2015年武科大考研英语写作讲义

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1、 2015年武科大考研英语写作讲义第一节 基础英语写作：单句汉译英n 1. 主 + 谓1. 会议将持续两个小时。2. 我的爷爷早晨起得很早。3. 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 4. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。5. 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。n 2. 主 + 系 + 表1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。 2. 冬季白天短，夜晚长。 3. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4. 这本书是有关美国历史的书。 5. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。n 3. 主 + 谓 + 宾1. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。 2. 这本书他读过多次了。 3. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 4. 他指出了我的作文

2、中的错误。 5. 五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。n 4. 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾1. Mary把钱包交给校长了。2. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？3. 他把车票给列车员看。4. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。5. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。n 5.主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补1. 他们把门推开了。 2. 我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。3. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。4. 我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 5. 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。n There be句型1. 今晚没有会。2. 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。3. 灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 4. 战前这

3、儿一直有家电影院的。5. 恰好那时房里没人。n 复杂句型练习1我忘了通知他这么重要的决定，这是我的错。(inform)2. 令我惊讶的是，在美国最受欢迎的餐馆是中国餐馆。(popular)3. 我开会迟到的原因是我的手表慢了10分钟。(the reason)4. 直到患了重病，他才下决心马上戒烟。(suffer)5. 如今世界上越来越多的人开始关注食品的安全性。(pay attention)第二节 高分词汇变化与替换非常5+31.越来越多：more and more2.人：people3.认为：think4.很：very5.重要：important6.好的：good7.坏的：bad8.很多：m

4、any一、越来越多的：more and more A a + very的替换词+ increasing + N.(number) of increasing= growing/raising/surging B N+grow+ in + a+ very替换词+increasing N.(numbers) C increasingly, growinglyE.g. 1.在新世纪初期，电脑变得越来越流行。The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of computers.Witness: N. 证人，证据； V.

5、 作证，见证世界见证了苹果的成长。The world witnesses the growth of Apple.E.g. 2.随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多。Coincident with the advancement of science and technology, e-books is becoming increasingly popular.Coincident : 一致的，同时发生的，符合的；巧合的 Coincident with = withMy opinion was coincident with hers.我的意见与她的完全一致.Advancement : 前进

6、，进步Eg.随着苹果手机技术的不断进步，越来越多人买苹果手机了。 E.g. 3.如今，数字化产品的类型和数目越来越多。Nowadays，digital products grow in an extremely increasing categories and quantities. 词汇补充 1：数码/电子产品：digital /electronic products/equipment/devices数码相机：Digital camera数码单反：Digital Single Lens Reflex词汇补充 2：类型：type, category数目：number，quantity二、人

7、：people, person=individuals, folks ,citizens, the publicEx 1:电脑正以一种时尚的方式进入当今社会，吸引着越来越多的人们。Computers are pouring into the current society as a fashion which appeals to growing individuals.Pour into= enter into = flood into/swarm intoEx 2:一群人挤上了公交车。A crowd of individuals swarmed into the bus.Appeal to

8、 sb.= attract = sb. be interested in sth.Ex 3:现在越来越多人使用微博来分享生活中的趣事。 Currently, currently= now = at present/ nowadays词汇补充：微博: microblog 博客: blog 博主：blogger 帖子：post灌水：Off-Topic Discussion in a topical board/ add water? 三、 认为：think=argue、claim、deem it is universally acknowledged that it is widely share

9、d that harbor the idea thatDeem：他认为使用ipad 是一种时尚。vt. He deems it fashionable to use Ipad.她对Ipad的评价很高。vi. She deems highly of Ipad.Harbor :v. 庇护；怀有; n. 海港；避难所我认为乔布斯的人生就是一部传奇。I harbor the idea that Jobss life is a legend.Eg1.有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书。 四、 很，非常：very=extraordinarily、tremendously、remarkably、dramatic

10、ally、exceedingly、extremelyEg1：有人说笔记本电脑对大学生很重要。 Some individuals say that laptop is extremely important to undergraduates.Eg2：妈妈给我买了一台电脑作为生日礼物，我永远也不会忘记这令我非常激动的一天。 万能强副词：definitely、absolutely、obviously、apparentlyLoli is adorable.Definitely, Loli is extremely adorable.Eg1：犀利哥很有型! Brother Xili is very s

