2012届高考英语（第六讲 动词和动词短语）语法精讲精练 教师版

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1、动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大。设题时给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及其短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类（一）实义动词1.按性质分实义动词又分成及物动词和不及物动词，表示动作或状态，在句中独立做谓语。及物动词后须跟宾语；不及物动词不跟宾语。例：What did you think of her speech?She _for one hour but didnt _ much.A. spoke; speak B. spoke; say C. said; speak D. sa

2、id; say注意：英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的，有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。It is important for you to learn how to learn.第一个learn是及物动词，后面有宾语how to learn；第二个learn是不及物动词。不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。He is working hard at English. 2.按时限分实义动词又分成延续性动词和非延续性动词（短暂性动词） 延续性动词动作可以延续，可以与一段时间连用。如：live, study, work, stay, keep, have等

3、。非延续性动词（短暂性动词）动作瞬间完成，不能与一段时间连用。如：finish, come, open, bring, buy等。例：The evening news comes on at seven o clock and _ only thirty minutes.A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts【解析】答案为D。根据后面的时间状语“only thirty minutes” 先排除“finish”为瞬间动词；keep“保留，保存”；continue意为“继续”； last意为“持续，继续”，根据题意“晚间新闻每天7：00开始，持续30分

4、钟。”可知，正确选项为D。（二）连系动词连系动词可以细分为以下几类1.表示“是”的be动词，根据主语有各种形式；2.表示“感觉”的连系动词。如：look, feel, smell, taste, sound等；3.表示“变得、变成”的连系动词。如become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, come等；4.表示“结果”的连系动词。如turn out, prove等；5.表示“仍然”的连系动词。如remain, stand, stay, keep等；6.表示“似乎、好像”的连系动词。如seem, appear, look等。注意：绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词，在解题时要正

5、确区分,否则就会出错。请看下列这道选择题： good, the food has been sold out.A. Tasted B. Having been Tasted C. Tasting D. To taste【解析】答案为C。本题考生如果把taste当成实义动词去理解的话，就会误选A或B。其实taste在本句中是连系动词，应该选C才对=Because the food tastes good,（三）助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语。用来表示否定，疑问，时态等语法形式。助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语），常见的有：be(am, is, are, was, were),do(does

6、, did), have(has/had), will, would, shall, should等。（四）情态动词本身有一定意义，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。没有人称和数的变化，常用来表示说话人的语气和情态。常见的有can(could), may(might), must, shall(should), will, would, ought to, dare, need等等。注意：以上四类动词都有交叉的地方。如“do, have”既可以作实义动词又可以作助动词；“be”既可以作连系动词又可以作助动词；“dare, need”既可以作实义动词又可以作情态动词。1.动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及

7、物的和不及物的两类Please turn off every light in the house. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。（及物）Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。（不及物）注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。She gave them away.她把它们送掉了。同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上

8、有很大的差异。break out爆发 break up打碎；分解 break down出毛病；抛锚；分解；崩溃Dont be so discouraged. If yousuch feelings, you will do better next time.A. carry onB. get backC. break down D. put away【解析】答案为D。carry on意为“开展、进行”；get back意为“取回，拿回”；break down意为“分解、崩溃”。put away除了有“把收起、放好”的意思外还有“储存、抛弃、放弃”的意思。句意：别那么垂头丧气的。如果你抛弃这种情

9、绪（而振作起来），下次你就会做得更好。I was still sleeping when the fire _,and then it spread quickly.A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out【解析】答案为A。break out意为“发生”符合题意；put out意为“扑灭”；come out意为“出版、出现、出来”；get out意为“（拿）出来”。句意：火灾发生时，我还在睡觉，然后火势很快蔓延开来。2.动词+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词Im looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。注意：当它跟宾语

10、时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。look after照料，look at看，look for寻找Once a decision has been made，all of us should _it.A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to【解析】答案为B。stick to意为“坚守（规则、诺言等）”Its the present situation in poor areas that _much higher spending on education and training.A. answer

11、s forB. provides forC. calls forD. plans for【解析】答案为C。call for意为“要求”；answer for意为“负责”；provide for意为“供养，为做好准备”；plan for意为“为作计划/打算”。3.动词+副词/名词/反身代词+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。I dont _rock n roll. Its much too noisy for my taste.A. go after B. go away withC. go intoD.

