英语附录-“写作宝典”

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1、写作宝典本书是从词汇及句法两个方面对2009年6月到2006年6月的历年四级作文范文加以详细解释，旨在向学习者充分体现词汇、词组及句法在作文中的综合运用。一、大学英语四级作文题型分析写作部分（Writing）是考试中的第一道题，在第一张答题卡的正面。写作选用的都是考生所熟悉的题材。这部分是要测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间是30分钟。大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到教学要求中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性话题或提纲在规定的时间内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连

2、贯。”四级作文体裁多样，包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等。从近些年的考题来看，作文考题不再是一种体裁，而是几种体裁的杂合体。下面是具体的写作要求及四级作文评分标准：l 写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误；写作部分考核的技能是：A 思想表达1 表达中心思想2 表达重要或特定信息3 表达观点、态度等B 篇章组织4 围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点5 连贯地组句成段，组段成篇C 语言运用6 运用恰当的词汇7 运用正确的语法8 运用合适的句子结构9 使用正确的标点符号10 运用衔接手段表达句间关系（如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等）D 写作格式11 运用正确

3、的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式l 四级作文的评分标准1. 本题满分为15分2. 阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。3. 评分标准2分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但是有少量语言错误。14分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。【注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。】4. 字

4、数不足应酌情扣分：累计字数CET 4110-119100-10990-9980-8970-7960-6950-5949扣 分12345679 （摘自大学英语四级考试大纲）二、历年新题型大学英语四级考试作文范文详解2009年6月大学英语四级考试作文题目：Free Admission to Museums要求：1. 越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放，目的是 2. 有的人认为这样做会带来一些问题。 3. 在我看来范文：Free Admission to MuseumsNowadays, an increasing number of museums are admission-free to vi

5、sitors home and abroad. The hidden reason behind this is not hard to analyze as theres a growing awareness for the authorities regarding the urgency of popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in our society. Only with free access to this live database, can most peo

6、ple fully enjoy what museums could offer to them.However, free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well. The most obvious problem is that it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly impedes the sustainable development of these organizations. As a result,

7、our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different channels, which might be difficult to operate or control. On the other hand, free admission attracts too many visitors, some of which might not be well-purposed and do some conscious or unconscious damage to the valuable treas

8、ures which used to be well-preserved in the museums.As a university student, I am in favor of the free-admission conduct. Yet it is proposed that some measures should be taken to solve the potential problems caused by it. For example, museums can make some regulations to guide the behavior of visito

9、rs or set some closed days for museums for regular maintenance. Only in this way can free-admission to museums become a long-lasting phenomenon and have sustainable development.Notes:用词方面 词汇使用：1. awareness n. 意识 consciousness, perception2. regarding prep. 关于 with respect to, concerning3. urgency n.

10、紧急；迫切 sth. urgent4. offer v.& n.（主动）给予；（主动）提供give5. obvious adj. 显而易见的；清楚的；明显的clear, self-evident, apparent6. impede n. 妨碍，阻止hinder7. sustainable adj. 可持续的 able to be maintained 8. attract v. 吸引fascinate, charm, appeal to9. potential adj. 潜在的 hidden, likely10. maintenance n. 维护，维修care词组使用：1. home an

11、d abroad 国内外2. (have/get) access to sth. 对的使用3. lead to sth. 导致，引发，造成（相当于cause，同义词组还有：bring about, result in, contribute to,etc.）4. as well 也（相当于too）5. (be) in favor of 支持，赞成句法、篇章结构方面过渡词:nowadays（表时间），as（表原因），however（表转折），as a result（表结果），on the other hand（表对比，比较），yet（表转折），for example（表列举，举例）句型:1. a

12、n increasing number of + C n. pl. 越来越多的。类似用法还有：an increasing amount of + U n.2. Only with free access to this live database, can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them.only引导的状语置于句首，主句要部分倒装。相同用法在范文中还有：Only in this way can free-admission to museums become a long-lasting phenomenon a

