人教版高中英语必修五Unit1

《人教版高中英语必修五Unit1》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《人教版高中英语必修五Unit1（55页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、 一、帮你归纳 1characteristic adj.典型的，独特的，特有的n特征，特性，特点，品质 character n(人的)品质，性格；(事物的)特点，特征；人物，角色；汉字，字体 characterize v具有的特征；描述的特征 characterless adj.无特色的；无个性的；平凡的 辨析：characteristic，feature与character必修必修Unit 1 Great scientists课堂考点清障课堂考点清障考点考点1.Who put forward a theory about black holes?(Page 1)They put forwar

2、d some practical plans at the meeting.他们在会上提出一些很实际的计划。他们在会上提出一些很实际的计划。用法归纳用法归纳put forward提出；推荐提出；推荐put down=write down写下写下put down as视为；看作视为；看作put in打断；插嘴打断；插嘴put off延期；推迟延期；推迟3.Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了黑洞的理论谁提出了黑洞的理论?put forward(1)to offer(an idea,suggestion etc.)for considera

3、tion 提出提出(建议等建议等)(2)推荐某人或自己任职位推荐某人或自己任职位;提名提名May I put your name forward as our monitor?我能否提名你当我们我能否提名你当我们的班长的班长?put away 抛弃抛弃;舍弃舍弃 put down 写下来写下来;记入名单记入名单;put on 穿上穿上;戴上戴上;增加增加 put off 耽误耽误;延期延期put out 熄灭熄灭(灯灯);扑灭扑灭(火火)put up 建立建立;建造建造put up with 忍受忍受 You can take anything from the shelf and read,

4、but please _ the books when youve finished with them.A.put on B.put down C.put back D.put off 8put forward提出；建议；推荐；提出；建议；推荐；将将提前提前 Who put_forward a theory about black holes？(回归课本回归课本P1)要点导航要点导航 put sth.aside忽视；不理睬；忘记忽视；不理睬；忘记 put sth.away将将收起；把收起；把放回放回原处；积蓄原处；积蓄 put sth.back将将放回；推迟；拨慢放回；推迟；拨慢(钟表指针钟

5、表指针)put sth.down记下；镇压记下；镇压 put sth.in安装；插入；插话安装；插入；插话 put sth.off延期，推迟延期，推迟 put sth.on穿上；演出穿上；演出 put sth.out熄灭，扑灭熄灭，扑灭 put sb./sth.through.接通电话接通电话 put sth.up举起；张贴，公布；挂起；建举起；张贴，公布；挂起；建造造 3analyse vt.分析；研究，观察并了解某事物 analysis nlsIs n分析 analyst n分析者，化验员 analytic adj.分析的；解析的 analytical adj.分析的，解析的，分析性的 提

6、示：复数形式analyses nlsiz请特别注意，单复数只有一个字母之差。We should consider all these factors in coming to draw a conclusion.我们需要综合考虑这些因素以便我们得出结论。我们需要综合考虑这些因素以便我们得出结论。用法归纳用法归纳conclude vt.结束；推断出结束；推断出 draw a conclusion得出结论得出结论to conclude使结束；完毕；最后使结束；完毕；最后对应训练对应训练(1)The doctor _(断定断定)that the patients disease was only a

7、 cold.(2)To _(最后最后),I wish you all good health and a long life.(3)From his appearance we may safely _ (得出得出结论结论)that he is a heavy smoker.concludeconcludedconclude.重点词汇及短语 1conclude vt.&vi.断定；推断出；使结束，终止；达成；缔结(协定)Draw a conclusion.(回归课本P1)(2)conclusion n结束；结论 in conclusion最后；总之 arrive at/come to/draw

8、/reach a conclusion得出结论 come to a conclusion that.所得结论是(4)法官下结论说，那人有罪。法官下结论说，那人有罪。(汉译英；汉译英；guilty)_考点考点3.John Snow defeats“King Cholera”(Page 2)Our men were heavily defeated in the battle.我军在此战役中受到重创。我军在此战役中受到重创。用法归纳用法归纳defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫打败；战胜；使受挫be defeated by被被击败击败defeat n.失败失败failure n.失败失败对应训练对