12、go in for【解析】答案为D 。go in for意为“喜欢”；go after意为“追求”；go away with意为“随身带走”；go into意为“从事、参加”。Why do we have to _Joans selfish behavior? She should learn to care for others.A. keep up with B. catch up with C. put up with D. come up with【解析】答案为C。keep up with意为“跟着、跟上”；catch up with意为“赶上”；put up with意为“忍受”；c

13、ome up with意为“想出、提出”。You cant imagine what difficulty we had _home in the snowstorm.A. walkedB. walk C. to walkD. walking【解析】答案为D。考查“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”短语的变式运用。“difficulty”在句中充当了先行词，其后为定语从句。She devoted herself _ the problems of the teenagers.A. in studying B. at studying C. to study D.

14、to studying【解析】答案为D。devote oneself to意为“专心，致力于，献身”。“to”为介词附录：近几年高考重点考查的动词短语1.以a开头的动词为中心的词组adapt to/adjust to 适应agree about对有相同的看法。agree on就达成协议；agree to同意，赞成（观点，看法等）；agree with同意某人意见（接sb.）；与相适应/一致；appeal to 向呼吁，恳求； 诉诸；求助于appeal to 吸引apply for申请；请求apply to适用于；向申请(或要求) attachto将系在；使隶属/附属于，将缚在attach im

15、portance to 关注，注重attach to粘贴be admitted to/into获准进入，被录取be absorbed in埋头于，专心于be accustomed to(=get used to=be used to)习惯于be addicted to沉迷于/沉溺于，迷恋2.以break为中心的词组break away from脱离，逃离，打破break down vt. 破坏，粉碎，瓦解；vi.出故障，抛锚；衰弱break in闯进，打断；使顺服break into（后面要接宾语）闯入；强行进入break off 打断，断绝，折断，突然终止break out爆发，发生；准备使

16、用；起锚break up vt.开垦，破碎；解散，分解；vi.结束；断绝关系，（婚姻关系）破裂break through 突破，克服，挤过去3.以build为中心的词组build on / upon 建立在上，依赖，指望build up 增强，增加，增进；建成，振兴4.以 bring为中心的词组bring about导致，引起，促使bring back 带回，使回忆，使恢复bring down 使下降，浓缩，收缩，击落bring out 拿出，公布，发表，出版，生产bring up 抚养，养育，培养，使停止5.以call为中心的词组call at 访问（某地），停泊在care about关心，

17、在乎call for 需要，要求，接（某人），call in 召集，收集，请入，引入call off 取消，下令停止call on 拜访（某人），号召call out 大声喊，唤起call up 打电话给；召集; 使想起6.以come为中心的词组come about发生；改变方向come across偶然碰到；想起；越过；偿付come back回来；恢复；复原come down倒下；降落；跌落；病倒come into being发生，产生，出现，形成come into power开始执政，当权，当选come into effect/ force开始生效，开始实行come into existe

18、nce形成，产生，开始存在come into fashion开始流行come into operation开始运转，实施，生效come into use开始使用，获得应用come on快点；振作起来；请；来吧；跟着来；快点;come out出现；出版come out with说出，提出come over从远方(或克服障碍后)过来 ；顺便来访come to苏醒,复原,共计,达到,归结于,渐渐，说到/提及到come to an agreement 达成协议come to a conclusion 得出结论come to a decision 作出决定come to an end终止，结束come

19、to a stop 结束，停止，停顿，come to an understanding 取得谅解when it comes to就而论，谈到come to know/realize/understand开始了解到/意识到/明白come to life 苏醒，栩栩如生come to light 明朗化，出现，显露出来come to oneself苏醒come up with跟上；想出；提出7.以get为中心的词组get across度过，通过，横过；说服，使被理解get along前进，进步；同意；离去，相处get along/on with与相处get away离开，逃脱，出发，开始度假get

20、 away from逃离get back取回，回来；报复get down记下，写下get down to着手处理，认真对待；静下心来get in插话，收割，收获get into/out of debt 欠债/不欠债get off送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身get on 上车 get out出去，离开；逃脱； 泄露；摆脱；拿出来；说出get over越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成get rid of除去，去掉；免除，摆脱get through拨通，到达，完成，通过；及格get to 到达get up起床，起立8.以give为中心的词组give away赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发give in屈服，让