13、nd have sustainable development.3. As a result, our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different channels, which might be difficult to operate or control.which引导非限定性定语从句。范文中还有：On the other hand, free admission attracts too many visitors, some of which might not be well-purpo

14、sed and do some conscious or unconscious damage to the valuable treasures which used to be well-preserved in the museums.4. Yet it is proposed that some measures should be taken to solve the potential problems caused by it.常用表达句型：主语从句：It is proposed/advised that，it作形式主语。类似的句型还有：It is estimated/well-

15、known/reported/said that.; It is true/important/necessary that,etc.2008年12月大学英语四级考试作文题目：Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags要求：1. 一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2. 造成的问题3. 限制使用的意义范文：Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic BagsFor many years we have been using disposable plastic bags when we are shopping on the

16、market, and most often these bags are offered by the shops for free. This, undoubtedly, has brought us great convenience in our daily life. However, its disadvantages are also very apparent. Ill just venture to explore two aspects. For one thing, the plastic bags are mostly indecomposable in the nat

17、ural state so that with the increasing use of these bags, it will not only seriously bring about the so-called “white pollution” to the environment, it can also cost us a lot to have them decompose completely so as to minimize their damage to the environment. For another, the production of plastic b

18、ags are often not strictly supervised, so a large proportion of the bags dont meet the requirements for healthy products, which means the more we use them, the more likely we are to suffer in health.The negative effects of the plastic bags are far more serious than what Ive mentioned above, so its h

19、igh time the government issued strict laws and measures to stop using the bags. By doing so, we can save a lot of money from producing these bags as well as return a cleaner earth to ourselves and the later generations. Notes:用词方面词汇使用：1. disposableadj. 一次性使用的2. offerv. 提供 give, provide3. convenience

20、 n. 便利，方便4. disadvantagen. 缺点，不利情况5. apparent adj. 显而易见的 clear, evident, obvious6. venturev. 大胆提出（或说出）；敢于【常接to do或that引导的从句】7. indecomposableadj. 不可分解的（超纲词汇）8. minimizev. 将减到最少 9. supervisev. 监督，管理 administer, regulate10. negativeadj. 否定的；消极的 bad, unhealthy词组使用：1. for free 免费（相当于without charge）2. br

21、ing about引发，带来3. a proportion of 一部分4. save from 使免于句法、篇章结构方面过渡句：and, as well as（表并列），often（表频率），undoubtedly（表强调），however（表转折），for one thingfor another（表列举），so（表结果） 句型：1. For one thing, the plastic bags are mostly indecomposable in the natural state so that with the increasing use of these bags,so t

22、hat引导结果状语从句。另外这个结果状语从句中还套有一个主从句，其中with短语作伴随状语，意思是“随着（的发生），”。2. it can also cost us a lot to have them decompose completely so as to minimize their damage to the environment.常用句型：it costs/takes sb. time/money to do sth. 意思是“花费某人时间、金钱做某事”。另外，so as to do sth. 在句子当中引导结果状语，意思是“这样以来，就”。2008年6月大学英语四级考试作文题目

23、：Recreational Activities要求：1. 娱乐活动多种多样2. 娱乐好处危害3. 依自己来说谈谈感受范文：Recreational ActivitiesWith the dramatic development of our society and our living standard, there are a variety of recreational activities coming to our life. Some may go to KTV with their friends on weekends to get relaxed after five-da

24、y intense work. Meanwhile, others might choose to surf the internet to kill time and appreciate vast resources on the internet. Everything has two sides just like a coin, and entertainment is no exception. On the one hand, amusement activities can enrich our lives, broaden our horizon, and cultivate

25、 our mind. On the other hand, we could waste time and our mind could be contaminated if we failed to approach recreation properly. As far as college students are concerned, we are supposed to take advantage of the benefits from diverse entertainment activities. In addition, it is essential to be sel

