超高层建筑斜向型钢混凝土组合柱施工工法

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1、超高层建筑斜向型钢混凝土组合柱施工工法1.前言超高层建筑越来越多地采用了型钢混凝土组合结构，为了满足建筑型体变化、内部高大空间和结构转换的需要，设计往往采用斜向型钢混凝土组合柱，但与通常的垂直型钢混凝土组合柱相比，斜向型钢柱和斜向柱模板的轴线、标高控制定位和厚钢板上开斜向孔是斜向型钢混凝土组合柱施工中需解决的特殊技术课题。江苏省华建建设股份有限公司组织技术攻关，研制了“超高层建筑斜向型钢混凝土组合柱施工工法”，对斜向型钢混凝土组合柱施工技术要点、施工工艺、工序质量及过程控制进行了综合研究，重点攻克了超高层建筑中斜向型钢柱和斜向型钢混凝土组合柱的轴线标高控制和测量定位及厚钢板上开斜向孔、半装配式

2、箍筋安装等关键技术，总结出超高层建筑斜向型钢混凝土组合柱施工技术，可指导工程建设工程中斜向型钢混凝土组合柱的施工。2.工法特点2.1针对斜向型钢混凝土组合柱的借位测量和预留变形量技术、钢板开斜向孔以及半装配式箍筋安装等工艺的研究，解决了斜向型钢混凝土组合柱施工难题，使钢柱定位、混凝土结构成型后的轴线位置、柱高、斜向角度等达到设计要求，保证了结构受力的准确传递。2.2采取的专用夹具法在原钢板上开斜向孔技术，保证了开孔的位置，角度准确，保证了梁纵向受力筋能准确、顺利穿过型钢柱，避免了现场纠偏、补开孔的工作量，保证了质量和施工进度。2.3采用了半装配式箍筋安装工艺，使箍筋安装的速度与传统的逐根套装的

3、办法相比提高了一倍以上，节省了人工，缩短了施工周期。2.4其他如型钢柱制作安装、钢筋制作绑扎、模板制作安装、混凝土浇筑等工序的工艺，与直立型钢混凝土组合柱相同，本工法不再赘述。3.适用范围适用于超高层建筑斜向型钢混凝土组合柱施工。4.工艺原理4.1根据斜柱在三维空间的变化形态，研究制定借位测量方法，将三维构件精确投影至二维平面，通过竖向投点控制网闭合、测量、排尺、放线，快捷、准确地完成斜柱构件的空间定位； 根据工程实践，针对斜向型钢柱在施工及自重荷载下的变形影响和楼面混凝土收缩对斜向型钢柱位置的影响，采用了预留变形量的方法，保证了型钢混凝土组合柱斜度，位置准确。4.2设计采用专用夹具进行钢板开

4、斜向孔，使钻头在专用夹具的卡位和夹持下精确定位和保持钻进角度，满足了开孔精度要求，解决了斜柱钢骨斜向开孔、水平穿筋难题。4.3根据结构特点和设计要求，对柱的各类箍筋进行统筹安排，将柱的半数箍筋套入下段伸出楼面的型钢柱，另半数箍筋在每根型钢柱吊装前套入型钢柱，随柱吊装，待型钢柱焊接就位后，再逐个就位箍筋。5.施工工艺流程及操作要点5.1工艺流程5.1.1总体施工工艺流程：标准柱竖向投点控制网闭合，测量，排尺，放线柱顶标高测量,定相对标高控制值确定柱顶位移值超偏处理抄平结果与下节柱预检数据综合处理钢柱就位，确定借位值进行粗校分析测量数据钢柱重校正会审安装测量记录，指定施焊顺序，确定特殊部位处理方案

5、施焊，测量跟踪观测柱焊接检验验收标准柱竖向投点控制的闭合提供下节钢柱预控数据图柱模板定位柱模板安装验收浇筑混凝土。5.1.2钢柱斜向开孔工艺流程：将柱体固定在胎架上在柱体上画出标高线和定位轴线标出所有钢筋孔的位置根据不同方向的斜孔制作临时支架固定磁力钻开孔清除临时支架。 胎架示意图5.1.3半装配式箍筋安装工艺流程为：套装1.5m柱高的箍筋在加工场预先套装一半箍筋在钢骨上吊装已套箍筋的钢骨钢骨焊接、探伤连接竖向钢筋1.5m柱高堆积箍筋上提绑扎钢骨预装箍筋套装绑扎剩余少量箍筋套装绑扎。操作要点如下：5.2操作要点5.2.1垂直控制网的布设：地下室工程结束后，用LEICA-ZL天顶垂准仪将地下室控