21、步，投降give off发出（烟，气味）give out vt.分发；公布；发出；使筋疲力尽； vi.用完give up放弃；停止9.以go为中心的词组go /come to sb.s rescue去/来援救某人go away走开；离去；(岁月)流逝；go back to 追溯至go by 经过，过去go on 继续，接下去go out 出去，熄灭，离开，下台，退休go over审查，复习，重温从头到尾检查一遍go up 上升，上涨，攀登10.以hold为中心的词组hold back阻挡，妨碍，控制感情，隐瞒不讲hold down 压制，压低，缩减hold off 耽搁，不接近，离开hold

22、on继续；坚持，保持；不挂断电话hold out 伸出，提出，支持，主张hold up 举起；竖起；支持；使停滞；提出；阻挡11.以keep为中心的词组keep an eye on照看，留心keep away (from) 不接近，避开，远离keep back 阻止，扣留，隐瞒keep in mind 记住keep off 不接近，远离keep out 使不入内keep pace with跟上，同步调一致keep up 继续，坚持，保持，维持keep up with跟上 ，与并肩前进keep watch 守望，值班，注意12.以look为中心的词组look after照料，照看look aro

23、und东张西望，环顾look at看，注视(某人或某物)look away from掉过头去不忍心看look down on/upon俯视；看不起，轻视look for寻找look forward to盼望，期待look into窥视；调查；浏览look on /upon旁观；面向look on / upon as把看作look out向外看；注意；当心，提防look over从上面看过去；检查，忽略look throughlook through透过看去；看穿；浏览，彻底调查look up查（单词、电话号码等）；仰视；涨价look up to仰望，尊敬13.以make为中心的词组make a

24、 choice做出选择make a difference 有差别，有关系，很重要make a fool of愚弄，欺骗make a will 立下遗嘱make advantages/use of使用，利用make it 就这么定了；成功；达到某一特定目标make oneself understood 让别人理解自己make out填写；开支票；理解；辨认；弄清楚make the best/ most of尽量利用；极为重视make up弥补；修理；赔偿；起草；编造；化装；,配制；占比例14.以put为中心的词组put away 把放好，把收拾；储藏；put down 放下；镇压；记下；削减；降

25、落put it表达put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，脱下 put on穿上，戴上，上演，假装，增加put out 熄灭，扑灭；伸出，拿出put together 组装，装配，把凑合起来put up搭建；张贴；举起，挂起；投宿，留宿put up with 忍受，容忍；put up举起，抬起；建立，竖起；张贴；投宿，put through 完成，（电话用语）拨通，使穿过15.以set为中心的词组be set in 以为背景set about（doing）着手，开始set an example to sb.给某人树立个榜样set aside 取消，放在一边，放弃，忽视，拒绝set fire t

26、o (= seton fire) 放火烧毁set off vi.出发； vt.使爆炸，拨出（钱等）set out vi.出发； vt.开始，着手(to do)，布置 set up 建立，设立，开办，引起（疾病等）16.以take为中心的词组take after 与相像， 性格类似于，效仿take away拿走，减去；夺去take down 记下；拿下；拆除；拆卸；take in 吸收，接纳，欺骗，轻信，领会take off拿出，取出，拿走，取下；脱去（衣服等），起飞，（事业上的）腾飞，成功，成名take on承担，呈现，雇用take out把带出去，清除, 除掉take over接管，接替ta

27、ke up从事，占据时间或空间，拿起take turns(to do) 轮流做17.以turn为中心的词组turn around转身turn down拒绝，（把声音等）调低turn in上床睡觉, 上缴turn on打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于turn off 关上（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）；解雇；避开（问题）turn out外出；培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是turn over翻身，翻转，把移交turn to转向；翻到（书的页数）；求助于；(使)变成turn up出现；出席；被找到/发现18.其它be supposed to do应当，应该begin

28、with从开始 ；以开始；开始于belong to属于blow out吹熄（灯火等）；油井或汽井（井喷）build up 增加，增进，建成，振兴carry on坚持，继续，进行carry out贯彻，执行，实施，完成catch up with追上，赶上close down停业；（工厂等）关闭，倒闭close up暂停营业；关闭；堵塞；（伤口）愈合deal with对付，处理die down渐渐消失，平息（尤其指火势，大海，脾气）divide up分割，瓜分，划分，分配draw up起草，制订；使靠近；停住drop out退出，退学do away with去掉，废除；弄死；浪费do withou