9、应训练(1)The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza,_(但是他被击败了但是他被击败了(2)I never consider _(有失败的可有失败的可 能性能性).the possibility of defeatThe judge concluded that the man was guilty.but he was defeated用法归纳用法归纳blame vt.责备；谴责责备；谴责blame n.过失；责备过失；责备blame sth.on sb.某事归咎于某人某事归咎于某人blame sb.for sth.某事归咎于某人某事归咎于某人take

10、 the blame for承担责任承担责任 be to blame应受谴责应受谴责对应训练对应训练(1)They _(怪罪怪罪)the secretary for the delay of the plan.(2)We were not sure about _(该责怪谁该责怪谁).(3)Which driver _(对事故负对事故负 责责)?(4)孩子们不应受到谴责。孩子们不应受到谴责。(汉译英汉译英)_The children were not to blame blamedwho was to blamewas to blame for the accident 6blame v责备，

11、谴责；把责备，谴责；把归咎于；归咎于；n.过失；过失；责备责备 It seemed the water was to blame.(回归课本回归课本P2)要点导航要点导航 blame sb.for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人因为某事责备某人/责备责备某人做了某事某人做了某事 blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人把某事归咎于某人 be to blame(for)应应(为为)承担责任；该承担责任；该(为为)受受责备责备(此处不能用被动语态此处不能用被动语态)accept/bear/take the blame for sth.对某事负责任对某事负责任 put/lay

12、 the blame for sth.on sb.将某事归咎于某人将某事归咎于某人 9blame vt.责备；谴责；归咎于n.责怪；(过错、失败等等)责任 blame sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而指责某人 blame sth.on sb.因某事而指责某人 sb.be to blame for(doing)sth.因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责/应负责 scold sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而责备某人(3)_(政府宣布政府宣布)that they would build a new highway to the mountain.(4)他们刚刚宣布订婚。他们

13、刚刚宣布订婚。(汉译英；汉译英；engagement)_考点考点10.Apart from the construction mentioned above,you have also learned the following phrases.(Page 4)Apart from their house in London,they also have a villa in Spain.他们在伦敦有房子，此外在西班牙还有一座别墅。他们在伦敦有房子，此外在西班牙还有一座别墅。用法归纳用法归纳apart from除除之外；此外之外；此外apart from远离，和远离，和不在一起不在一起besi

14、des prep.除除之外之外in addition to除除之外之外Theyve just announced their engagement.The government announced(2)to take good care of(a sick person,for example)照看照看,照料照料.如如:医生照看病人医生照看病人.The doctor attendedattended the patients.(3)to be present at 出席出席,到场到场.如如:attendattend school 上学上学attendattend a lecture 听讲座听讲

15、座attendattend church 去教堂去教堂attendattend(at)a wedding 出席婚礼出席婚礼2.attend2.attend 1)1)专心专心 ,处理处理 attend to sthattend to sth.2 2）照顾）照顾 attend to sb./sthattend to sb./sth 3)3)治疗，护理治疗，护理,照料照料attend(on)sb.attend(on)sb.4 4）出席，参加）出席，参加 attend a meetingattend a meeting attend school (attend school (入学）入学）He at

16、tended to his business.He attended to his business.If you go out,who will attend to the baby?If you go out,who will attend to the baby?I didnt attend his wedding on Sunday because I I didnt attend his wedding on Sunday because I was too busy.was too busy.他专心于他的事务。他专心于他的事务。如果你出去，谁照顾婴儿呢？如果你出去，谁照顾婴儿呢？星

17、期天我没出席他的婚礼因为太忙了。星期天我没出席他的婚礼因为太忙了。4attend vt.出席，参加(be present at)attend a meeting/conference 参加会议 attend a lecture 听演讲 attend school/classes 上学/听课 v照顾，看护，服侍 attend(on/upon)the sick 看护病人 attend to a customer 接待顾客 vi.注意；专心于 attend to 专心于 用作不及物动词时，常跟介词to，再接宾语。attend a lecture/a movie听演讲/看电影 attend schoo

18、l/class上学/上课 attend a meeting参加会议 attend on/upon sb.伺候某人，照顾某人 attend to sb./sth.处理；注意倾听；专心于；照料发散思维：发散思维：exposed adj.暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的无掩蔽的exposedness n.暴露，显露暴露，显露开放思维开放思维:expose to 使易受，使受使易受，使受 expose sth to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下把某事暴露于光天化日之下 expose a fraud 揭穿骗局揭穿骗局8.Next,John Snow