6、制点投测至首层楼面，建立矩形控制网，作为主楼施工过程的竖直控制和施工放样的依据。矩形四边为控1、控2、控3、控4分别与柱列线平行。5.2.2垂直控制网的转换：由于首层转换起始点向上开始逐层内收（外扩），为提高工效和防止误差累积，顾及仪器性能条件和消弱施工环境的影响，各层单独控制的同时，实施分段控制。一般一层为一个施工段，当本段施工完毕，将此段四个控制点精确投至上一段的起始楼层，进行矩形控制网的检测及核正，确认控制点准确后，重新埋点。5.2.3外立面斜率及钢柱的测量控制1、由点控制面,控制好外围每一根柱的斜率，则这一列斜柱形成的外立面斜率就得到了控制，混凝土柱中暗含钢柱，施工测量中需两次进行斜率

7、及定位控制。2、钢柱测量控制1）始斜端测量定位在楼面混凝土浇筑完成后，对钢柱始斜端的位置、标高进行逐个测量，记录钢柱在、方向上和设计的偏差、和标高偏差，确定偏移值，为超偏处理提供数据。2）始端中线定位在安装完成的始斜端柱头定位其各个面的几何中心线，即型钢柱各个平面中心线。确定相对标高控制线，做好明显的标志。3）安装段中线定位斜钢柱在工厂加工、检验、检测完成后，亦定位其各个面的几何中心线和相对标高控制线，做好明显的标志，作为和现场安装完成钢柱的对接控制线。如图5.2.3(a)：(a) (b) (c)图5.2.3 钢柱定位安装图（以工字型钢箍骨为例）4）现场平面定位根据设定好的相对标高线和楼层混凝

8、土面的实际标高，将上段柱的相对标高控制线处的斜钢柱截面投影到楼层混凝土面上，并找出各个面的几何中心点，作为斜柱安装的控制点。见图5.2.3(b)5）现场吊装就位以上准备工作完成后，将斜钢柱吊装就位，用相对标高作为其粗略的控制线，用连接耳板和螺栓临时连接、并系好揽风钢丝绳。如图5.2.3(c)：6）纠正偏移首先纠正标高偏差，标高偏差是通过上下段柱的坡口焊缝宽度来调整的，标高调整到位后用铁削子临时固定焊缝。然后是X或Y轴位置调整，方法是用经纬仪或线垂将相对标高控制线和各个面的几何中心线的交点与它们在楼层混凝土面上投影点对齐。X和Y方向的纠偏主要是通过千斤顶和揽风钢丝绳进行。 5.2.4柱模板斜率控

9、制 1、为了保证混凝土柱与箱形钢柱斜率的一致性，采用同一平面控制网，进行测量控制。 2、利用投影法控制柱模的斜率，在楼面柱模定位放线中，弹出倾斜后柱模顶端及中部每个边在楼面上的投影线。柱模就位时，用线锤分别测出柱顶及中部的投影是否与投影线一致，这样一根柱通过三点(柱顶，柱中，柱根)控制其斜率。 3、每次柱位放线后，用15KG线锤测出每两层柱模投影线的差值。通过外控的方法检查每次放线的准确性，如实测值大于2mm，则必须重新放线。5.2.5预留变形量 1、受建筑物变形影响，一般网点和钢柱在混凝土浇筑后会向中部收缩，所以在校正柱斜率时，设置一定的外伸量（1-3mm），用以抵消这部分收缩值。2、由于斜

10、向型钢柱是向内或向外倾斜一定角度的，纠偏以及焊接完成后的施工过程如柱钢筋绑扎、混凝土浇筑中不可避免地有竖向荷载施加在斜向型钢柱上，有加大其倾斜的趋势，而此时钢柱已经没有任何的拉接加固措施，通过斜柱起始层斜柱的施工、综合楼面始斜端测量的结果，并结合型钢柱在此类荷载下的变形计算，在后续层斜柱的施工过程中对钢柱顶端的位置进行了微调，经过后续楼层的施工，纠偏效果良好。5.2.6钢柱斜向开孔（缺开孔时的图片）根据型钢柱的截面形式，钢柱的倾斜角度，定制专用夹具。5.2.7半装配式箍筋安装1、套装1.5m柱高的箍筋。在上下层柱主筋进行直螺纹连接之前，先将部分箍筋套入，堆积到1.5m高度，待钢骨柱安装完成、柱

11、主筋连接好后，把堆积的箍筋上提绑扎。这样能解决柱下部箍筋套箍困难的问题。2、钢骨预套箍筋。在加工场地先将钢骨柱水平放置，并用木方垫高，将一半的箍筋套装在钢骨上半段，利用钢骨的穿筋孔，设置32的插销临时固定箍筋，将箍筋和钢骨同时吊装（见图5.2.7），由于部分箍筋在加工场地套箍容易，吊装后不受钢骨焊接、主筋连接的影响，操作简便，质量可靠。 图5.2.7 半装配式箍筋吊装3、钢骨吊装焊接。钢柱吊装可利用连接板上的螺栓孔，为了便于吊装和防止起吊时连接板变形，应采用专用吊具，吊具用高强度螺栓与连接板连接。安装时应采取临时固定措施，并进行垂直度观测，防止钢骨偏位。4、柱主筋连接。直螺纹连接过程中随时调整