29、t不需要也行，不用；不用/吃勉强度过earn ones living挣钱；维持生计eat up吃完，吃光end up as 作为而结束的意思end up with 以为结束fight for与做斗争；为而战figure out算出；想出；理解；弄清楚fill up装满，填满find out查找出（结果）finish up 结果成为；最终到来fit in相处融洽，合得来fix up修理，安装，安排，建造，提供focus upon/on专注于grow up成长，长大hand down 把传下去；留给；hand out散发，（平均）分发，发给hang up挂断电话join up联合起来；连接lead

30、 to通向；导致leave out省去；遗漏let out泄露lie in（问题、事情等）在于lift up举起；吊起live up to履行lose out失败，输掉manage it设法做成某事meet with偶然遇到；符合pick out 挑出，辨别出pick up学到(尤其指不正规的学到)；捡起；顺车接送，搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得point out指出pull up 停车refer to 指，提及，参考，查阅remind sb. of就提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起rule out排除（可能性）run into撞到；偶遇run out （某东西被）耗尽/用完run out of

31、 sth.用完，耗尽save up储蓄；贮存；节省see through看穿；识破(谎言)send up发射show off炫耀，卖弄slow down 慢下来speak of谈到，论及speed up加快stand for代表；象征 ；主张；支持，拥护start off动身，出发stay up不睡觉，熬夜stick to坚持，紧跟，粘住，忠于tear down拆毁use up=run out of用光，用尽wait on等待，伺候，服伺warn sb. of警告某人某事watch out注意，当心；小心谨慎，留意提防watch over看守，照管，监视work out算出，想出，制订出；产生

32、出；解决；确定说明：这一讲不涉及动词的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词以及情态动词等语法内容（这部分请参看后面有关的各讲的内容）。Recently, these companies have _ some workers because of the drop in economy. A. hired B. dismissed C. refused D. employed 【解析】答案为B。四个选项都是及物动词，且都可以与worker构成动宾关系，但从题干中的the drop in economy可知，只有B项符合题意。 When his brother was to cross the stre

33、et, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _。A. injured B damaged C. harmed D. destroyed 【解析】答案为A。这四个动词都有“伤害，损害”之意，但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”；damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏，这种破坏或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成，常含可以修复之意；harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害，有时可指引起不安或不便；destroy表示毁坏十分彻底，常含无法修复再用之意。Iit as a basic principle of the company that supplie

34、rs of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.A. makeB. look C. take D. think【解析】答案为C。take.as.意为“把当作/认为是”；另外，“look on.as.”和“think of.as.”也有此意。若用A项，需要把it后面的as去掉。Her shoesher dress; they look very well together.A. suit B. fit C. compare D. match【解析】答案为D。suit指“符合某人的口味，或颜色、款式等的相配或适

35、合”；fit指“强调尺寸、大小或形状上的吻合”；compare意为“比较、对照”；match指“两个物体大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很相配，显得很协调”。 With modern equipment, many mysteries have _ to light in recent years.A. bought B. come C. thrown D. appeared 【解析】答案为B。题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露，将曝光”是come to light，故答案为B项。 The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _

36、everyone write home. Love, Joey.”A. advising B. suggesting C. letting D. making 【解析】答案为D。分析句子结构可知，空缺处后面的write home是无to的不定式，作everyone的宾语补足语，由此可排除A项；suggest后面不能跟不定式作宾补，更不用说无to的不定式，由此排除B项；let作为使役动词时，无进行时态，也排除；只有make后面是跟无to的不定式作宾补的，所以答案为D。 The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains_. A.