19、looked into the source of the water for these two streets.其次，约翰其次，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。look into 看看.里面；里面；to investigate 检查；检查；了解。了解。如：如：Well look intolook into this matter together.我们将一起调查这个问题。我们将一起调查这个问题。开放思维：开放思维：look on 观看，面向，旁观，看待观看，面向，旁观，看待look out 面朝，留神，照料面朝，留神，照料look over 从上面看，察看，检查从

20、上面看，察看，检查look around 环顾，观光，察看环顾，观光，察看look through 看穿，审核，浏览，温习看穿，审核，浏览，温习look up and down 仔细打量，到处寻找仔细打量，到处寻找look after 寻求，照顾，关心寻求，照顾，关心 10link.to.把与连接起来(常用被动语态，表示状态)link up(with)连接，结合 link.with.把与连接/相联系 join.to.把与连接/联合 connect.to.把与相联系 connect.with.把与相联系/关联linkto.把把与与连接；联系连接；联系 如：如：Fingerprints linke

21、dlinked the suspect to to the crime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。be linked to 连接连接 如：如：The two towns are linkedlinked by a railway.make sensemake sense 讲得通；有道理讲得通；有道理 1)1)看这里，读这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。看这里，读这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。Here,read the sentence.It doesnt seem to make sensemake sense.2)2)你编的故事我听不明白你编的故事我听不明白。Your

22、story doesnt make sensemake sense to me.10make sense有意义；有道理；讲得有意义；有道理；讲得通通 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make_sense.(回归课本回归课本P6)要点导航要点导航 make sense of理解，明白理解，明白 make no sense没道理；没意义没道理；没意义 There is no sense in doing sth.做做没道理没道理 in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义

23、来说在某一方面；就某种意义来说 in no sense决不是，决非决不是，决非 14make sense v有道理，讲得通，有意义 make no sense 讲不通 make sense(out)of sth.了解的意义 a sense of humour 幽默感 a sense of direction/duty 方向感/责任感 common sense 常识 a man of good sense 通情达理的人the way of doing sth.=the way to do “做做.的方法的方法”She showed us the way of cleaning it.=She s

24、howed us the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法她给我们示范清洗它的办法.the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种引导的定语从句的引导词有三种,可以用可以用that;可以用可以用in which;还可以省略还可以省略.I dont like the way(that/in which)you speak to your father.我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式.与与way相关的短语相关的短语:by the way 顺便说顺便说 by way of 通过通过的方法的方法lose ones way 迷路迷路 no way (俚语俚语

25、)没门没门,别想别想feel ones way 摸黑走摸黑走,谨慎从事谨慎从事on ones way to在去在去的路上的路上in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法用这种方法6.controlv v.统治，控制统治，控制 He tried to control his anger.He tried to control his anger.他尽量控制自己的愤怒。他尽量控制自己的愤怒。n.n.统治，控制统治，控制 ,掌握掌握 in control ofin control of指导；支配指导；支配 He was in control of

26、the car.他负责这辆小汽车。他负责这辆小汽车。under the control ofunder the control of 被被控制着控制着(go)out of control (go)out of control 失控失控q 他的钱是由他妻子掌管的。他的钱是由他妻子掌管的。q 那辆车失去控制撞在墙上。那辆车失去控制撞在墙上。His money is under the control of his wife.His money is under the control of his wife.The car went out of control and hit the wall.

27、The car went out of control and hit the wall.7control v&n抑制，克制；控制；掌管抑制，克制；控制；掌管 He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.(回归课本回归课本P2)要点导航要点导航 be/get under control在在控制下控制下 be/get out of control失去控制，不能操纵失去控制，不能操纵 lose control of sth.失去对失去对的控制的控制 take control of sth.管理，管辖；控制管理，管辖；

28、控制 beyond control无法控制无法控制 have(no)control over/of.(不不)能控制能控制7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无故地繁殖着故地繁殖着.(Suggest 用法参考用法参考P43.4,并完成相关的练习并完成相关的练习)8.absorb v.吸收吸收(液体液体);承受承受;承担承担(费用等费用等)Use the cloth to absorb the spilled ink.吸干撒的