12、柱筋，防止钢筋安装偏斜或骨架扭曲。5、1.5m柱高堆积箍筋上提绑扎。将此部分箍筋按规定间距逐根上提到位进行绑扎，注意控制钢筋骨架的垂直度。6、钢骨预装箍筋套装绑扎。将钢骨上预套的箍筋按规定间距逐根下套绑扎。7、补充套装余下的箍筋，检查箍筋间距、水平度、保护层，并调较钢筋骨架。5.2.8柱混凝土浇筑由于劲性柱中钢骨将柱身分成几个部分，因此在浇筑混凝土时必须分层下料，同时振捣时必须对称振捣，以防钢柱受扭。由于劲性柱身中有隔板，特别是梁柱节点处钢筋很密，因此，要求混凝土坍落度较大。坍落度1618cm为宜。6.材料与设备6.1材料6.2机具机具设备表序号机械或设备名称型号规格数量国别产地制造年份额定功

13、率(KW)功能1钢板预处理线XQ69401无锡2001720钢板除锈2数控气割机GS-8500D6德国200215切割3数控直条气割机GS/2-4000BA5无锡20003切割4鼬鼠式坡口切割机GS-15026大连20020.3切割5钢板矫平机W43Q-8015004湖北200240矫平61250T油压机1250t1湖州2001100压头71500T油压机1500T1湖州2007160压头8自动埋弧焊机AC1200/DC100020美国林肯200145焊接9筒体自动焊接中心设备LB-316国产200645焊接10栓钉焊机RSN20003上海2006100焊接11砂带打磨机/10国产200630

14、打磨12远红外电加热板2004001200扬中发电设备厂20024.5焊前预热13端面铣12无锡洲翔2006/端面加工14电加热数字温控箱LWK-9B16吴江温控设备厂200190加热温度控制15超声波探伤仪EPOCH-230010美国2001/无损检测16超声波探伤仪CTS-20008进口德国2001/无损检测17磁粉探伤仪B301S6美国20010.32无损检测18X射线探伤仪XXG-30054日本2002/无损检测19超声波测厚仪LA-104北京2000/钢板检测20数字式测温仪HY-30212进口日本1999/温度测量21液压万能试验机WE-1004天水红山2004/理化试验22摆锤式

15、冲击试验机JB300B2济南2004/理化试验23高频红外碳硫分析仪CS-902G2北京万联2004/理化试验24直读光谱仪ARLMA34601进口瑞士2004/理化试验25低温槽CDC2大连2004/理化试验26冲击试样缺口投影仪CTS-C2大连2004/理化试验27布氏硬度计HB30002山东2004/理化试验28多功能里氏硬度计HLN-11D2山东2004/理化试验29电光分析天平TG328A2上海2004/理化试验30可见分光光度计722N2上海2004/理化试验31维氏硬度计EV-3000A2上海2004/理化试验32金相显微镜4XC2上海2004/理化试验33金相试样抛光机PG-1

16、2上海2004/理化试验34箱式电阻炉4-102南京2004/理化试验35恒温干燥箱101A-12上海2004/理化试验36电热蒸馏水器5L/时2上海2004/理化试验37高级电子晒相机JDY0012缙云红日2004/理化试验38上光机12”2缙云红日2004/理化试验39磁力钻JC49A1扬州金力2007/最大钻孔48mm序号设备名称设备型号单位数量用途1塔吊2混凝土输送泵7.质量控制7.1工程质量标准本工法须执行GB50300-2001建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准，GB50204-2002混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范，JGJ138-2001型钢混凝土组合结构技术规程及GB50205-20

17、01钢结构工程施工质量验收规范。7.2质量保证措施7.2.1从钢柱的制作加工、安装方法及质量要求，在每一工序施工前均由技术人员进行详细交底及现场指导。对于复杂节点的处理先做样板组织现场操作人员现场学习，同时加强质检力量。将质量检查工作贯穿于施工全过程，并严格执行质量奖罚制度，使施工工序质量达到内控要求。7.2.2防止斜钢骨、柱主筋偏位。在钢骨安装、柱主筋连接时要对钢骨和连接好的柱筋进行临时固定，防止偏位或扭曲后无法套箍。对个别偏位的柱筋要在箍筋绑扎前进行调较。8安全措施8.1 施工中应严格按国家、地方相关的安全操作规定进行操作。贯彻执行“安全第一、预防为主”的方针。8.2 建立健全项目经理等各