37、seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see 【解析】答案为B。题意为“这种药对这种疾病的效果尚待观察”。由题意可知，remain在此是用作系动词，且see这一动作还没有发生，答案锁定在B和D中间；“the effect”和“see”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _pale.A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared【解析】答案为C。“got” 作系动词时，表示人为所致成一个相对长的过程；“changed”是实义动词，不

38、能接形容词作表语；“went”作系动词时表示情况变坏、糟糕；“appeared”表示表面是这样而事实上并非如此。It was already past midnight and only three young men _in the tea house.A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted【解析】答案B。为句意：早已过了半夜，仅有3位年轻人还留在茶房。“remain”作系动词，后可跟名词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词，不定式的被动式作表语。The present situation is very complex, so I think it

39、will take me some time toits reality.A. make up B. figure out C. look throughD. put off【解析】答案为B。make up意为“组成、化妆、编造”；figure out意为“理解、弄清楚”；look through意为“浏览”。句意：目前的形势非常复杂，因此我认为要花费我一段时间来弄清楚它的真实性。Its going to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me_ the clothes on the line?A. get off B. get back C. get

40、 inD. get on【解析】答案为C。get off意为“下车”；get back意为“回来”；get in意为“收集，收获”；get on意为“前进，进展”。表示“收衣服”要用“get in clothes”。In modern times, people have to learn toall kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.A. keep with B. stay with C. meet with D. live with【解析】答案为D。live with和put up with类似在此

41、意为“忍受”。句意：在现代社会，人们尽管过着舒适的生活，但他们还得学会忍受各种各样的压力。_a moment and I will go to your rescue.A. Go onB. Hold on C. Move on D. Carry on【解析】答案为B。go on意为“继续”；hold on意为“抓住不放、坚持”；move on意为“继续前进”；carry on意为“继续进行”。根据后句的I will go to your rescue可知，这里应是“坚持住、别松手”。句意：坚持一会儿，我会救你的。Have you_ some new ideas?Yeah. Ill tell y

42、ou later. A. come aboutB. come intoC. come up withD. come out with【解析】答案为C。come about意为“发生”；come into意为“进入、得到”；come up with意为“想出、提出”；come out with意为“发表，公布、说出”。句意：“你想出新的主意了吗？”“是的，我过会儿告诉你。”The media can often help solve problems and draw attention _ situations _ help is needed.A. in; that B. to; which

43、 C. in; where D. to; where 【解析】答案为D。draw/pay attention to意思是“注意；关心”。名词“attention”前可以有“more，little， careful，close， no，some”等形容词修饰，“to”后接名词、代词或动名词。第二空中用“where”引导定语从句。句意：媒体常常能帮助解决问题，关注需要帮助的对象。 2009年1.（全国卷I）I tried phoning her office, but I couldnt A. get along B. get on C. get to D. get through【答案】D【解析

44、】get along意为“进展”；get on意为“上车”；get to意为“到达”；只有get through意为“打通电话”符合句意。句意：我试着给她办公室打电话，但是没有打通。2.（全国卷I）Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard. A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push【答案】D【解析】句意：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新东西，但是尽量别逼他们。这四个词只有push是“推，逼”之意。3.（全国卷II）If you leave the club, you will n

45、ot be back in . A. received B. admitted C. turned D. moved【答案】B【解析】be admitted in/into表示“被录取，被接受”。4.（天津卷）Sorry, I have to _ now. Its time for class.OK, Ill call back later. A. hang up B. break up C. give up D. hold up【答案】A【解析】句意：“对不起我的挂电话了，上课的时间到了。”“好的,我会再打电话来。”hang up表示“挂断电话”break up 表示“开垦(破碎,破坏,解散

46、,结束,衰弱)”give up表示“放弃”hold up 表示“举起(提出,抓举,支持住,阻挡)”。根据句意应选A项。5.（天津卷）Dont worry if you dont understand everything, the teacher will _ the main points at the end.A. recover B. review C. require D. remember【答案】B【解析】句意：别担心，如果你一切都不懂，老师会复习要点。recover表示“恢复（健康等）”；review表示“复习”；require表示“需要”；remember表示“记得”，根据句意，

47、应选B。6.（安徽卷）Just as Professor Scotti often it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude.A. gets B. makes C. puts D. means【答案】C【解析】put it是一个常用语, 表示“表达”的意思，正符合本句意思：Scotti教授经常所说的一样, 成功99%的心度。make it意为“获得成功”。7.（安徽卷）We tried to find a table for seven，hut they were all . A. given away B. kept away C.