11、tylish! 显然地，犀利哥确实是太有型啦! Apparently, Brother Xili is extraordinarily stylish!Eg2：Sister Feng is so confident! Absolutely, Sister Feng is extremely confident!常用修饰全句的副词：Incredibly、Interestingly、Fortunately、unfortunately五、 Important1、Be of 加名词结构的架接。Be of + adj.+importance (n.)Eg1：因特网在我们的生活中很重要。The inter

12、net is very important in our life.改写： Be of + adj. + significance (n.)Eg2：环保对人类的生存来说很重要。The environment protection is of far-reaching significance to the survival of our human beings.Eg3：无数的事实表明因特网对沟通的成功有很重要的作用。 2、Part/ role The internet is playing an increasingly important part/role in our daily li

13、fe.Ex. 1.毫无疑问因特网在我们的生活中是很重要的。It goes without saying that confidence plays a vital role in our life.Ex. 2.奥巴马称卡扎菲政权的终结显示了美国对促进全球民主进程有着很重要的作用。Obama said the expiration of Gaddafi presidency reveals the fact that 词汇补充卡扎菲：Gaddafi 卡扎菲政权：Gaddafi presidency民主进程: democratic progress独裁：dictatorship 独裁者：dicta

14、tor3、ValueE.g. 1. 时间对我们来说很宝贵。Time is of great value to us.E.g.2. 现在的社会人们特别重视诚信。 4、Vital; essential; critical; crucial; of utmost importance/significance; play a role/ part; of great valueEx.1. 合作对我们的成长是很重要的。Cooperation is of crucial value to our growth非常5Ex.1. 越来越多的人认为低碳生活很重要。润色前：More and more peopl

15、e think low carbon life is very important.润色后： Ex.2. 越来越多的人发现适应激烈的竞争变得越来越困难。润色前：More and more young people find it more and more difficult to adapt to the fierce competition.润色后： 六、 好的：good=Positive；Decent；Desirable；Favorable；Rosy；Promising；Perfect；OutstandingEg：他是一个言行得体的人。He is characterized by his

16、 decent language and decent behavior. 他刚在电影公司得到一份不错的工作。He just accepted a desirable job in the film industry.演出受到了好评。 七、坏的：Bad=dreadful；unfavorable；poor；adverse；undesirable；unpleasantEg1：因特网是我们生活中不可或缺的工具，但也经常包含一些不良信息。 Internet, the indispensable tool in modern life, often contains some undesirable m

17、essages.Eg2：总的来说，这种行为对社会的正常发展造成了负面影响。 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive代替。An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games，enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic recordsare less im

18、pressive.Indulge themselves in= lost themselves= abandon themselves to 八、许多：manya great/good many + nsa sea of, an ocean of + ns an army of, a host of + nscountless, numerous + nsa great deal of + 不可数Eg1：许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点.A great many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obv

19、ious advantage. Eg2：许多人错误地认为大学学位能保证成功。A sea of people are under the illusion that a college degree guarantees success. Homework1.阅读经典书籍对人的成长很重要。2.许多人认为阅读经典书籍对人的成长很重要。3.越来越多的人认为阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要，对社会文明也有很好的影响。第三节 作文经典句型练习一. It作形式主语 It + 被动语态 + that众所周知的 / 被普遍广泛认为的It is known to us all thatIts widely bel

20、ieved that Its commonly agreed thatIts universally acknowledged that1人们普遍认为，广泛的文化交流在许多方面对各国人民有好处。It is universally acknowledged (recognized) that extensive cultural exchange does good to people form various nations in many ways.2人们通常认为，一个人如果没有在现实生活中经历逆境和困难，他意志就决不能变得足够坚强。It is generally accepted that

21、 without experiencing hardships and difficulties in real life one can never become strong-minded enough.3人们必须承认，就青少年来说，一个充满竞争的环境对于生活技能的锻炼来说是必要的。 a competitive environment is necessary for the practice of life skills on the side of teenagers.4不可否认的是，旅游业的过度发展可能会破坏某些风景区的生态平衡。 the overgrowth of tourism