26、f-disciplined and steer clear of the adverse influences.Notes:I 用词方面i 词汇使用：1. intense adj. 紧张的 extreme, considerable2. appreciate v. 欣赏enjoy 3. vast adj. 巨大的great, large, enormous4. amusement n. 娱乐 entertainment, recreation5. contaminate v. 污染 pollute 6. approach v. 动手处理deal with, manage7. diverse a

27、dj. 多样的 various8. essential adj. 必要的 necessary, vital9. adverse adj. 不利的（较高要求词汇） unfavorable, harmfulii 词组使用：1. our living standard 生活水平（相当于the standard of our life）2. a variety of 各种各样的（相当于all kinds of / various / a diversity of）3. on weekends 在周末4. surf the internet 网上冲浪 （相当于go online）5. kill time

28、 消磨时间 （与时间搭配的常用的动词还有：cut / budget / save / steal / waste / account for / charge for, etc.）6. broaden ones horizon开阔眼界，长见识7. fail to do 未能8. be supposed to do 应该（相当于should do）9. take advantage of 利用（同义词组是make use of）10. steer clear of 绕开，避开（相当于avoid）II 句法、篇章结构方面i 过渡词：meanwhile/in the meantime（表时间），an

29、d（表并列），on the one handon the other hand（表列举），in addition（表递进）ii句型：1. With the dramatic development of our society and our living standard, there are a variety of recreational activities coming to our life.With引导伴随状语，在这里表示时间。2. As far as college students are concerned, we are supposed to take advanta

30、ge of the benefits from diverse entertainment activities.As far as sb./sth. be concerned, 就而言。常常放在句首。2007年12大学英语四级考试作文题目：Elective Courses to Choose要求：1. 大学开设了多种多样的选修课2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3. 以你自己为例范文：Elective Courses to ChooseWith the remarkable educational reform and the increasing students demand, u

31、niversities strive to offer a variety of elective courses for students to choose. Some higher institutes provide the optional course of cross-cultural communication, and some colleges have computer science in the curriculum of elective courses.There are numerous reasons for students selection of the

32、 courses, and I would like to explore a few of the most significant ones here. In the first place, students tend to take personal interest into consideration when they choose an elective course. Possibly, thats why cross-cultural communication course is so prevailing on campus. Additionally, some un

33、dergraduates attend certain optional courses for their career prospects and future development. Last but not the least, to make up for their required credits is another universal reason as students select a course at random. As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to give priority to personal intere

34、st in picking up an elective course. I am taking geographic research and discovery course in that Ive been greatly keen on science since I was a kid.Notes:I 用词方面i 词汇使用：1. remarkable adj. 显著的 outstanding, extraordinary2. strive v. 努力；奋斗endeavor, struggle3. offer v. 提供 give, provide4. institute n. 学院

35、college5. curriculum n. 课程 （复数形式为 curricula 或 curriculums）6. numerous adj. 许多的considerable, various7. explore v. 探索 probe, investigate8. significant adj. 重要的 important9. prevailing adj. 盛行的，流行的 widespread10. career n. 事业 occupation, profession, vocation11. prospect n. 前景 view, outlook12. universal a

36、dj. 普遍的 common, usual13. priority n. 优先；优先权 ii 词组使用：1. a variety of 多种的，许多（相当于many, various, diverse, a diversity of）2. tend to do 倾向于（同义词组：be likely to, have a tendency to, be liable to, be inclined to）3. take into consideration 把考虑进去 （同义词组：take into account）4. make up for 弥补（相当于compensate）5. at ra

37、ndom 随意6. as far as sb./sth. be concerned 就而言 （同义词组：in ones opinion, in ones eyes, etc.）7. pick up 选择；挑选8. be inclined to 倾向于（同上2）9. in that 因为（相当于because，后面加句子。）10. (be) keen on 热衷于（同义词组：be inerested in）II 句法、篇章结构方面i 过渡词：and（表并列），in the first place（表列举），additionally（表递进），last but not the least （表列举