29、墨水吸干撒的墨水We will not absorb these charges.我们不能承担这些费用我们不能承担这些费用.absorbin/by.吸引注意吸引注意 I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear you call.专心专心看书看书absorbinto吸收吸收The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。些小的公司吞并了。7.absorb vt.吸引；吸收；使专心吸引

30、；吸收；使专心【语境强化【语境强化】（1）Black clothing absorbs light.（2）The task absorbed all his energies.【常用搭配【常用搭配】be absorbed in absorb oneself in 全神贯注于 The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.be absorbed into 被吞并到 7absorb vt.吸收吸收(液体、气体液体、气体)；耗费；承受，；耗费；承受，承担；吸引，使专心；理解承担；吸引，使专心；理解 提示：提示：absorb 是及物动词，因此后面必须跟宾是及

31、物动词，因此后面必须跟宾语，其宾语可以是语，其宾语可以是sth.或或sb.，也可以是反身代，也可以是反身代词词oneself。absorbability n可吸收性可吸收性 absorbable adj.易被吸收的易被吸收的 absorbing adj.吸引人的吸引人的 be absorbed by 被被吞并；为吞并；为所吸收所吸收 be absorbed in 全神贯注在全神贯注在；一心从事，；一心从事，热衷于热衷于 absorb sbs attention 吸引某人注意吸引某人注意8.severe =serious =serious 严厉的，严格的严厉的，严格的 =very harmful

32、 =very harmful 剧烈的剧烈的 be severe with=be strict with be severe with=be strict with 对对要求严格要求严格 His severe looks frightened me.His severe looks frightened me.他的严厉表情使我恐慌。他的严厉表情使我恐慌。He has a severe pain in his leg.He has a severe pain in his leg.他的脚痛得厉害。他的脚痛得厉害。q 他对自己要求很严格。他对自己要求很严格。He is very severe wit

33、h himself.He is very severe with himself.8severe adj.(人、纪律)严厉的，严格的；(疼痛)剧烈的 be severe with 对要求严格 be strict with 对要求严格 be severe on/upon 对很严厉 severe looks 严肃的神色 a severe wound 重伤 a severe winter 严冬9.valuable 9.valuable a a.贵重的，重要的，有用的贵重的，重要的，有用的 be valuable to sb.be valuable to sb.对某人有价值对某人有价值 be valu

34、able for sthbe valuable for sth.对对有用有用 value value n n.价值价值 valuable=of great value valuable=of great value q 他给我们提供了宝贵的信息。他给我们提供了宝贵的信息。q这本书对我的学习很有价值。这本书对我的学习很有价值。q 电脑对储存资料很有用。电脑对储存资料很有用。He provided us with valuable information.He provided us with valuable information.This book is valuable to me in

35、my studies.This book is valuable to me in my studies.This book is of great value to me in my studies.This book is of great value to me in my studies.Computer is valuable for storing information.Computer is valuable for storing information.11.handle11.handlen.n.把手，把手，柄柄 v.v.操作，操作，处理，管理，处理，管理，拿拿 the h

36、andle of the doorthe handle of the door handle the businesshandle the business handle an argument handle an argument handle the food handle the food 门的把手门的把手管理业务管理业务处理一场争论处理一场争论拿食物拿食物 要点导航 instruction n教授；指导；用法说明(书)，操作指南(常用复数)instructive adj.说明性的，指示性的；有教育意义的 instructor n辅导员，讲师 be instructed to do st

37、h.被指示做某事 instruct sb.in sth.在某方面指导某人 instruct后接that从句时，从句中的动词形式用shoulddo形式，should可以省略。12instruct vt.命令；指示；教导 instruct sb.to do 命令某人做某事 instruct sb.in sth.在某方面指导某人 instruct sb.how to do 指导某人如何做某事 提示：instruct意为“命令”时，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要用“should动词原形”，should可省略；instruction意为“说明书；用法指南”时，在句中常以复数形式出现。要点导航(1)contr