22、may disturb the ecological balance of some scenic resorts.5众所周知，体育锻炼能够提高和增进我们的身心健康。 physical exercises can improve and enrich our physical and mental well-being. It is + 形容词 + thatIt is conceivable that + 句子（可想而知的）It is obvious that + 句子（明显的）It is apparent that + 句子（显然的）It is unquestionable that + 句

23、子（毫无疑问的）1显而易见/不言而喻/毫无疑问，这种情况是直接由于过度的紧张和压力而造成的。It is obvious (self-evident, clear, undeniable, apparent) that the situation is caused directly by excessive tension as well as stress.2人们对这个有争议的问题持不同的态度，这是可以理解的/不可避免的。It is comprehensible/understandable (inevitable) that peoples attitudes are divergent/

24、differenton this controversial issue.3很难想象/相信我们年轻人竟然如此沉溺于这个虚拟的网络世界里。 we youngsters should be much addicted to the virtual net world. It is + 形容词 + for sb. ( sth. ) to do sth.1大家积极参加体育锻炼非常重要。因为体育锻炼不仅我们的身体有好处，而且对我们的心理和性格也有好处。It is important (vital) for everyone to participate actively in physical exer

25、cises, for they will do good not only to our body but also to our mind and personality.2现在大学生毕业时很难找到一个理想的工作，特别是那些学基础课程专业的学生，比如历史和数学。 upon his graduation, especially those majoring in fundamental courses such as history and mathematics.二. as /along with/Coupled with “随着”句型1随着经济的快速发展，中国人民的生活标准已经大大提高，许

26、多家庭能够买得起房子和汽车。Along with the rapid growth of economy, the living standards of the Chinese people have been greatly improved. Houses and cars are within easy reach of（买得起）many families.2随着每年培养的大学生越来越多，求职市场的情况正变得愈加严峻。Coupled with a growing number of college graduates being turned out each year, the si

27、tuation in the job market is getting tighter and tighter.3随着工业和农业的不断进步，缺水的问题也将越严重。As industry and agriculture advances, the problem of water shortage will be the more serious.4随着中国进一步开放和扩大与其它国家的教育交流，出国留学在中学生中正越来越流行。 , going abroad to study is increasingly fashionable among middle school students.三.

28、There be 句型1在过去十年里，年轻已婚夫妇想生孩子的数量已出现了明显的下降趋势。In the past ten years there has been a marked decline in the number of young married couples who want to have children.2近来，关于是否要克隆人类出现了热烈的讨论/辩论。In recent years, there has been a heated /spirited debate/controversy concerning whether human beings should be

29、cloned.3现在仍然有许多孩子因为贫困而不能上学。 because of poverty.4随着因特网业的发展，越来越多的人会上网冲浪。As the Internet industry develops, there will be an increasing number of folks surfing on the web.5现在人们对孩子不得不要承受的学习和心理上的沉重负担表现出越来越多的担忧。Currently there is a growing concern over the heavy burden, both academic and psychological, wh

30、ich our children have to bear.毫无疑问地说 There is no doubt in saying that 说一点也不夸张 There is no exaggeration in saying that 不可否认 There is no denying that + S + V .难怪 There is no wonder thatEx 1：我们的生活品质已经每况愈下（deteriorate/go from bad to worse）。Obviously, there is no exaggeration in saying that the qualities

31、 of our living have gone from bad to worse.大学生志愿者推动着社会的进步。College student volunteers promote the advancement of the society.毫无疑问地，大学生志愿者推动着社会的前进。毫无疑问地，大学生志愿者，在一定程度上，推动着社会的前进。 显而易见地，大学生志愿者，直接或者间接的，推动着社会的前进。 四. 表示“使变得”的句型 make宾语形容词 makeit形容词for sb. to do sth.1信息技术的广泛引用会使我们的工作和生活更加方便和丰富。The widespread

32、introduction of modern information technology will make our work and life more convenient and colorful.2最重要的是，我们应该不断地加强我们的环保意识，使我们的世界成为适合人类居住的美好家园。Most importantly, we should increasingly heighten our environmental awareness and .3现代交通意味着让人们出门旅行更加快捷、方便和舒适。Modern transportation means making it highly

