behaved violently and treated everything with violence.(2)完成句子为什么一些火山比另外一些火山喷发得更猛烈？Why are some volcanic eruptions more violent than others? 他昨天赶上了暴风雨。He was caught in a violent storm yesterday.2.unlike语境感悟(1)(教材P26)Water had a

18、lso appeared on other planets like Mars but，unlike the earth，it had disappeared later.在火星等其他行星上也出现了水，但不像在地球上一样，这些水后来消失了。(2)Its very unlike him to be so late.迟到这么久可实在不像他平时的作风。(3)He is likely to arrive a bit late.他可能会晚到一会儿。归纳拓展(1)unlike prep.与不同；不像；adj.不同的；相异的Its unlike sb.to do sth.做不像某人平常的样子(2)unlik

19、ely adj.不大可能发生的；未必会发生的(3)likely adj.可能的be likely to do sth.可能做某事Its likely that.有可能 图解助记即时跟踪(1)选词填空They are so unlike that nobody believes they are twins.Since their parents strongly disagree，they are unlikely to marry.He is more like his mother than his father.It is likely to rain.(2)完成句子有可能他不参加会议。

20、Its likely that he will not attend the meeting.今年秋天约翰可能在伦敦。John is likely to be in London this autumn.3.harmful语境感悟(1)(教材P26)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有

21、害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(2)This object gives off harmful gases which are harmful to our health.此物散发出损害我们健康的气体。(3)There is no harm in writing down your name on the form.在表格里写下你的名字不会有什么坏处。归纳拓展(1)harmful adj.有害的be harmful to.对有害(2)harmless adj.无害的(3)harm n.损害；伤害；vt.对有害；伤害；损害do sb.harm(good)/do harm(good)to sb.对

22、某人有害(好)处There is no harm in doing sth.做某事无害处即时跟踪(1)同义句转换Watching TV too much does harm to your eyes.Watching TV too much is harmful to your eyes.Asking your teachers for advice more often does no harm to you.There is no harm in asking your teachers for advice more often.(2)完成句子这种药对儿童有害，却对成年人没有什么害处。T

23、he medicine is harmful to/does harm to children but does no harm to adults.4.exist语境感悟(1)(教材P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了1亿4千多万年。(2)There exists a tall tree in front of my home.在我家门前有一棵很高的树。(3)Do you know when this kind of robot came in

24、to existence?你知道这种机器人是什么时候问世的吗？归纳拓展(1)exist vi.存在；生存exist in.存在于中exist on.靠生活/生存There exists.存在；有(2)existence n.存在；生活in existence现存的；现有的come into existence产生；成立；开始存在注意：exist没有被动语态和进行时。 即时跟踪单句语法填空(1)He doesnt believe in the existence(exist) of ghosts(鬼).(2)Dinosaurs existed(exist) on the earth a long

25、 time ago.(3)Similar problems exist in other countries as well.(4)It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income.5.puzzle语境感悟(1)(教材P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球上生命的起源是科学家们难以解决的最大难题之一。(2)Im in a puzzle as to how to get alo

26、ng with him.对于如何和他相处我感到困惑。(3)What puzzled me was why they had such a violent quarrel.令我不解的是他们为什么发生了如此激烈的争吵。归纳拓展(1)puzzle n.谜；难题；vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难be in a puzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的(3)puzzled adj.感到迷惑的be puzzled about对迷惑不解 图解助记即时跟踪(1)用puzzle的正确形式填空The girl looke

27、d at her mother with a puzzled expression，which suggested that the problem was quite puzzling.(2)完成句子这个学生为下一步做什么而伤透了脑筋。The student was puzzled about what to do next.事实上，困扰你的事情对于很多中国的父母来说也是一个难题。What puzzles you is actually a puzzle to many parents in China.(3)单句改错The look on her face suggested she wa

28、s uncertain about the math problem.1.in time语境感悟(1)(教材P25)They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。(2)Fortunately，the firefighters arrived in time to save the child trapped in the bu

29、ilding.幸运的是，消防员及时赶到救下被困在大楼里的孩子。(3)At no time in his life has he been braver than in that case.他一生中从来没有像那一回那么勇敢。归纳拓展in time及时；终于；迟早；总有一天on time准时；按时at a time一次；每次at one time曾经；一度at times有时；偶尔in no time马上；立刻at no time绝不(置于句首时，句子常用倒装)即时跟踪(1)选词填空I feel him a little stubborn at times.Fortunately，a soldie

30、r came to rescue in time to save the drowning boy.Hurry up！The concert will begin in no time.At no time will I give in to the difficulty.(2)单句改错I must hurry，because I want to get home time to see the football match on TV.You can only borrow two books from the library at time.2.give birth to语境感悟(1)(教

