大学英语级写作的技巧

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1、WritingCET40分白卷或抄袭2分分条理不清，思路紊乱，严重错误多条理不清，思路紊乱，严重错误多5分分基本切题，较多的严重语言错误基本切题，较多的严重语言错误8分分基本切题，有一些严重语言错误基本切题，有一些严重语言错误11分分切题，思想清楚，文字连贯，少量语言切题，思想清楚，文字连贯，少量语言 错误错误14切题，思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好，切题，思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好，基本无语言错误基本无语言错误评分标准评分标准写作体裁写作体裁 议论文与说明文议论文与说明文 Is a Test of spoken English NecessaryMy View on OpportunityC

2、an Money Buy HappinessHow to Succeed in Job InterviewHow I Finance My College EducationChanges in Peoples Diet题型题型 1.提纲作文提纲作文2 2 提示作文提示作文 3 3 图表、图画作文图表、图画作文 写作技巧之审题写作技巧之审题六问审题法：六问审题法：4 写作重点是什么？（特点？）写作重点是什么？（特点？）5 什么写作角度？（第几人称？）什么写作角度？（第几人称？）6 有无其他要求？（是否对时间、地有无其他要求？（是否对时间、地点、数量等方面有具体限制？）点、数量等方面有具体限制？

3、）1 什么文体？什么文体？2 写作对象是谁？（某人、某物、写作对象是谁？（某人、某物、问题？）问题？）3 写作中心是什么？（主题？）写作中心是什么？（主题？）例：Harmfulness of Fake Commodities写作技巧之提纲写作技巧之提纲1 写关键词，不写关联词写关键词，不写关联词2 写短语，不写句子写短语，不写句子3 写中心思想，不写例子写中心思想，不写例子Example:Harmfulness of Fake CommoditiesPara1:Fake commodities in every fieldPara2:damage to the producers A:Grea

4、t economic loss to the producers B:Damage the credibility of the genuine productsPara3:Harm to the consumers A:Lower prices with lower quality B:Even endanger the lives of the consumers C:No free services after salePara4:how to solve the problem A:producers.B:consumers.写作技巧之开篇写作技巧之开篇1 定义法example1:On

5、 ModestyModesty is a virtue which means having a lower opinion than is probably deserved,of ones own ability,knowledge,skill,and success.example 2:Self-confidenceSelf-confidence means trust in ones own ability.From my point of view,as a very important psychological quality,it brings your creative po

6、wer to play,arouses your enthusiasm for work and helps you overcome difficulties.When asked for the secret of her success,Mme.Curie answered:“My success lies in perseverance and self-confidence,the latter in particular.”On PatriotismPatriotism means the love of ones country.It makes one ready to sac

7、rifice ones life for ones country and to do many other deeds which can bring benefits to the people.The effect is very great when it is exercised by all the people of a country.It makes a country strong,and her history glorious.It also improves a mans character and secures for him a widespread fame.

8、2 背景导入法（背景导入法（现象法现象法）引出要剖析的现象或者引出要剖析的现象或者问题问题,然后评论然后评论.1.Recently the rise in problem of/（phenomenon of）has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.2.Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of has been brought into focus.（has been braught to public attention）3.Inflation/Corru

9、ption/Social inequality is yet another of thenew and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.1.Nowadays there is a growing concern over the issue/problem 2.In recent years,manyhave been faced/confronted with the problem 3.One of the most popular topics people often talk about today is 4

10、.With the(rapid)development of the society/science and technology,more and more 5.With the improvement of peoples living condition/standard,more and more3 观点法观点法（主题句法主题句法）-开门见山开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的 问题的看法问题的看法 1.Never history has the change of been as evident as Nowhere in the world/China

11、 has the issue/idea of been more visible/popular than2.Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/（be aware）that3.Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessityto Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of.4.Perhaps it is

12、time to have a fresh look at the attitude/ideathatOn Happiness Happiness is easy to find and easy to miss.It depends on the way you look at life.It is true for most people that,for most of life,nothing wonderful happens.If you do not enjoy getting up and studying,and finishing your work and sitting

13、down to a meal with family or friends,then the chances are you are not going to be very happy.If someone bases his happiness or unhappiness on major events like a great new job,huge amount of money,a flawless lover or spouse or an American passport,that person is not going to be happy much of the ti

14、me.If,on the other hand,happiness depends on a good breakfast,flowers in the garden,a drink or a nap,then we are more likely to live with quite a bit of happiness.4 4 故事法故事法-先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣,引出文章的主题引出文章的主题 1.Once in（a newspaper），I read of/learnt The phenomenon of has aroused public