33、 fast, convenient and comfortable for people to travel far away from home.4先进的医学科技使得人类的寿命更长，遭受各种疾病越少。 五. so that（以便）/sothat（如此以致）句型1青少年是如此喜欢时装以至他们花大量钱来买时髦的衣服。Teenagers are so keen about fashions that they spend large amounts of money on fashionableclothes.2我们青年人应该学会以恰当的方式来减轻压力以便我们能够更好地适应这个竞争社会。We yo

34、uths should learn to reduce pressure in proper ways so that we can better adapt to the competitive society.六. 非限制性定语从句1有些人可能沉溺于网上冲浪，这会危害他们的身心健康。Some people may be addicted to netsurfing, which impairs their physical and mental health.2越来越高的离婚率将引发一系列的问题，这已受到大众的极大关注。The increasingly high divorce rate

35、will cause a series of problems, 七. 用分词结构扩展内容1由于人们没有意识到地球上的水资源是有限的，因此人们每天浪费了大量的水。People,not realizing that water resources on the earth are limited, waste a great amount of water every day.2公民有权利知道真相和约束名人，从而形成一种公众舆论。Citizens have the right to know the truth and supervise the celebrity, thus forming

36、a public opinion.3由于父母亲对孩子寄予极大希望，所以当他们得知其孩子考试不及格时，他们再也抑制不住自己极度的失望和生气了。 , parents couldnt hold back huge disappointment and anger when they learnt their sons failure to pass the test.4随着生活水平的提高，越来越多的人们开始购买汽车来满足工作和生活的需要，也就恶化了交通问题。With the improvement of living standards, a growing number of folks begi

37、n to buy cars to meet the needs of work and life, thereby worsening the traffic problems.八插入语表程度的词组：To a certain extent、To some degree、To a large degree其他：In one way or another、For one reason or another、Directly or indirectly、As a matter of fact、In other words、Put it in another way插入语的位置(1)：Be动词后E.g

38、1：做志愿者是光荣而有意义的。To be a volunteer is honorable and meaningful.To be a volunteer is, as a matter of fact, honorable and meaningful.插入语的位置(2)：实意动词前E.g2：社会对大学生志愿者评价很高。The society speaks highly of college student volunteers.The society, for one reason or another, speaks highly of college student voluntee

39、rs. There is no doubt in saying that the society, for one reason or another, speaks highly of college student volunteers, who are always vigorous and ready to help.插入语的位置(3)：情态动词后，实意动词前E.g3：大学生能够在志愿活动中提高自身的素质。College students can improve themselves when volunteering. College students can, directly o

40、r indirectly, improve their overall abilities. Undoubtedly, it is not too much to say that college students can, directly or indirectly, favorably improve their overall abilities, physically and mentally.E.g4：尽全力保护我们的环境对我们来说是很重要的！Its important that we should try our best to protect our environment.S

41、hould=Ought to/Be supposed to do/Be expected to doTry our best=Endeavor to do/Take pains to do/Spare no efforts to doIts crucial that we are supposed to devote ourselves to protecting our environment.Unquestionably, its remarkably significant that we are，for one reason or another, absolutely expecte

42、d to spare no efforts to protect our rosy earth.Homework当前，食品安全问题很严重。在一些食品里，含有化学物质，会损害人的身体健康。要求： 35个字。九. 状语从句（一）原因状语从句1、Because、because of、because of thatEg：一个名字特别的人可能更容易被一个群体或是团体接受，因为这个名字会留下深刻的印象。 A person with a special name may be easily accepted by a group or a community because the name may lea

43、ve a deep impression on others. A person with a special name may be easily accepted by a group or a community because of the deep impression the name leaves. Obviously, a special name may leave a deep impression on others, because of that, a person with a special name may be easily accepted by a gro

44、up or a community .2、In that他的要求是不合理的, 因为他知道我们负担不起 His request is unreasonable because he knows we cant afford it. His request is unreasonable in that he knows we cant afford it.3、Primarily owing to the fact that主要因为 Partly / partially owing to the fact that部分因为Eg：电脑影响了我们的生活。Computer influences our