31、材P26)These animals were different from all life forms in the past，because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.这些动物不同于以往所有的生命形态，因为它们能生产幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。(2)The scientists experiments gave birth to a new drug.那位科学家的实验产生了一种新药。(3)She is English by birth but French by marriage.她是英

32、国血统，但嫁给了法国人。归纳拓展give birth to产生；分娩by birth出生；血统；天生地at birth一出生；出生时即时跟踪(1)完成句子无休止的选择让人们在生活中产生了焦虑。The endless choices give birth to anxiety in peoples lives.据说杰克逊生来就是黑人。Jackson was said to be a black man by birth.(2)单句改错The baby weighed seven pounds birth.3.in ones turn语境感悟(1)(教材P26)Thus they have，in

33、their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.于是，它们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。(2)It will be in Toms turn to be on duty tomorrow.明天轮到汤姆值日。(3)All theories are from practice and in turn serve practice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。归纳拓展in ones turn轮到某人；接着in turn依次；轮流；相应地；转而；反过来by turns轮流；交替take turns to do/in

34、 doing sth.轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事即时跟踪(1)用适当的介词填空They should take turns in looking after their old mother.We do some cleaning by turns.(2)完成句子更为重要的是，我觉得该是我开始照顾父亲的时候了。More importantly，I found it was my turn to start looking after my father.他们接着为这项计划提了一些建议。They，in their turn, gave some ad

35、vice for the plan.4.prevent.from.语境感悟(1)(教材P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这就使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。(2)Generally，parents dont permit their kids to do dangerous things，so they always prevent the

36、kids from taking chances.一般来说，父母不允许孩子做危险的事情，因此他们总是阻止孩子们去冒险。归纳拓展阻止做某事keep sb.doing.使某人一直做protect.from/against.保护不受侵袭(from/against后接能带来伤害或损害之物)注意：在被动语态中，表示“阻止某人做某事”的三个短语都不能省略from。即时跟踪(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空Soldiers have been sent to prevent the fire (from) spreading(spread) to the next building.I dont want to

37、 be here any longer；they have kept us waiting(wait) for them for a long time.(2)完成句子他们被阻止进入燃烧着的大楼。They were stopped/prevented/kept from entering the burning building.纸板箱不利于防止货物受损。Cardboard cases are not good at protecting the goods from/against damage.害怕(失败)使他不敢尝试。Fear prevented him from trying.(201

38、5天津)(3)单句改错The plan can be prevented being carried out.由whether引导的名词性从句语境感悟(1)(教材P26)So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。(2)Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard y

39、ou work at it.你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。(3)It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.明天他是否去北京还不确定。归纳拓展教材原句是复合句，句中两个whether分别引导了两个名词性从句，前者为主语从句，后者为宾语从句。使用whether而不用if的情况：主从表从同位从，if不用whether用；discuss和介词后，whether用来引宾从；不定式，or not后面跟，whether独能显神通；宾从如是否定句，if发挥其功能。即时跟踪(1)完成句子我不会问你问题来检查你是否读懂了这些书。I am not g

40、oing to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not.(2015浙江)我们下周是否进行检测考试尚未确定。Whether well have a quiz next week remains to be seen.(2)单句改错I havent decided to buy the car. he attends the meeting，Ill tell you about it on the phone. .单句语法填空1.Multiplying(multiply) very fast，rab

41、bits soon became the largest family of all the animals in this woods.2.I was puzzled(puzzle) about how to handle the situation.3.The thief attached me violently(violent) and I was knocked down before I could ask for help.4.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth，what our astronauts desire t

42、o do is walking in space.5.Do they exist on vegetable food?.选词填空1.According to a UN report，the globe is becoming warmer and warmer.2.The animal gives birth to young baby animal in the ocean.3.There was a traffic jam；as a result，I was late for school.4.He braked(刹) his car just in time to avoid an ac

43、cident.5.I was prevented from attending the meeting by a cold.同义句转换1.He is so warmhearted a person as we all admire.He is so warmhearted a person that we all admire him.2.Whether well pay a visit to the temple depends on the weather.It depends on the weather whether well pay a visit to the temple.3.