38、），as（表时间）ii句型：1. With the remarkable educational reform and the increasing students demand, universities strive to offer a variety of elective courses for students to chooseWith引导伴随状语，在这里表示时间。2. Thats why cross-cultural communication course is so prevailing on campus连接副词why在本句子中引导表语从句，表示原因。3. To mak

39、e up for their required credits is another universal reason as students select a course at random.动词不定式To do sth.结构在句子中作主语，这时候谓语动词必须用单数形式。注意非谓语动词在句子当中的使用。2007年6月大学英语四级考试作文题目：Welcome to Our Club要求：1. 本社团的主要活动内容2. 参加本社团的好处3. 如何加入本社团范文：Welcome to Our ClubThe Speech Club is organizing school-wide speech

40、 training and contests on each Saturday at the Students Recreational Center. Five prestigious experts and professors will be invited to be speech lecturers and contest judges. For each speech contest, the first six winners will be given awards.Attending our club has substantial advantages. Firstly,

41、it can improve your ability to deliver a speech which is of utmost significance to your future career and development. Secondly, it can help you to possess self-confidence, enrich your extra curricula activities and make your campus life dimensional, colorful and vigorous. To sum up, the experiences

42、 in our club will be extraordinarily unforgettable throughout your life.Students who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week （June 26). Everybody is welcome to attend our club.Notes:用词方面词汇使用：1. contest n. 比赛，竞赛，竞争 competition2. prest

43、igious adj. 有名望的，有威信的 renowned, famous3. award n. 奖品，奖金 grant, give vt. 授予，奖给prize4. attend v. 参加 join5. substantial adj. 大量的，可观的 rich, considerable6. deliver v. 发言；递送，交付 give 7. possess v. 具有，占据 own, have8. curricula n. 课程 course9. dimensional adj. 空间的 spacious10. vigorous adj. 精力充沛的 energetic词组使用：

44、1. of utmost significance 至关重要2. take part in 参加 （同义词组：participate in）3. sign up (with) 报名参加句法、篇章结构方面过渡句：firstly.secondly.（表列举），to sum up（表总结）句型：Firstly, it can improve your ability to deliver a speech which is of utmost significance toyour future career and development.本句子中which引导限定性定语从句，先行词是abilit

45、y。范文中还有Students who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week (June 26). who引导限定性定语从句，先行词是students。2006年12月大学英语四级考试作文题目：On the Spring Festival Gala要求：1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会 2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会.3. 我的看法.范文：On the Spring Festival GalaThe approach

46、 of the Chinese Lunar New Year poses a national issue concerning the necessity of holding the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Its established status is being challenged by a growing number of people, especially by younger generations. It is increasingly difficult to cater for all tastes.Some individuals

47、hold that it should be canceled or replaced by other programs. These young people focus their attention on other forms of celebration instead of immersing themselves in TV. Despite that, the majority of mid-aged people and senior citizens uphold the importance of the traditional performance. The mos

48、t striking feature of this gala is its traditionally close link with ordinary peoples lives. Most of people view this gala as an annual staple on the traditional Chinese Spring Festival Eve. They all have a restless night and glue their eyes on the television.I am not supportive of the view that the

49、 grand gala should be abandoned. Undoubtedly, it plays a vital role in the celebration of Chinese New Year. To increase its appeal and meet young adults needs, the upcoming performance should invite some big names including super stars from Hongkong and Taiwan. We are all eagerly anticipating this u

50、nforgettable evening show. Notes:用词方面词汇使用：1. approach n. 方式，方法 way v. 接近，靠近 access2. pose vt. 讲述 tell, relate3. issue n. 问题，发行物 problem4. concerning prep. 关于 about, on5. challenge n. 挑战 question6. immerse n. （+ in） 使沉浸在 be addicted to7. senior adj. 年长的；资深的；地位高的 elder, older8. staple n. 主题；主食 event9.