45、life.毫不夸张来说，电脑以某种方式直接或者间接影响了我们的生活，主要是因为它提高了我们工作学习的效率，次要是因为它给我们提供了有效的资源 There is no exaggeration in saying that computer, directly or indirectly, in one way or another, influences our life, because computer has been bettering the efficiency of our work and study, and also because internet offer us su

46、fficient resources. There is no exaggeration in saying that computer, directly or indirectly, in one way or another, influences our life, primarily owing to the fact that computer has been bettering the efficiency of our work and study, partially owing to that internet offer us sufficient resources.

47、（二）条件状语从句1、on condition that如果，在条件下，只要以为条件例：只要人人都献出一片爱，世界将变得更美好。 The world will be better if everybody dedicates our love. The world will be better on condition that everybody dedicates our love.2、only if只有（在的条件下）例：持久的和平将在这个地区建立起来，只要双方能接受这个协议 A lasting peace will be established in this region, only

48、if both sides accept the agreement.注意：only 放置句首时，句子要倒装！例：倒转句型： Only if both sides accept the agreement, will a lasting peace be established in this region.3、given that 鉴于，考虑到，如果例：鉴于普通人被各种各样的广告包围，选择一个合适的商品不是那么容易的。 Given that ordinary people are surrounded by all different kinds of ads, selecting a su

49、itable product is not that easy.例：如果他能得到另一个机会，他一定会成功 Given that he can get another chance, he will surely succeed.4、in the event that 如果，在条件下例：只有拿到两千美元的抵押贷款，我才买得起那栋房子。 I can buy the house in the event that the mortgage for 2000 dollars is available.十. 强调句1、强调主，宾，状，强调句型Eg：昨晚他给我一本书。 He gave me a book

50、yesterday.主：It was he who gave me a book yesterday.宾语：it was a book that he gave me yesterday.状：it was yesterday that he gave me a book.2、强调句：强调原因状语从句Eg：因为政府有效预防甲流，如今疫情才得以控制 Because the administration prevented the H1N1 flu efficiently, the epidemic situation has been under control currently.改写：3、 强

51、调句：强调名词性从句Eg：大学生应该经常关心国际大事 College students are expected to focus on what happened in the world frequently.改写：十一. 倒装句1、Only引导Eg1：只有采取这些措施，学生们才能全面的发展 Only with these measures taken can we expect the all-sided development of students.Eg2：只有通过这些方式，我们才能拥抱一个灿烂的明天 2、Not onlybut also引导Eg：如果孩子们要什么就给他们什么，不但会

52、损害他们的健康，还会让他们变得自私，被宠坏掉。 If children are given everything they ask for, not only may their health be damaged, but they may grow up selfish and spoilt. 十二. 结论句型1只要我们采取有效的措施，由老龄化社会所引发的问题将会减少到最小程度。As long as we take effective measures, the problems caused by the aged society will be reduced to the small

53、est extent.2只要我们马上明智地采取行动，我们一定能够解决当前的这个紧迫的问题。As long as we act intelligently and promptly, we are bound to solve the present severe problem.3只要政府和个人做出努力，就一定能找到一个解决这个问题的方法。As long as the government and individuals strive hard, there will certainly be a way to solve this problem.4从提供的所有证据来看，我们可以稳妥地得出如

54、下结论，体育锻炼对青少年的心理和智力的发展都有益。Judging from all evidence offered, we can safely come to the conclusion that physical exercises are beneficial to the psychological and intellectual growth of teenagers.5简而言之，在优先考虑发展经济的时候，应该做出大的努力来加强伦理和道德教育。In short (In a word/All in all/To sum up), great efforts should be m

55、ade to enhance ethic and moral education when high priority is given to the economic development.6只有当这些措施付诸实践的时候，缺水的问题才能得到解决。It is only when these measures are put into practice that the shortage of water can be solved.7只有当这个问题得到有效地解决时，我们才能维持一个稳定和谐的社会。Only when this problem is solved effectively can we maintain a stable and harmonious society.8如