15、 concern.2.I have a friend who Should he？Such a dilemma we areoften confront with in our daily life.3.Once upon a time，there lived a man who This story may be（unbelievable），but it still has a realistic significance now.Eg.Six oclock yesterday(June 20th,Friday)afternoon when I was walking along the r

16、iverbank of our school,an unbelievable scene caught my eyes.5、引语法（、引语法（Quotation）：）：指通过在开头段引用一些与主题相关的名人名言、成语或谚语等来开始一篇文章。引语法可应用于各种文体。It is known to all that life is short.School life is still shorter.We can obtain many a thing more than once,but we cannot get back the lost time even once.An old sayin

17、g goes,“Art is long,but life is short.”We have only limited time to learn unlimited knowledge.(Make the Most of Our School Days)A proverb says,“Time is money.”But in my opinion,time is even more precious than money.Because when money is spent,we can earn it back;but when time is gone,it will never r

18、eturn.Thus we must value time.(The Value of time)There is a famous saying/proverb As an old saying goes As a proverb says In my opinion From my point of view In other words As we all know As is known to all6 6 对立法对立法:先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,适用于有争议性的主题.1.When asked about，the vast/overwhelming

19、majority of peoplesay that But I think/view a bit differently.2.When it comes to ，some people believe that Othersargue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true.There is probably some truthin both arguments/statements，but（I tend to the profer/latter）3.Now，it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/

20、acknowledgedthat They claim/believe/argue that But I wonder/doubt whether7 7、设问法（、设问法（Questions）:只用提出问题的方法来引出文章的主题，以激起读者的兴趣。设问法可用于各种文体。What Is SuccessWhat is success?Different people might give different answers to this question.Some people think that one is successful if he can make a great deal of

21、 money.Other people believe that success means holding an important government post.Still others consider one who has got a high academic title as success.Eg.Reading Selectively or Intensively?How should we read?Should we read selectively or extensively?Everyone has his own view.8数据法数据法：According to

22、 a recent survey,about 78.9%of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.Honesty:根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Living off Campus:根据最近的一项统计调查显示，35%的学生不住宿舍，而是在学校外面租房子住。Youth:根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。The latest statistics show that 扩展段的写法扩展段的写法 扩展段是一篇文

23、章的主体段。文章的主题在扩展段展开，常用的展开段落的方法有下面九种：列举法（Listing）举例说明法（Examples）因果关系法（Cause and effect）定义法（Definition）分类法（Classification）比较对照法（Comparison and contrast）时间顺序记叙法（Time order）空间顺序描述法（Space order）过程描述法（Process description）一、列举法（一、列举法（Listing）列举法）列举法 列举法是指在主题句之后列举一些足以支持主题句观点的具体细节。这种具体细节一般是事实描述、数据、例子等。一般来讲，所列举

24、的具体细节按照重要性递增的顺序排列。列举法常常和举例法结合起来使用。列举法常用的过渡词有以下几组。一般要相对呼应，不混用。1.First,second,third,last 2.firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally 3.the first,the second,the third,the last 4.to begin with/to start with/in the first place,then,next,in addition(to),besides,also,moreover,furthermore,what is more,finallyYesterd

25、ay was one of those awful days for me when everything I did went wrong.First,I didnt hear my alarm clock and arrived late for work.Then,I didnt read my diary properly and forgot to get to an important meeting with my boss.During the coffee break,I dropped my coffee cup and spoilt my new skirt.At lun

26、ch time,I left my purse on a bus and lost all the money that was in it.After lunch,my boss was angry because I hadnt gone to the meeting.Then I didnt notice a sign on a door that said Wet Paint and so I spoilt my jacket too.When I got home I couldnt get into my flat because I had left my key in my o

27、ffice.So I broke a window to get inand cut my hand.二、举例说明法（二、举例说明法（Examples）举例说明法是指用具体的事例来阐述主题句中的中心思想，举例说明法常与列举法结合使用。使用这种写作方法要注意所选事例应与文章主题密切相关，具有典型性和代表性。举例法常用的句型句式和词语有：This can be illustrated by An example of this is/involves can be illustrated/shown by the following examples/instances.There are man

28、y examples to show that One example is .Another example is The shows/illustrates For example,for instance,say,suppose,such as,such as,to provide a specific example,as an illustrationThere are many different forms of exercises to suit different tastes.For example,those who enjoy competitive sports ma