44、My father usually walks in the park after supper.This is his habit.My father makes it his habit to walk in the park after supper.4.The teachers words had a good effect on the children.What the teacher said had a good effect on the children.5.The fire lasted for a whole night and this caused great da

45、mage.The fire lasted for a whole night，which caused great damage.课文语法填空As the result of “Big Bang”， the violent earth slowly settled into a globe 1.moving(move) around the sun.The gases 2.which/that were to make the earths atmosphere came into being from the explosion of the dust ball，with water 3.f

46、ollowing(follow) them while the earth cooled down.It allowed the beginning of life.Many millions of years 4.later(late), the first 5.extremely (extreme) small plants began to appear 6.on the surface of the water,7.multiplying(multiply) and filling the seas and oceans，which encouraged the later devel

47、opment of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.8.As time passed，green plants taking in carbon dioxide and producing oxygen came to land and grew into forest.Later the chains of lives continued，such as insects，amphibians，reptiles，dinosaurs and mammals，the typical of 9.which is human being.They not o

48、nly do good to the earth 10.but cause damage to it. .语境填词A)根据汉语或首字母提示，写出所缺单词1.A bird lays(产下) eggs in the nest it has built.2.Some small plants multiplying(增加) in the lake destroyed the fish in it.3.Children should not be allowed to watch violent movies.4.Computer hackers have broken down security s

49、ystems(系统)，raising questions about the safety of information.5.The expert wants to find out why this sand is unlike(不同于) the sand on the other side of the island.B)填写空白处所需的内容(1个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式6.Your smoking can be harmful(harm) to the health of your children.7.It is unlikely(like) that we shall find

50、a cafe there，so lets take sandwiches.8.The heavy rain made it impossible for us to arrive on time.9.The development of a planet generally depends on atoms combining together.10.What puzzles me most is why he left the meeting without telling anyone.阅读理解Who knows about sleep？Astronauts.They have to.Th

51、eir bodies are cut off from the outside world that reminds us what time it is.But actually，its even worse than that.An astronaut reported in his diary that he was likely to make mistakes on days following an unusually late bedtime.So NASA started doing some serious research.They quickly realized tha

52、t were a slave to the outside world.Without light and darkness，were unable to regulate (管理) sleep times.Because of modern technology，were all living more like astronauts now.Light is no longer a function of the sun，but of alwayson indoor lights，TV and computer screens.Temperature no longer follows a

53、 cycle of cooling at night and warming during the day.Is it any wonder that a third of Americans have sleep problems?Maybe you think this doesnt affect youor at least not much.Youre wrong.Research done on nonastronauts has shown the same thing.After two weeks of six hours of sleep a night，youre drun

54、k.By the end of two weeks，the sixhour sleepers behaved as badly as those who hadnt slept for 24 hours.But what did they say when asked how they felt? “Its not affecting me.” So if you are performing poorly because of sleep problems，you may have no idea.This is a real problem.So what answers did NASA

55、 come up with?Take an hour to calm down before bed.Yes，youre busy.But your time is not more valuable than an astronauts.Keep your bedroom dark，cool and free from noise.Even if you think “the light doesnt affect you” or “the noise isnt that bad”，it can still affect sleep quality.Another advice：forget

56、 the alarm clock (闹钟) in the morning; set an alarm to remind you to go to bed at night.When it goes off，finish up any work on the computer，and turn off any unnecessary lights.This prevents you from cheating yourself on sleep and allows you to wake up naturally.11.What did NASA find about peoples sle

57、ep?A.It takes a long time to develop regular sleep times.B.Its strongly influenced by the outside world.C.It remains untouched by outside influences.D.Its hard to change ones sleep habits.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“They quickly realized that were a slave to the outside world.Without light and darkness，were

58、 unable to regulate (管理) sleep times.”可知，人的睡眠受外界环境的影响，故选B。12.The biggest problem of those who havent enough sleep lies in the fact that .A.they cant fall asleep without the lights onB.they dont know whether they sleep wellC.they refuse to regulate their sleep timesD.they get too drunk to sleep well答

59、案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容和第五段的“So if you are performing poorly because of sleep problems，you may have no idea.This is a real problem.”可知，长期缺少睡眠使人们在日常生活中表现不好，但是自己却意识不到，这是最大的问题，故选B。13.What does the underlined sentence in the text mean?A.You should make full use of your time.B.You can find the time to get re

60、ady to sleep.C.You can sleep later to finish your work first.D.You should learn from astronauts way of sleep.答案B解析推理判断题。根据上文的“Take an hour to calm down before bed.”可知，这句话的意思是：虽然你很忙，但你的时间总没有宇航员的珍贵。所以人们应该花些时间为入睡做准备，故选B。14.Whats the advice on the alarm clock?A.Use it to remind you to sleep.B.Put it far

61、 away from your bed.C.Get up immediately when it rings.D.Pay no attention to it when it rings.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“forget the alarm clock (闹钟) in the morning; set an alarm to remind you to go to bed at night.”可知，作者建议人们用闹钟提醒睡觉的时间到了，故选A。.完形填空Scientists find that hardworking people live longer than ave

62、rage men and women. Career women are 15 than housewives. Evidence shows that 16 are in poorer health than the jobholders. A study shows 17 the unemployment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increases correspondingly(相应地) by 2%. All this 18 to one point：Work is helpful to health. Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy， 19 loneliness and solitude (孤独). Researches show that people feel unhappy， 20 and lonely when they have not