51、 abandon v. 丢弃；抛弃 quit, discard 10. vital adj. 极重要的, 必不可少的 essential, necessary11. appeal n. 吸引力 attraction, charm, fascination词组使用：1. a growing number of 越来越多的（同义词组：an increasing number of）2. cater for 迎合；顾及 （同义词：meet, satisfy）3. focus ones attention on 集中注意力于（可换成：pay ones attention to）4. (be) clos

52、e link with 与的紧密联系（相当于be closely related to）5. viewas 把看作（同义词组还有：seeas, takeas, regardas, think ofas, etc.）6. glue ones eyes on 目不转睛地看（可换成：fix / fasten ones eyes on）7. plays a role in 在起至关重要的作用 （同义词组：make a difference）8. meet ones need(s) 满足某人的需要（可换成：fufil ones need(s)）句法、篇章结构方面过渡句：especially（表强调），d

53、espite （表让步），undoubtedly（表强调）句型：1. Some individuals deem that it should be canceled or replaced by other programs.常用观点表达句型。类似还有Some people claim that ., but other people think as.; Some people are of the opinion that.; Many people claim that.etc.2. To increase its appeal and meet young adults need,

54、the upcoming performance should invite some big names including super stars from Hongkong and Taiwan.本句子中动词不定式To do sth.置于句首，引导目的状语。2006年6月17日大学英语四级考试作文题目：Volunteers Needed要求：1. 校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者 2. 本次志愿者活动的目的、内容、安排等 3. 报名联系方式范文：Volunteers Needed Were writing this letter to recruit volunteers

55、on summer vacation. And we do hope more students are willing to join us and enjoy this activity joyfully during the following month.It is necessary for us to show our plans and arrangements to you. Our plan is to set off next weekend, when the summer vacation officially begins. And, our purpose is t

56、o service the Olympic Games. The first stop is Nanjing, the world-renowned city for its beauty and mild temperature. Well get there by train and stay there for 2 days, and then well head for Shanghai. After a 3-day stay there, we will give the coaches there a hand so that the game can be held smooth

57、ly. As everybody knows, Shanghai is the busiest city in this game, where we will undertake a lot of work, so the stay there will be about half a week. All together, our trip will last about three weeks.Those interested in it please contact me either through email (xxx) or phone call (12345678). We a

58、re waiting for you sincerely.Notes:用词方面词汇使用：1. recruit v. 招聘 enroll2. vacation n. 休假，假期 holiday3. mild adj. 温和的 calm, gentle4. coach n. 教练，指导 trainer, teacher5. smoothly adv. 平稳地 without difficulty/ trouble6. undertake vt. 担任，承揽 set about词组使用：1. set off 开始（相当于start，同义词组：set out）2. head for 朝进发（同义词组：

59、leave for）句法、篇章结构方面过渡句：and（表并列），then, after（表时间），so（表因果），all together（表总结）句型：1. And we do hope more students are willing to join us and enjoy this activity joyfully during the following month.本句中采用do + v.原形的形式，是一种强调用法。英语中强调的用法很多，常用的除了这种形式以外还有强调句型：It is/was + 强调词/词组/短语 + that/who。2. It is necessary f

60、or us to show our plans and arrangements to you.常用表达句型，形式主语it引导主语从句。只不过这个句型中真正的主语是由动词不定式 “to show”充当，是简化的从句。 类似还有It is important（necessary/difficult/convenient/possible, etc.）for sbto do sth.。3. Our plan is to set off next weekend, when the summer vacation officially begins.本句子中when 引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是weekend。4. , we will give the coaches there a hand so that the game can be held smoothly.so that引导结果状语。5. As everybody knows, Shanghai is the busiest city in this game, where we will undertake a lot of work,As everybody knows, 是常用表达句型。类似还有We cannot ignore the fact that ;No one can deny the fact that