29、y take up ball games.For another example,if they prefer to exercise alone,they can have a run or take a walk in the morning or in the evening.Besides,people can go swimming in the summer and go skating in the winter.In short,no matter what their interests are,people can always find more than one spo

30、rts that are suitable to them.三、分类法（三、分类法（Classification）当要说明的事物比较复杂或包括的内容比较多时，常常将其分成更小的类别，这便是分类法。使用这种写作方法要注意分类的标准一定要明确，而且标准只有一个。分类法常用的句型句式有：1.may be classified into several types according to divided the following kinds on the basis of categorized two categories depending upon put three main groups

31、 2.consists of comprises 3.The classification is based upon 4.may be divided sub-divided further sub-divided四、比较对照法（Comparison and contrast）比较法是将人们熟悉的事物与其他事物放在一起分析其相似之处，比较的目的在于表现不同事物的相似之处；对照法则是将人们熟悉的事物与其他事物放在一起分析其不同之处，其目的在于表现同类事物的不同方面。两者强调的重点不同，但结构相似。常用的结构有两种：第一种称之为块式结构，假如比较的事物为A和B，文章首先把有关事物A的全部要讨论的

32、内容讨论完，再转入B事物。第二种结构称之为点式结构，即首先就事物A和事物B的要比较的内容的第一方面进行比较或对照，然后在比较或对照A和B的第二个方面，比较：Both A and B are A and B seem to have much in common.A and B seem to have some features in common.A is similar to B in There are a lot of similarities between A and B.A has something in common with B.A and B share similar

33、A shares some common features with B.A is like B in A is the same as B in Both,too,compare with,similarly,likewise,also,in comparison,just like,just as,also,both and,similar to 对照：A is different from B in A differs from B in There are many differences between A and B.A has nothing(little)in common w

34、ith B.The difference between A and B lies in Compared with A,B Unlike,on the contrary,in contrast,on the other hand,while,whereas,however,although 五、因果关系法五、因果关系法 因果关系法是通过分析事物的因果关系来展开段落。如果是一果多因的情况，一般先写结果后分析多种原因；如果是一因多果，一般实现写原因后写结果。运用因果分析法展开段落最好把主题句放在开头，这种段落展开方法的结构常见的有两种：即分块法和连环法。分块法指的是先说原因后说结果（一个原因引起

35、一个或多个结果）；或者先说结果后说原因（多个原因引起一个结果）。连环法指的是先叙述的一个原因及结果，再叙述第二个原因及结果，以此类推。因果关系常用的句型句式和词语有：原因：The explanation is that There are several reasons why/for The cause of is The reasons for are is the result of is caused by/due to/because of because,since,now that,because of,as a result of,on account of,for this

36、reason,owing to,due to,for,as,thanks to,result from 结果：The result/effect/consequence of is will result in Therefore,As a result(of),Lead to,result in,contribute to,so that,thus,hence,consequently,so,accordingly,in view of 写作技巧之结尾写作技巧之结尾1 1 结论性结论性-通过对文章前面的讨论,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 1.From what has been discu

37、ssed above，we may safely draw theconclusion that 2.In summary/In a word，it is more valuable 2 2 后果性后果性-揭示所讨论的问题若不解决,将产生的严重后果.1.We must call for an immediate method，because the current phenomenon of ，if allowed to proceed，will surely lead to the heavy cost of 2.Obviously，if we ignore/are blind to the

38、 problem，there is every chance that will be put in danger.3 3号召性号召性-呼吁读者行动起来,采取行动或提请注意.1.It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of 2.It is essential that effective measures should be taken tocorrect the tendency.4 建议性建议性-对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见,包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.1.While it canno

39、t be solved immediately，still there are ways.Themost popular is Another method is Still another one is 2.Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward thesituation.5 方向性的结尾方式方向性的结尾方式-其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的,大体的方向或者指明前景.1.Many solutions are being offered here，all of them make somesense，

40、but none is adequate enough.The problem should be recognized in awide way.2.There is no quick method to the issue of，but might behelpful/beneficial.3.The great challenge today is There is much difficulty，but 6 意义性的结尾方式意义性的结尾方式-文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义!1.Following these suggestions may n

41、ot guarantee the success，but the pay off might be worth the effort.It will not only benefit but also benefit 2.In any case，whether it is positive or negative，one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly 1.From the above,we can draw the conclusion that come to arrive at 2.It is(high/about)time that something was done to solve this problem/we took some measures/actions/steps to solve this problem 3.It is suggested that we should do something to solve this problem It is hoped that we do sth to solve the problemThank You and good luck!