48、 taken up D. used up【答案】C【解析】give away意为“泄露,捐赠”；keep away意为“控制在外”；take up意为“占据”；use up意为“用光，用尽”=run out of。句意：我们努力寻找一张能供7人吃饭的桌子，但是所有的桌子都有人占了。8.（福建卷）We are at your service. Dont to turn to us if you have any further problems.A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek 【答案】B【解析】beg意为“乞求，乞讨，恳求”；hesitate意为“犹豫，

49、踌躇”；desire意为“欲望，愿望”；seek意为“试图，要求”。句意：我们为你服务。当你有任何问题时，请毫不犹豫的向我们求助。选B项。9.（福建卷）The Somali robbed frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to all nations to take immediate action. A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on 10.（湖北卷）Would you please _ the paper for me and see if there are

50、 any obvious mistakes?A. look around B. look into C. look up D. look through【答案】D【解析】该句意思是“你能不能帮我看看这份试卷，看有没有明显的错误？”。look through可表示“检查，浏览”之意。look around意为“环顾”，look into意为“调查”，look up意为“抬头看，查阅”。11.（湖北卷）During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the wealthy families

51、had to _ bread for days.A. eat up B. give away C. do without D. deal with【答案】C【解析】根据上句During the war there was a serious lack of food可推测出“即或是富裕家庭也得几天吃不上面包”，应选择do without表示“不用/吃勉强度过”。eat up意为“吃完”，give away意为“收拾”，deal with意为“应付，处理”。句意：战争时期缺少食品，即使很富有的家庭也不得不将就着连续几天没有面包吃。12.（湖北卷）The loss has not yet been

52、 _ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled【答案】A【解析】根据句意可知此处表示“损失（数据）还没统计”，应选择calculated。Considered意为“考虑”，completed意为“完成”，controlled意为“控制”均不符合上下文。13.（湖北卷）Some parents are just too protective. They want to _ thei

53、r kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A. spot B. dismiss C. shelter D. distinguish【答案】C【解析】根据上句Some parents are just too protective. 可知下文要说父母们想庇荫孩子们不受到任何伤害。shelter做动词可表示“保护；庇护”。Spot意为“弄脏，认出，发现，定位”，dismiss意为“开除，使解散”，distinguish意为“区别”。14.（江苏卷） I m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have

54、_ . So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up D closed up【答案】A【解析】break up 意为“断绝关系，（婚姻关系）破裂”； finish up意为“结果成为，最终到来”； divide up意为“分担，分配，分享”。close up 意为“（伤口）愈合”。15.（江西卷） It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing ch

55、ildren.A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out【答案】C【解析】look into 意为“调查”。句意：据报道警方不久就要调查两个孩子失踪的案子。16.（山东卷）Do you have enough to _all your daily expenses?Oh yes, enough and to spare. A. cover B. spend C. fill D. offer 【答案】A【解析】cover意为“（钱）足够开销/付”。句意：你有足够的钱用于日常开销吗？是的，够了，还能有结余。17.（山东卷） Amy joi

56、ned a painting group but didnt seem to _, so she left. A. show off B. go up C. fit in D. come over 【答案】C【解析】show off意为“炫耀，卖弄”；go up意为“上升，上涨”；fit in意为“相处融洽，合得来”；come over意为“顺便来访，从远方(或克服障碍后)过来”。18.（陕西卷）A. notice was in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.A. sent up B. given up C.

57、set up D. put up 【答案】D【解析】send up意为“发射”；give up意为“放弃，传上去”；set up意为“提出，提议；竖起，升起”；put up意为“张贴”。句意：一个通知被张贴出来，以便告知学生们演讲的新时间。19.（四川卷） Have you _? No. I had the wrong number.A. got in B. got away C. got off D. got through【答案】D【解析】get in意为“插话，收割”；get away意为“离开，走开”；get off意为“下车”；get through意为“接通电话，完成，到达，通过”

58、，由此可知该题的答案为D，意思是“你接通电话了吗？”20.（四川卷）How about your journey to Mount Emei? Everything was wonderful except that our car _ twice on the way. A. slowed down B. broke down C. got down D. put down【答案】B【解析】答语的意思是：一切都进展顺利除了我们的汽车在途中抛锚了两次外。break down意为“抛锚”；slow down意为“慢下来”；get down意为“记下，写下”；put down 意为“扑灭”。所以该题的答案为B项。 21.（浙江卷） The good thing about children is that they very easily to new environments.A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply 【答案】A【解析】该句的意思是“对于孩子们来说比较好的是他们能够非常容易的