18、级人员的安全生产责任制，责任明确并落实到人。项目经理部建立定期安全检查制度，配备一名专职安全员，负责施工现场的日常安全管理工作和巡回监督检查工作，负责提出安全预防措施强化安全生产管理，加强安全生产意识教育，切实落实安全技术措施。8.3 施工现场全体人员必须遵守劳动纪律和安全生产制度，上班前严禁喝酒，作业现场不准吸烟且不得动用明火。8.4 加强机械设备安全管理，防止机械带病运转。各种电动工具要定期检查、维修，防止漏电事故。施工现场的施工用电，应按施工用电方案进行统一布置，消除乱拖乱拉现象。现场供电采用“三相五线制”，并装好触电保安器，用电设备应按有关规定实行一机一闸一漏电保护，并有安全可靠的接地

19、。8.5模板支撑排架的搭设和拆除施工中，施工和监理单位，应落实自检、自查，强化验收、加强监护，过程控制，应严格按专项方案施工，确保安全生产。9.环保措施9.1成立对应的施工环境卫生管理机构，在工程施工过程中严格遵守国家和地方政府下发的有关环境保护的法律、法规和规章。9.2将施工场地和作业限制在工程建设允许的范围内，合理布置、规范围挡，做到标牌清楚、齐全，各种标识醒目，施工场地整洁文明。10效益分析11. 应用实例11.1深圳江胜大厦深圳江胜大厦工程地下3层，地上部分建筑面积105213平方米，由A、B二栋塔楼组成。A栋写字楼39层，建筑高度178.55m，框架-筒体结构；B栋酒店30层，建筑高

20、度116.15m，框架-剪力墙结构。工程被建设部立项为全国第六批新技术应用示范工程，质量目标为“鲁班奖”。 江胜大厦主体结构平面图A栋一层为大堂和商业展示厅，七层、十七层、三十层为避难层兼设备层，其余层为办公，首层层高为10.0m、二层为6.0m、标准层为4.2m、避难层为6.0m，结构形式为框架-核心筒结构，周边框架柱地下二层十一层为型钢混凝土柱，由于外墙立面的变化，周边型钢混凝土柱从四层楼面标高开始逐层向外倾斜，到七层楼面标高恢复直立状态，斜柱顶端最大位移1605，向外倾斜7度。平面变化如下图： 三层柱定位图 七层柱定位图斜向钢柱施工现场图 斜向型钢混凝土柱外观图11.2 深圳国际商会中心

21、深圳国际商会中心工程地下3层，地上55层，建筑面积134081平方米，高度214.5米。结构型式上，主楼为内筒外框型钢混凝土组合结构，内筒及外柱内共有62根H型、十字型钢柱，从地下1层一直到主体19层。在D轴和K轴从1层至6层设斜柱分别延伸到E轴和J轴。 标准层型钢混凝土组合结构平面布置图 斜柱外观11.3深圳世贸中心大厦（招商银行总部大楼）深圳世贸中心大厦（现“招商银行大厦”）是一幢超高层商业金融建筑，该工程建筑面积119000平方米，地下室3层，地上53层，裙楼5层，建筑高度237.2米。大厦立面设计独特，由塔楼六层正四边形平面四边四角逐渐向内收缩至49层为正八边形平面，立面四边倾斜角度1

22、.498，呈梯形，四角倾斜角度4.666，呈倒三角形，从51层向上至屋面又从正八边形恢复成与六层平面相同的正四边形平面。塔楼部分1至7层由20根外围柱组成一个边长为44. 5m正四边形平面，外形立面规则，从8层向上，外围16根边柱以104.6mm/4m的斜率沿X方向或Y方向向内倾斜。4根角柱则以173.2mm/4m的斜率向中心倾斜。由一个正方形柱(1500*1500)演变成一个复合巨形柱，在15层开始分叉成两个异形角柱，倾斜并向上延伸至49层。最终形成8个倾斜的平面构成世贸中心大厦主要外形。Opinions and suggestions on the partys mass line edu

23、cational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee about carrying out the partys mass line educational practice activity in the citys implementation opinions, the spirit of the partys mass line educational practice activitie

24、s from 20* in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall re

25、quirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Cent

26、ral Committee really, opinions and advice , party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of for the people pragmatic honest peopl

27、e as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and The opposition party and gover

28、nment austerity waste regulations , double section provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the twelve plan and the implementation measures for on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism

29、, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close,

30、honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational pr

31、actice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branc

32、hes, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, serv

33、ice industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and t

34、he partys education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem,

35、 pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is

36、not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the countys education practice is to seize against four wind this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages

37、 of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, t

38、ake the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the four wi

39、nds outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in image project, political project, a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are

40、countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly fa

41、ce, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk

42、, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and

43、coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden thei

44、r horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, exami

45、nation and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the manag

46、ement of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the

47、market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, str

48、ucture optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.11