38、ibute.to.把贡献给 contribute to为作出贡献；把时间投入；有助于；导致(2)contribution n捐献物；贡献；捐款；稿件 make a contribution to对作出贡献 contribution to对的贡献(3)contributor n撰稿人；捐助人；促成物 6cure vt.治愈，治疗；n.疗法，治疗药 cure sb.of 治好(病、恶习等)a cure for 治疗的方法 remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事 inform sb.of sth.告诉某人某事 convince sb.of sth.说服某人某事 15cautious caut

39、ious作形容词，意为“谨慎的；非常小心的；细心的”，其后常用介词about/with/of。辨析：careful/cautious careful的意思是“小心；仔细的；谨慎的”，表示很注意细节，行为小心以避免错误。cautious的意思是“十分小心的；谨慎的”，意义相近，但它表示的是所有方面都仔细考虑之后才采取行为，带有迟疑、提防等心理。16reject vt.抛开；丢掉；拒绝，抵制n.被拒绝或抛弃的人或物 reject a gift/a possibility/an opinion/a suggestion 拒绝接受一件礼物/一种可能性/一条意见/一项建议 reject a reques

40、t 拒绝请求 reject ones idealist view 去掉唯心的观点 rejects from an officers training course 军官培训课程不合格者 二、帮你解疑二、帮你解疑 1Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.约翰约翰斯诺马上叫宽街上斯诺马上叫宽街上惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不

41、成了。就用不成了。immediately adv.立刻，马上；直接地；紧接立刻，马上；直接地；紧接地地 conj.一一就就 He lay down and was asleep immediately.他躺下，很快就睡着了。他躺下，很快就睡着了。提示：“一就”的几种表达形式：the minute/moment/instant.onv.ing/n.as soon as hardly/scarcely.when.no sooner.than.directly I recognized her the minute I saw her.我一看见她就把她认出来了。知识拓展 The young teac

42、her infected the whole class with her enthusiasm.这位年轻的老师以她的热忱感染了全班。知识拓展 4spin 1)v.(1)(sth.)(round/around)(使)快速旋转 The revolving sign was spinning round and round in the wind.旋转的标志牌在风中打着旋儿。(2)(round/around)(使)急转身，猛转回头，急转弯 She spun round to catch the ball.她飞快地转身接球。(3)(A into B)|(B from A)纺(线)，纺(纱)She s

43、pins goats hair into wool.She spins wool from goats hair.她把山羊毛纺成毛线。(4)驾车飞驰，疾驰 He spun the wheel of his bicycle.他骑着自行车疾弛。(5)(蚕、蜘蛛等)吐(丝)；作(茧)；结(网)The spider was spinning a web.蜘蛛在结网。5enthusiastic adj.(about sth.)|(about doing sth.)热情的，热心的，热烈的，满腔热忱的 Although too old to work much,the retired worker is v

44、ery enthusiastic about neighbourhood affairs.虽因年老不能多操劳，但这个退休工人对社区工作非常热心。She was even less enthusiastic about going to Spain.她对去西班牙更是不感兴趣。知识拓展 1)be enthusiastic about sth.对某事很热衷，热爱 Hes always been enthusiastic about sports.他一直对运动很热衷。2)be crazy/nuts about sb./sth.对某人很迷恋；对某事很热衷，很狂热 Hes crazy/nuts about

45、 basketball.他热爱篮球。3)enthusiasm n.热心，热情，狂热 enthusiast n.热衷于的人，爱好者 enthusiastically adv.热情地，热烈地So when another outbreak hit London in 1854,he wasready to begin his enquiry.因此，在因此，在 1854 年伦敦再次爆发霍乱年伦敦再次爆发霍乱时，约翰时，约翰斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。9enquiry n.点拨点拨(1)意为意为“询问询问”时，后常与时，后常与 about 连用。如：连用。如：I have be

46、en making some enquiries about it.我一直在打听这件事情。我一直在打听这件事情。(2)意为意为“调查；研究调查；研究”时，常与时，常与 into 连用。如：连用。如：We should call for a public enquiry into the case.我们应该要求公开我们应该要求公开调查这个案件。调查这个案件。6suspect vt.怀疑；不信任怀疑；不信任n嫌疑犯；可疑对象嫌疑犯；可疑对象suspect sth.怀疑某事怀疑某事suspect thatclause怀疑怀疑suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人有某种罪行或做过某事怀疑某人有某种罪行或做过某事suspect sb.to be.猜想某人是猜想某人是